Metal Single-Site Molecular Complex–MXene Heteroelectrocatalysts Interspersed Graphene Nanonetwork for Efficient Dual-Task of Water Splitting and Metal–Air Batteries

Development of multifunctional electrocatalysts with high efficiency and stability is of great interest in recent energy conversion technologies. Herein, a novel heteroelectrocatalyst of molecular iron complex (Fe_MC)-carbide MXene (Mo₂TiC₂T_x) uniformly embedded in a 3D graphene-based hierarchical network (GrH) is rationally designed. The coexistence of Fe_MC and MXene with their unique interactions triggers optimum electronic properties, rich multiple active sites, and favorite free adsorption energy for excellent trifunctional catalytic activities. Meanwhile, the highly porous GrH effectively promotes a multichannel architecture for charge transfer and gas/ion diffusion to improve stability. Therefore, the Fe_MC–MXene/GrH results in superb performances towards oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in alkaline medium. The practical tests indicate that Zn/Al–air batteries derived from Fe_MC–MXene/GrH cathodic electrodes produce high power densities of 165.6 and 172.7 mW cm⁻², respectively. Impressively, the liquid-state Zn–air battery delivers excellent cycling stability of over 1100 h. In addition, the alkaline water electrolyzer induces a low cell voltage of 1.55 V at 10 mA cm⁻² and 1.86 V at 0.4 A cm⁻² in 30 wt.% KOH at 80 °C, surpassing recent reports. The achievements suggest an exciting multifunctional electrocatalyst for electrochemical energy applications.     

Structural Studies of DNA–Cationic Lipid Complexes Confined in Lithographically Patterned Microchannel Arrays

We have used lithographically patterned microchannel arrays with channel widths ranging from 1 to 20 m, fabricated using electron beam lithography and reactive ion etching, in structural studies of DNA–cationic lipid complexes in confinement. Various techniques have been developed for loading these DNA–membrane complexes into the microchannels or to form the complexes in situ by sequentially depositing DNA and lipid solutions into the microchannels. Optical microscopy studies indicate that such complex formation is strongly influenced by the periodic channel structure even at channel widths much larger than the persistent length of the DNA molecules. Preliminary x-ray diffraction experiments conducted at Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (SSRL) yielded only a weak signal from the lipid bilayers in the complexes. The use of a microfocused x-ray beam produced by the newly developed Bragg–Fresnel optics at a third-generation synchrotron facility may dramatically increase the signal-to-noise ratio and allow observation of orientational as well as positional ordering of DNA molecules induced by the microchannels. Structural control of the DNA–membrane complexes has a broad range of potential applications in gene probe technology and as mesoscopic biomolecular composites.     

Protein Interactome Analysis for Countering Pathogen Drug Resistance

Drug-resistant varieties of pathogens are now a recognized global threat. Insights into the routes for drug resistance in these pathogens are critical for developing more effective antibacterial drugs. A systems-level analysis of the genes, proteins, and interactions involved is an important step to gaining such insights. This paper discusses some of the computational challenges that must be surmounted to enable such an analysis; viz., unreliability of bacterial interactome maps, paucity of bacterial intera...     

基于形态小波的QRS波检测算法

根据心电信号中QRS波群的特点,提出了一种基于小波变换和数学形态学相结合的形态小波检测算法。小波变换方法对突变信号在时频域都具有优异的辨识能力及“可变焦距”的优良特性;数学形态学是基于信号局部特征的,能够在时域上提取信号的峰谷信息。将这两种方法结合起来,利用MIT/BIH心电数据库进行验证,QRS波群的检出率高达99.84%。     

Unexpected products of the allyldiethylamine hydroformylation homogeneously catalyzed by rhodium complexes

Attempts to carry out the hydroformylation of allyldiethylamine homogeneously catalyzed by rhodium complexes led to unexpected formation of N,N,N,N-tetraethyl-1,4-diaminobutane and 4-(diethylamino)-1-butanole as final products. The role of the catalyst on the product formation and the reaction mechanism are briefly discussed.     

Adsorption of organic molecules from aqueous solutions on carbon materials

Adsorption of organic molecules from dilute aqueous solutions on carbon materials is a complex interplay between non-electrostatic and electrostatic interactions. Non-electrostatic interactions are essentially due to dispersion and hydrophobic interactions, whereas the electrostatic or coulombic interactions appear with electrolytes when they are ionized at the experimental conditions used. Both interactions depend on the characteristics of the adsorbent and the adsorptive and the solution chemistry. Among them the carbon surface chemistry has a great influence on both electrostatic and non-electrostatic interactions, and can be considered one of the main factors in the adsorption mechanism from dilute aqueous solutions. In this paper the current knowledge about the fundamental factors that control the adsorption process from aqueous phase will be presented.     

2,6-吡啶基二甲醛双缩(β-巯基乙胺)及其过渡金属配合物的合成

合成了一种新的含硫席夫碱 2 ,6-吡啶基二甲醛双缩 (β-巯基乙胺 ) (H2 L)及其 Cu( )、Cd( )和 Hg( )的配合物 ,并经元素分析、摩尔电导、IR和 1 HNMR谱表征 ,确定了它们的组成和结构     

基于织物电极的心电监测系统

为解决传统动态心电监测存在的一些问题,例如粘性心电电极刺激皮肤、信噪比随使用时间延长而下降、动态心电图仪缺乏实时分析能力等,研制了一种可穿戴心电异常检测系统。制作了有导电织物材料心电电极的穿戴衣,设计了心电信号采集装置,提出了基于分析R-R间期和QRS波群波形的异常心电波形检测算法,在PDA（Personal Digital Assistant）平台上实现了基于该算法的异常心电信号识别软件。通过实际测试,验证了本系统的有效性和可靠性。     

配合物[Cd（phen）2O2]的结构及其与脱氧核糖核酸（DNA）的相互作用

合成一种新的镉配合物[Cd（phen）2O2]（其中phen：1,10-菲哆啉）,并用X射线单晶衍射仪确定配合物的晶体结构,用荧光光谱研究该配合物与脱氧核糖核酸HC-DNA（Hela细胞DNA）的作用规律,用凝胶电泳法研究该配合物对pBR322-DNA的切割作用,从插入方式角度讨论配合物与DNA相互作用机理。     

基于模块度优化的蛋白质网络集团探测与分析

探测蛋白质相互作用网络中的功能模块对于理解生物系统的组织和功能具有重要的意义。目前,普遍的做法是将蛋白质相互作用网络表示成一个图,利用各种图聚类算法来挖掘功能模块。本文采用了基于模块度优化的图聚类算法来探测蛋白质相互作用网络中的集团,从具有2617个节点11855个相互作用的酵母蛋白相互作用网络中探测出68个集团。对于得到的集团,首先从拓扑结构的角度验证其的确是内部连接稠密的子图,然后分析了MIPS数据库中ComplexCat提供的已知的蛋白质复合体与这些集团的重叠情况,发现很多蛋白质复合体完全包含在某些集团中,最后使用超几何聚集分布的P值来分析一个集团对某个特定功能的富集程度,并根据最小的P值对应的功能来注释该集团的主要功能,发现集团中大部分的蛋白质具有相同的功能。研究结果表明,该方法探测的集团具有重要的生物学功能意义。