Identification of peptides in traditional and probiotic sheep milk yoghurt with angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitory activity

Two sets of traditional Greek sheep milk yoghurt were produced: the first one (YC) using normal yoghurt culture (Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus ?10.13 and Streptococcus thermophilus ?10.7) and the second (PR) with the same normal culture mixed with Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei DC412. YC and PR had similar physicochemical properties and proteolysis patterns throughout storage. Both products showed similar peptide profiles by RP-HPLC but quantitative differences were observed in respect to storage time. Single-strain cultures of the microorganisms used showed similar peptide profiles for both lactobacilli, yet L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus was the most proteolytic of all three microorganisms. The peptide content and the ACE-inhibitory activity of the water-soluble extracts of yoghurts, YC and PR, increased throughout storage. Major peptides were identified from yoghurt PR and from the separate cultures of L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and L. paracasei subsp. paracasei. Most of these peptides were derived from β-casein. A peptide, β-CN f114-121, with well-established ACE-inhibitory and opiate-like activity was identified in yoghurt PR. Further identified peptides were regarded as potential ACE-inhibitors according to their sequence.     

注射成形Fe-50%Ni软磁合金的研究

Fe-50％Ni合金是一种典型的高磁导率和低矫顽力的软磁材料。作者采用注射成形方法制取Fe-50％Ni,研究了在注射成形工艺中烧结工艺对最终产品性能及微观组织的影响,并分析了影响产品磁性能的一些主要因素。实验结果表明:提高烧结温度和延长烧结时间能够较好地改善产品的力学性能;密度是影响产品磁性能的主要因素,杂质(主要指C,O,N)的含量和晶粒尺寸对剩磁、磁导率和矫顽力也有较大的影响;通过注射成形方法制取的Fe-50％Ni,其性能要优于采用传统粉末冶金方法制备的Fe-50％Ni。     

(Lager-)Container; bauliche Anlage; Gebäude; baubewilligungspflichtige Maßnahmen

Der Unterlassungsauftrag ist an denjenigen zu richten ist, von dem eine solche Abhilfe erwartet und gegen den sie auch durchgesetzt werden kann. Dies kann der Liegenschaftseigentümer sein, aber auch derjenige, dem das Grundstück zur Nutzung überlassen worden ist und der die widmungswidrigen Nutzungshandlungen gesetzt hat. Die Bestimmung des Bescheidadressaten hat auf der Grundlage sachgerechter Erw?gungen zu erfolgen.     

Phase formation in a Ni-50Cr HVOF coating

A complex, fine scale microstructure of non-equilibrium phases is obtained by HVOF deposition of Ni-50Cr alloy due to the rapid cooling experienced by the splats which make up the as-deposited coatings. XRD analyses indicated that the as-deposited coatings consisted predominantly of a single fcc γ-Ni phase. Two small peaks suggested the presence of NiO and/or NiCr₂O₄ at the limit of detection (∼ 5%). Shoulders on the main γ-Ni peaks were interpreted as evidence of a second, lower Cr content γ-Ni phase. Characterization of the oxide content of the as-deposited coatings by X-ray diffraction, image analysis of backscattered electron images, and electron probe microanalysis yielded conflicting results due to the size of the microstructural features present relative to the spatial resolution of these techniques. Due to the nature and feature size of the non-equilibrium oxide phase(s), direct measurement of the oxygen content by EPMA was found to be the most accurate technique. Heat treatment of an as-deposited coating at 650 °C in vacuum resulted in coarsening of the microstructural features, and an approach towards a mixture of equilibrium phases consisting of γ-Ni, α-Cr, and Cr₂O₃. Evidence was also seen in the XRD pattern of an intermetallic σ phase that has previously only been reported in thin films of Ni-Cr alloys.     

Ultrasonic vocalizations of rats (Rattus norvegicus) during mating, play, and aggression: Behavioral concomitants, relationship to reward, and self-administration of playback..

Rats (Rattus norvegicus) emit a variety of ultrasonic vocalizations throughout their lifespan that reflect different forms of emotional arousal and accompanying affective states. In this study, high frequency recordings of ultrasonic vocalizations were made during mating, aggression, and both conspecific and heterospecific (dubbed "tickling") rough-and-tumble play behavior. We found that frequency modulated 50-kHz calls (trills and step calls) were positively correlated with positively valenced appetitive behavior during mating, play, and aggression. These calls were also positively correlated with the reward value of these social encounters. However, constant frequency (i.e., flat) 50-kHz calls were not related to appetitive behaviors or reward. In contrast, 22-kHz calls were positively related to aversive/withdrawal behaviors during mating, play, and aggression. Finally, we found that rats self-administered playback of frequency modulated 50-kHz trill calls and avoided playback of 22-kHz calls. Playback of flat 50-kHz calls or tape hiss was neutral. These results suggest that frequency modulated 50-kHz calls index a positively valenced, appetitive, social-emotional state in rats. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Do vertical tax externalities lead to tax rates being too high? A note

When both vertical and horizontal externalities are at work in a federation, they generally distort levels of taxation in opposite directions. This article is an extension of the Keen and Kotsogiannis (Am Econ Rev March: 363–370, 2002) model. It focuses on state tax policy when states provide an industrial public good increasing firms’ marginal productivity rather than a residential public good intended to households. We find that some results related to whether equilibrium state taxes are likely to be too high or too low are much more complex when state-provided industrial public goods are considered. First, we show that in the presence of industrial public goods, a dominant vertical externality may result in state tax rates being too low (and not too high as it is the case with residential public goods). Second, we find that under certain conditions, horizontal and vertical externalities may point in the same direction and reinforce each other towards tax rates being too high or too low.     

Error estimation in the approximation of the solution of nonlinear fuzzy Fredholm integral equations

Using a fixed point technique, the sequence of successive approximations and a recent quadrature formula for fuzzy-number-valued functions, it is constructed a numerical method for the solution of nonlinear fuzzy Fredholm integral equations. Moreover, the error estimate of the method and a criterion to stop the corresponding algorithm are given.     

Restricted randomization and multiple responses in industrial experiments

Two issues regarding designed experiments are discussed; restrictions on randomization and multiple responses. The former is typically related to hard‐to‐vary factors and factors appearing in separate stages of a process experiment. Randomization restrictions should be taken into account in the construction of the design as well as in the statistical modelling. In the paper, a case study of sausage production is discussed, having a split‐plot model with correlated multiple responses. Multiple responses are handled in two ways, by principal component analysis (PCA) followed by ANOVA of the principal components, and by a newly developed alternative, the ‘50–50 MANOVA’. Multiple tests of correlated response variables are also described. Practical aspects of the planning, performing, response measurements, and statistical analysis are emphasized throughout. Hence, the paper aims to extend the utility of statistical methods in industry by linking design of experiments to multivariate analysis of the responses. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

向心分离采样器级常数的估算

在设计向心分离采样器时,需估算其各收集级的级常数D_(ae)(50)值,但目前尚无现成的计算公式可用。本文对多种型号的向心分离采样器的结构参数与实验刻度结果进行了对比分析,在撞击器计算公式的基础上,给出了一个修正公式,用于估算向心分离采样器的级常数,结果与实验值基本一致,可供设计向心分离器时作参考。     

反应过程压力变化对煤油共处理反应的影响

在50L高压釜上研究了不同反应条件对煤与催化裂化油浆共处理反应压力变化的影响.结果表明:在400℃,H2气氛和5.0MPa(室温)条件下,使用Mo系列催化剂时,体系总压力最低,压降最多而且压力下降时温度最低;使用Fe系列催化剂次之;无催化剂时结果相反.说明Mo催化剂加氢性能最好.油浆与煤投料比例对压力的变化规律影响不明显.随反应温度的升高,压力增加.在低温400℃保温段,反应1h压力不回升,延长反应时间到3h压力也不回升,但压降主要发生在保温前期.在高温425℃和450℃保温段,压力随反应时间的延长会回升,可能是发生缩聚反应所致.温度越高,缩聚越严重.气氛对反应影响较大.N2气氛下,在保温段压力一直增加,可能是缩聚反应产生小分子所致.