一种变权灰色组合预测模型在中长期电力负荷预测中的应用

提出了一种基于灰色理论的中长期负荷变权组合预测模型,通过分析负荷曲线走向,对不同变化趋势的阶段组合后建立不同的灰色模型分别进行预测,通过基于累加残差的变权组合预测得到最终结果,简单有效地将变权组合预测应用到电力负荷预测中.实例计算证明了该模型在中长期电力负荷预测中的有效性,该模型兼具了灰色模型的简单性和变权组合预测的精确性.     

纹理分析方法在TM图像信息提取中的应用

最大似然分类法是基于地物光谱信息的，因此无法正确区分光谱特征混淆的地物。本以北京丰台区为实验区，采用纹理分析方法对高分辨率图像的纹理信息进行分析，选取统计指标熵，通过确定熵的最佳阈值，进行边界匹配勾图像的分割，将光谱易混淆地物如菜地和耕地分割开来，并将此分割结果与TM图像分类结果进行叠合，得到最终的分类结果。实验结果表明：将纹理分析方法应用于图像分类中可区分光谱混合的地类，得到较好的分类结果。     

基于灰色系统理论的图象边缘检测新算法

边缘检测是图象特征提取与分析理解的基础,其检测质量直接决定后期理解的效果.寻找一种对噪声不敏感、定位精确、不漏检真边缘又不引入假边缘的检测方法,一直是人们的努力目标.本文尝试与探讨了基于灰色系统理论的图象边缘检测新算法.该算法首先对图象基元的特点进行分析,以确定非边缘点参考序列和待比较序列,然后通过两个序列之间的灰色关联度区分边缘点和非边缘点.实验结果证明,该算法不仅能够较为准确地检测出有用的边缘信息,具有一定的抗噪声能力,而且还可通过调整关联度阈值控制边缘信息量,因此其是一种有效的、具有可调功能的边缘检测新算法.     

Color balancing of digital photos using simple image statistics

The great diffusion of digital cameras and the widespread use of the internet have produced a mass of digital images depicting a huge variety of subjects, generally acquired by unknown imaging systems under unknown lighting conditions. This makes color balancing, recovery of the color characteristics of the original scene, increasingly difficult. In this paper, we describe a method for detecting and removing a color cast (i.e. a superimposed color due to lighting conditions, or to the characteristics of the capturing device), from a digital photo without any a priori knowledge of its semantic content. First a cast detector, using simple image statistics, classifies the input images as presenting no cast, evident cast, ambiguous cast, a predominant color that must be preserved (such as in underwater images or single color close-ups) or as unclassifiable. A cast remover, a modified version of the white balance algorithm, is then applied in cases of evident or ambiguous cast. The method we propose has been tested with positive results on a data set of some 750 photos.     

Solid particle erosion behaviour of hardfacing deposits on cast iron—Influence of deposit microstructure and erodent particles

Solid particle erosion (SPE) behaviour of different hardfacing electrodes deposited on gray cast iron (ASTM 2500) was studied using quartz sand and iron ore as erodent particles. Erosion test was carried out as per ASTM G76 test method. Considerable differences in erosion rates were found among different hardfacing electrodes at normal impact. Both volume fraction of carbides and type of carbides played an important role in the erosion behaviour of the deposits when quartz sand was used as erodent particles. On the other hand, only volume fraction of carbides irrespective of carbide type mainly controlled the erosion rate of the same deposits when iron ore was used as erodent particles. Such difference is attributed due to difference in metal removal mechanisms by the two erodent particles used. Hard quartz sand particles were capable of causing damage to most of the carbides while relatively softer iron ore particles were unable to fracture any carbides present in the microstructures. Furthermore, relatively brittle matrix led to high erosion rate which is significant in case of quartz sand as erodent, but not in case of iron ore particles. Like abrasion resistance, hardness is not a true index of erosion resistance of hardfacing deposits.     

基于综合指标TOPSIS法的电网节点脆弱性评估

提出综合改进指标和逼近理想排序法(Technique for Order preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution,TOPSIS)的方法,实现对节点脆弱度的评估。从结构和状态两个角度,分析当前节点脆弱性评估中的不足,定义电气耦合距离重新度量节点间距,从负载率、负载均衡度和失负荷等角度定义故障影响因子,用二者改进度、凝聚度和紧密度等指标,构建综合脆弱性指标体系。用指标大小对传统信息熵进行修正,解决其中的对称性问题,得到客观权重,根据指标作用设置主观权重,将二者结合得到综合权重。最后,提出多属性决策的思想,运用灰色关联度改进的TOPSIS法,实现节点脆弱度的评估。以IEEE14节点系统为例验证了所提方法的有效性和可行性。     

基于卡诺图的均布式绝对位置编码

提出了一种基于卡诺图的均布式绝对位置编码，介绍了该绝对编码的生成方法及在绝对位置角度传感器中的应用。基于卡诺图的均布式绝对位置编码是一种单码道绝对位置编码，克服了传统位置编码随精度提高而码道增多、工艺上不易实现的缺点，可缩减码盘的直径，为绝对位置角度传感器的高精度、小型化开辟了一条新的途径。     

Sage of Lacock

Abstract

‘The good is oft interred with their bones.’ Much of what has been written of William Henry Fox Talbot has done him meagre justice: criticism for patenting his inventions, accusations that he patented the ideas of others, denigration of the importance of his discoveries. Though acknowledged as a scientist, his place as an artistic worker in the medium he invented has not been appreciated.     

硫对离心铸造汽缸套切削性能的影响

一般来说，硫是有害元素。但对于灰铸铁来讲，含有少量的硫对于石墨的生核和切削性能都有非常重要的影响。在铸造生产过程中通过加入一定量的硫，提高铁液的含硫量，从而使铸件获得更好的切削性能。     

基于RPCA的SAR图像纹理特征去噪

合成孔径雷达(SAR)图像具有丰富的纹理信息,这些纹理信息能反映地物空间结构关系。当前纹理特征被广泛应用于SAR图像分类和SAR图像分割中。受成像因素影响,直接采用从SAR图像中提取的纹理特征效果不够好。为避免传统先滤波再提取纹理特征的方法对纹理、边缘信息造成损失,提出了一种先提取SAR图像纹理特征,再利用Robust PCA方法对纹理特征去噪的新方法,最后采用Kmeans聚类方法检验RPCA处理后的纹理特征表达效果。实验结果表明该方法能将聚类正确率从82%提高到84%。