一种测量建筑材料和土壤氡面析出率的新方案

在分析了直接测量法测量氡面析出率的原理和影响测量效果各因素的基础上，对建筑材料、土壤氡面析出率的测量方案进行了探讨，并提出了一种新的测量方案。该方案能够较好地克服氡面析出率测量中各种因素的影响，并且具有装置简单、可大批量重复测量、成本低等优点。     

具有迭代结构的时频分布计算方法

本文讨论了时频分布中的迭代算法的问题.通过选择特殊的计算窗口,时频分布的迭代运算形式能够有效地利用前面数据段的分析结果,从而避免了重复性的运算,使得计算效率得到提高.本文对原有的利用单边窗口的时频分布迭代算法的性能进行了分析,提出了采用对称型窗口的迭代计算形式.与单边窗口相比,双边形式的计算窗口不但可以有效地提高时频表示精度,同时还能够更为准确的表示信号的瞬时频率.文章对各项理论分析结果提供了相应的仿真实验结果.     

分数阶傅立叶变换的多种定义形式及其光学实现系统分析

分数阶傅立叶变换是经典傅立叶变换的广义形式,它同时从时间域和频率域(或空间域)揭示信号特征。本文系统地分析了分数阶傅立叶变换三种定义形式及其所对应的光学实现系统的组成和原理,说明了光学信息处理系统实现分数阶傅立叶变换的有效性.     

基于Curvelet变换的多次波去除技术

本文基于波动方程的自由表面多次波压制预测减去法,采用近期迅速发展的多尺度变换系统中的Curvelet变换替代减去法,收到了较好的效果。该变换具有最优稀疏约束条件,能使一次波在一组基函数上的投影能量尽可能小。其主要实现过程为:对地震记录数据进行Curvelet变换,以预测多次波的Curvelet域的系数为阈值,采用类似去噪的手段去除多次波。该方法能满足去除多次波过程的能量最小准则。文中在Curvelet算法数值实验中尝试了先把地震记录做Radon变换,并用Curvelet阈值法减去Radon域的多次波,再把去除了多次波的数据做反Radon变换即为多次波去除结果。数值实验结果表明,在Radon域进行Curvelet变换去除多次波的效果更好,并能更好地保留一次波的能量。     

连续小波变换VLSI实现综述

小波变换是信号处理、图像压缩和模式识别等诸多领域中一个非常有效的数学分析工具。然而，实时小波变换计算量大，需要专用硬件来实现。连续小波变换的VLSI实现在处理速度、功耗及适用频率范围方面部具有较明显的优势，且实现方法灵活。本文对近年来有关该领域的研究情况作了综合评述，讨论了其中存在的问题，并指出了今后的若干发展方向，特别是瞬时缩展电路技术是实现低电压低功耗小波变换芯片的重要途经之一。     

一种空间自适应小波门限去噪算法

提出了一种空间自适应小波门限去噪算法,该算法在小波域对含噪小波系数做两次自适应去噪,两次自适应门限分别基于最大似然(ML)方差估计和最大后验概率(MAP)方差估计.仿真结果表明,该算法与其它自适应门限去噪算法相比,去噪后的图象具有更高的峰值信噪比(PSNR).     

Linked influence of pH and cations on fatty-acid monolayer integrity related to high-quality Langmuir-Blodgett films

This study shows the connection between the morphological structure of transferred films and the chemical composition of the monolayer before transfer. The stability of a behenic acid monolayer depends on the linked influence of the type of cation and of the pH value in the aqueous subphase. The stability of the monolayer is assessed by the expansion of the solid-packed state and by the relaxation time. Its integrity is characterized by the number of crystal defects which appear in transferred Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films as seen through Nomarski microscope observations. Both stability and integrity are greatly improved when Cd²⁺ or Mn²⁺are added to the subphase at pH 5.75 and 6 respectively. In these conditions, the transfer is very efficient and the LB films thus obtained are of very high quality. The pH values of the subphase at which the molecules of behenic acid are transformed into bivalent salts differ significantly according to the nature of the cation involved. Comparing infrared spectra of the LB films, it appeared that the relative amount of acid/salt found in the monolayer was practically the same with a subphase containing either Cd²⁺ at pH 5.75 or Mn²⁺ at pH 6. This suggests that the ratio of acidic and salt forms would be a key parameter for obtaining high-quality LB films.     

Perceptual primitives from an extended 4D Hough transform

Directional features extracted from Gabor wavelets responses were used to train a structure of self-organising maps, thus classifying each pixel in the image within a neuron-map. Resulting directional primitives were grouped into perceptual primitives introducing an extended 4D Hough transform to group pixels with similar directional features. These can then be used as perceptual primitives to detect salient structures. The proposed method has independently fixed parameters that do not need to be tuned for different kind or quality of images. We present results in application to noisy FLIR images and show that line primitives for complex structures, such as bridges, or simple structures, such as runways, can be found by this approach. We compare and demonstrate the quality of our results with those obtained through a parameter-dependent traditional Canny edge detector and Hough line finding process.     

Use of pyrogenic silicas for petroleum oil polar fraction characterisation. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and microelectrophoresis studies

In the power transformer, the presence of polar or charged species in the insulating oil can cause failure and electric discharges. Solid substrates such as silica can be used to extract the polar species and to refine the oil in order to prevent future failure in the power transformer. However, the use of silica for petroleum oil separation and refining will depend on the silica characteristics such as surface charge, surface composition, specific surface area and particle size.Various pyrogenic silicas having various specific surface areas (49-200 m² g⁻¹) and particle sizes (207-500 nm) were used to extract the polar fractions from the neat transformer insulating oils (a new, NO, and used, UO2, oils). The oil covered silica samples were investigated by diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT) spectroscopy in the range 4000-600 cm⁻¹. The bare silica surfaces present two main hydroxyl components, a sharper peak at 3745 cm⁻¹, I₃₇₄₅, due to isolated silanols and a second broad, which spreads over 3745-3000 cm⁻¹, I_3745-3000, due to H-bonded silanols. The relative intensities of the two components, I₃₇₄₅/I_3745-3000, varied for the bare and the oil covered silicas depending on the solid surface characteristics. The adsorption of the NO polar fraction onto silica leads to strong reduction in intensity of the sharper peak in favour of the broad one. However, the adsorption of the UO2 polar fraction onto silica leads in all cases to the decrease in the intensity of the both silica OH components. Further, the UO2 adsorption on the silica leads to the apparition of a broad peak at low frequency in the region 3250-3300 cm⁻¹ which, is due to the associated phenolic groups of UO2 oil polar fraction. The analysis of the DRIFT spectra for various samples indicates that the oil polar fraction resembles to asphaltenes compounds.The microelectrophoresis method used to investigate the surface charge at the water/oil polar fraction covered silica interface, indicates negatively charged particles. Further, the negative charge increased with the pH, as resulting from the increase of the ionisation and/or the amount of the oil polar carboxylic and phenolic groups. The oil polar fraction, i.e. the asphaltene components, in contact with both the silica surface and water at high pH values rearrange, due to their amphiphilic character.Finally, the use of the silica substrates seems to be suited to extract and analyse polar species present in petroleum oil. A correlation is found between the nature of the oil, its functionalities, and the magnitude of its zeta potential value at the water/oil covered silica interface.     

Autolisp在开发V画面体视图自生成系统中的应用

介绍了近年来体视投影技术的应用及发展，并提出了用AutoCAD的内嵌开发工具Autolisp语言结合Visualisp中的对话框控制语言DCL来开发体视图自动生成系统的新思路．根据V画面体视投影原理，推导出了V画面体视变换矩阵．给出了该系统的程序流程框图及相应的功能模块．并将该系统的界面和基本功能进行了展示，从而为体视自生成技术的研究开辟了新的道路．