Benchmarking reputation systems: A quantitative verification approach

Trust and reputation systems are classes of decision support tools which help detecting malicious behavior based on collecting ratings and opinions. Despite their advantages, these systems are vulnerable to some kinds of attacks in which the attacker can deceive the system using sequences of misleading behaviors. Robustness of reputation systems against these attacks are frequently investigated in the literature. However the existing works usually evaluate the robustness using a qualitative simulation method. Lack of a formal evaluation method and a quantitative measure of robustness make it hard to extend the results and to compare the systems precisely. This paper proposes a quantitative robustness measure for reputation systems based on a formal verification approach. Using the robustness measure and the verification method, a comprehensive benchmarking of a number of well-known reputation systems is presented which includes evaluation of the systems against basic and the worst case attacks. The results are used for ranking and classifying the systems. The studies show that robustness is not an absolute feature of a reputation model, but it also depends on the properties of the environment. The benchmarking results have been also used to indicate the proper environment for each class of systems/attacks.     

Near-field microwave identification and quantitative evaluation of liquid ingress in honeycomb sandwich structures

Honeycomb sandwich structures are susceptible to liquid ingress, which causes a serious degradation of performance. Herein, a near-field microwave nondestructive detection technique was proposed to detect, identify, and quantitatively evaluate liquid ingress in honeycomb sandwich structures. Based on the microwave reflection spectrums, liquids of different polarity properties were identified. The amplitude of reflection microwaves was found nearly linear with respect to the height of the intruding liquids in the near field of the coaxial adapter probe. A simple characteristic peak method (CPM) based on line scans was presented and applied to quantify the size of liquid ingress region, and it turned out to be quite accurate with relative errors less than 0.5%. In summary, the near-field microwave testing technique proposed in this study is effective to detect, identify, and quantify liquid ingress in honeycomb sandwich structures.     

竭染用活性染料的染色特征值及其应用(一)

竭染用活性染料最重要的是提高染色匀染性及重演性。影响这些性能的主要因素是染料对纤维的亲和力、竭染速度、固着速度及染料在纤维上的移染性。染色特征值SERF充分表现出这些因素,并且构成了竭染用活性染料最重要的染色特征,称之为竭染用活性染料的“指纹特征”,对如何选择和应用竭染用活性染料提供定量依据。     

荧光微球免疫层析法定量检测牛乳中酪蛋白

目的研究用荧光微球免疫层析法定量检测牛乳中的酪蛋白。方法本文以酪蛋白为抗原,免疫新西兰大白兔制备抗酪蛋白的多克隆抗体,将纯化后的多克隆抗体通过EDC介导法与荧光微球进行偶联,将滤纸、样品垫、结合垫、NC膜和吸水纸组装成试纸条,用此荧光微球免疫层析法定量检测牛乳中的酪蛋白。结果试纸条在25 min内就能判定结果,最低检测限为100 ng/mL,该方法与BSA、OVA均无交叉反应,具有很好的特异性。检测酪蛋白浓度为100.0、500.0、1000.0 ng/mL的样品,试纸条的批内回收率分别为(89.03±5.2)%、(93.47±6.9)%和(91.2±7.8)%,批间回收率分别为(87.69±6.2)%、(92.73±8.3)%、(89.82±8.5)%。结论初步建立了一种快速、方便、高灵敏度的荧光微球免疫层析方法用以检测牛乳制品中的过敏原——酪蛋白。     

检测鲜草莓中GⅡ型诺如病毒的两种富集方法比较

目的建立鲜草莓中GⅡ型诺如病毒(No V GⅡ)的实时荧光RT-PCR检测方法,评价磁珠富集法和PEG(聚乙二醇)沉淀法对检测草莓中No V GⅡ的适用性,对北京地区采集的18份草莓样品进行检测。方法参照ISO/TS 15216-1《实时荧光RT-PCR方法测定食品中甲型肝炎病毒和诺如病毒水平方法》合成检测No V GⅡ的特异性引物和探针,分别采用磁珠富集法和PEG沉淀法富集病毒,然后提取RNA,建立实时荧光RT-PCR检测方法,并对提取条件进行优化。结果磁珠富集法的最高回收率为1.730%(PBS缓冲液),PEG沉淀法的最高回收率为1.682%(TGBE缓冲液),18份草莓样品均未检出No V GⅡ。结论通过磁珠富集法和PEG沉淀法建立的病毒检测的富集方法均适用于鲜草莓中No V GⅡ的检测。     

Microstructure and phase evolution of micronized ceramic colorants from a pilot plant for inks production

The advent of inkjet printing as digital decoration of ceramic materials has irreversibly modified the industrial decoration technology, imposing companies to change the colorant production process. The inkjet application requires micronized particles in the ultrafine particle size range (smaller than 1 μm). Particles size reduction of ceramic colorants is performed by a high-energy comminution process in wet-operated bead mills, affecting colorants properties. Since a deep knowledge of milling-induced microstructural changes is still lacking, the micronization effects on a set of five industrial ceramic colorants are thoughtfully investigated in this work by simulating the industrial process at a pilot plant. Particle size distribution and energy consumption are monitored during the comminution process. The compositional (including crystallite size and microstrain analysis of the main phases) and morphological variation of four ceramic pigments (yellow zircon, brown spinel, pink malayaite, and green eskolaite) and one dye (blue olivine) is investigated by XRPD (Rietveld method) and SEM analyses. The analytical approach combined with a physical/semiempirical modelling of the colorants elastic features versus the energy demand for particle reduction has yielded details on the nature of the micronization-induced microstructural changes in ceramic colorants. Specifically, the comminution efficiency as well as the crystalline phase stability are related to the intrinsic properties of each colorant. Brittle breakage rather than plastic deformation on comminution are also system dependent. When an euhedral to subhedral crystal habit is maintained a brittle fracture is preserved throughout the comminution progress, while the formation of flake-like particles and particle agglomeration are strong evidences of plastic deformation. The last evidence deals with the material elastic features. Materials with high bulk modulus convert the grinding energy to lattice defects that lead to particle breakage by brittle fractures, while materials with lower bulk modulus convert/dissipate part of the supplied energy in plastic deformations, drastically decreasing the comminution process efficiency.     

基于故障树的数控机床故障诊断算法设计的研究

根据故障树分析法的具体理论基础,以数控机床急停实例分析了算法流程;设计了递归算法、基于BDD图求解MCS算法及模块化分解算法;并进行了故障树相关的定量分析,为基于故障树的数控机床故障诊断奠定了基础。