磷酰基乙酸改性粉煤灰基SBA-15及选择性吸附稀土性能

以粉煤灰为硅源合成了介孔二氧化硅SBA-15，对其进行磷酰基乙酸（PAA）功能化改性制备了PAA-SBA-15吸附剂，对改性前后的吸附剂进行了XRD，N2-吸脱附、红外光谱表征。结果显示，改性后SBA-15的孔道保持高度有序。将PAA-SBA-15用于模拟溶液中稀土离子吸附，发现PAA-SBA-15对Eu3+、Gd3+、Tb3+、Nd3+和Sm3+的吸附容量分别可达18.6、23.2、21.9、22.6和20.2 mg/g。考察了竞争离子Ca2+、Mg2+、Al3+和Fe3+对稀土离子吸附的影响。结果显示，Fe3+的存在对PAA-SBA-15吸附稀土离子干扰性最强。吸附动力学和热力学结果显示，PAA-SBA-15对稀土离子的吸附符合准二级动力学和Langmuir等温吸附模型，吸附过程中化学吸附占主导作用。     

Nitrogen fertilizer in leucaena alley cropping. II. residual value of nitrogen fertilizer and leucaena residues

Legume residues have been credited with supplying mineral nitrogen (N) to the associated cereal crop and improving soil fertility in the long term. Few studies using¹⁵N have reported the fate of legume N and fertilizer N in the presence of legume residues in soil-plant systems over periods of two years or longer. A field experiment was conducted in microplots to evaluate: (1) the residual value of the¹⁵N added in leucaena residues; (2) the residual value of fertilizer¹⁵N applied in the presence of unlabelled leucaena residues in the first year to maize over three subsequent years; and (3) the long-term fate of residual fertilizer and leucaena¹⁵N in a leucaena alley cropping system.There was a significant increase in maize production over three subsequent years after addition of leucaena residues. The residual effect of fertilizer N increased maize yield in the second year when N fertilizer was applied at 36 kg N ha^–1 in the first year in the presence of leucaena residues. Of the leucaena¹⁵N applied in the first year, the second, third and fourth maize crop recovered 2.6%, 1.8% and 1.4%, respectively. The corresponding values for the residual fertilizer¹⁵N were 0.7%, 0.4% and 0.3%. About 12–14% of the fertilizer¹⁵N added in the first year was found in the 200 cm soil profile over the following three years. This differed from the 38–41% of leucaena¹⁵N detected in the soil over the same period. Most of the residual fertilizer and leucaena¹⁵N in the soil was immobilized in the top 25 cm with less than 1% leached below 100 cm. More than 36% of the leucaena¹⁵N and fertilizer¹⁵N added in the first year was apparently lost from the soil-plant system in the first two years. No further loss of the residual leucaena and fertilizer¹⁵N was detected after two years.     

Fate of nitrogen fertilizer applied to lowland rice on a Sulfic Tropaquept

A field experiment was conducted on an acid sulfate soil in Thailand to determine the effect of N fertilization practices on the fate of fertilizer-N and yield of lowland rice (Oryza sativa L.). A delayed broadcast application of ammonium phosphate sulfate (16-20-0) or urea was compared with basal incorporation of urea, deep placement of urea as urea supergranules (USG), and amendment of urea with a urease inhibitor. Deep placement of urea as USG significantly reduced floodwater urea- and ammoniacal-N concentrations following N application but did not reduce N loss, as determined from an¹⁵N balance, in this experiment where runoff loss was prevented. The urease inhibitor, phenyl phosphorodiamidate (PPD), had little effect on floodwater urea- and ammoniacal-N, and it did not reduce N loss. The floodwater pH never exceeded 4.5 in the 7 days following the first N applications, and application of 16-20-0 reduced floodwater pH by 0.1 to 0.3 units below the no-N control. The low floodwater pH indicated that ammonia volatilization was unimportant for all the N fertilization practices. Floodwater ammoniacal-N concentrations following application of urea or 16-20-0 were greater on this Sulfic Tropaquept than on an Andaqueptic Haplaquoll with near neutral pH and alkaline floodwater. The prolonged, high floodwater N concentrations on this Sulfic Tropaquept suggested that runoff loss of applied N might be a potentially serious problem when heavy rainfall or poor water control follow N fertilization. The unaccounted-for¹⁵N in the¹⁵N balances, which presumably represented gaseous N losses, ranged from 20 to 26% of the applied N and was unaffected by urea fertilization practice. Grain yield and N uptake were significantly increased with applied N, but grain yield was not significantly affected by urea fertilization practice. Yield was significantly lower (P = 0.05) for 16-20-0 than for urea; however, this difference in yield might be due to later application of P and hence delayed availability of P in the 16-20-0 treatment.     

Use of the 15N natural abundance technique to quantify biological nitrogen fixation by woody perennials

Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) associated with trees and shrubs plays a major role in the functioning of many ecosystems, from natural woodlands to plantations and agroforestry systems, but it is surprisingly difficult to quantify the amounts of N₂ fixed. Some of the problems involved in measuring N₂ fixation by woody perennials include: (a) diversity in occurrence, and large plant-to-plant variation in growth and nodulation status of N₂-fixing species, especially in natural ecosystems; (b) long-term, perennial nature of growth and the seasonal or year-to-year changes in patterns of N assimilation; and (c) logistical limitations of working with mature trees which are generally impossible to harvest in their entirety. The methodology which holds most promise to quantify the contributions of N₂ fixation to trees is the so-called `¹⁵N natural abundance' technique which exploits naturally occurring differences in ¹⁵N composition between plant-available N sources in the soil and that of atmospheric N₂. In this review we discuss probable explanations for the origin of the small differences in ¹⁵N abundance found in different N pools in both natural and man-made ecosystems and utilise previously published information and unpublished data to examine the potential advantages and limitations inherent in the application of the technique to study N₂ fixation by woody perennials. Calculation of the proportion of the plant N derived from atmospheric N₂ (%Ndfa) using the natural abundance procedure requires that both the ¹⁵N natural abundance of the N derived from BNF and that derived from the soil by the target N₂-fixing species be determined. It is then assumed that the ¹⁵N abundance of the N₂-fixing species reflects the relative contributions of the N derived from these two sources. The ¹⁵N abundance of the N derived from BNF (B) can vary with micro-symbiont, plant species/provenance and growth stage, all of which create considerable difficulties for its precise evaluation. If the%Ndfa is large and the ¹⁵N abundance of the N acquired from other sources is not several ¹⁵N units higher or lower than B, then this can be a major source of error. Further difficulties can arise in determining the ¹⁵N abundance of the N derived from soil (and plant litter, etc.) by the target plant as it is usually impossible to predict which, if any, non-N₂-fixing reference species will obtain N from the same N sources in the same proportions with the same temporal and spatial patterns as the N₂-fixing perennial. The compromise solution is to evaluate the ¹⁵N abundance of a diverse range of neighbouring non-N₂-fixing plants and to compare these values with that of the N₂-fixing species and the estimate of B. Only then can it be determined whether the contribution of BNF to the target species can be quantified with any degree of confidence. This review of the literature suggests that while the natural abundance technique appears to provide quantitative measures of BNF in tree plantation and agroforestry systems, particular difficulties may arise which can often limit its application in natural ecosystems.     

STC视野下我国高职教育课程改革新探

当前我国高等职业教育存在着诸多问题,课程体系不合理尤为突出."从学校到生涯"(School to Career,STC)理念关注学生,着眼于个体生涯的终身发展,帮助学生从学校到生涯顺利过渡.在此视野下,我国高等职业教育应借鉴国外高职教育经验.着眼于培养学生职业能力,在指导思想、课程结构、教学方法和职业指导等方面加以改革.     

SrCe0．85Yb0．15O3-α陶瓷的中温导电性研究

以高温固相反应法合成了质子导电性氧化物陶瓷SrCe0．85Yb0．15O3-α粉末XRD结果表明,该陶瓷样品为单一斜方相钙钛矿型结构。以陶瓷样品为固体电解质、Ag—Pd合金为电极,采用交流阻抗谱技术和气体浓差电池方法分别测定了样品在400℃～800℃下、干燥空气及湿润氢气中的电动势及离子迁移数．研究了样品的离子导电特性。结果表明：在干燥空气中,陶瓷样品是一个氧离子与空穴的混合导体：在湿润氢气中,陶瓷样品的质子迁移数为1,是一个纯的质子导体。Ag—Pd合金电极有助于电导率的提高。     

基于STC单片机的焊接摆动器控制系统的设计

介绍了基于STC单片机焊接摆动器控制系统的设计,包括电源模块、单片机控制模块、直流电机脉宽调制(PWM)调速模块、红外线二极管检测与放大电路模块、人机交互模块等系统硬件设计,以及用C语言实现的系统软件设计.该系统能够控制焊枪以特定的预置参数进行摆动并配合一台小车进行流水线操作,从而达到自动焊接过程中的特殊要求.通过现场运行,系统稳定,可靠性高,满足工业现场要求.     

基于GSM模块TC35I的收发控制系统设计

基于GSM网络平台,采用了TC35I和STC89C52作为数据收发系统,进行单片机STC89C52与短信收发模块TC35I的数据传输,以及PC机与STC89C52通信的研究,并进行了系统硬件与软件方案的设计和系统调试.利用PC机作为数据管理和服务器,实现了PC机、STC89C52单片机与TC35I收发系统的通信.     

Wear Performance of Laser Surface Hardened GCr15 Steel

In order to assess the new tribological properties of laser surface hardened GCr15 steel, the wear resistance between specimens treated with laser and those of conventionally hardened under dry sliding conditions was compared. The change of wear mechanisms in laser hardened GCr15 resulted in a distinct difference in wear rates. The results showed that quenched zones not only had sufficient depth of hardening and higher hardness, but had more retained austenite and finer carbides because of a higher degree o...     

2,15-十六烷二酮的合成

采用直链十四碳二元酸为起始原料,先以氯化亚砜进行酰化,所得酰氯直接与甲基锌试剂反应进行甲基化,从而制得了合成麝香酮的重要中间体2,15-十六烷二酮,产物结构经1HNMRI、R确认。总产率为72.6%。