基于供应链的汽车协配件供应商选择方法研究

针对供应链中汽车协配件供应商的评价和选择 ,分别从供应商的技术开发能力 ,产品的质量及质量保证能力 ,价格的合理性 ,供货能力、服务水平等方面构建了两层评价指标 ,同时考虑到有关数据和指标难免带有一定的模糊性和主观性 ,因此应用模糊综合评判方法建立了供应商选择的模糊多目标多层次综合模型 ,并以MFD载重车公司为例进行了实证研究。     

功能梯度材料组元设计的研究进展

综述目前功能梯度材料的国内外研究情况,从双组元和多组元设计角度着重阐述目前研究进展。展望今后功能梯度材料组元设计的发展方向。     

零部件制造商加工制造能力考核评价方法的研究

在全球经济一体化的环境下,复杂产品的制造是由多个制造商共同完成。为考核不同制造商零部件的加工能力,需要对制造商的加工能力进行分析。在简单叙述多色集合和多色图的基础上,运用多色集合理论及多色图,建立了产品加工系统的数学模型,然后根据多色集合的析取和合取形式,对制造商的加工能力给出了分析预测的数学公式和方法。用案例说明了应用上述理论的步骤和方法。     

夹绳器专用电磁铁的设计

通过对一种电梯上行超速保护装置广泛采用的夹绳器的简单分析．引出了安全部件所用的电磁铁的性能要求．详细分析了直流电磁铁的时间特性．给出了优化直流电磁铁时间特性的几种方法。     

Environmental labelling of timber-framed dwellings and their building components

Demands by customers for environmentally better products produced under economically sound conditions are increasing steadily. Wood has a lower environmental impact than most of the competing materials used in the building sector. However, for reliable customer information, environmental impact verification methods for timber-frame houses are needed. The Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) is a forest certification scheme operating at a global level. It relies upon a performancebased standard that includes specific performance measures that can be used as a basis for product labelling; minimizing the environmental impact is covered by one of the FSC's ten principles. A case study of a customized timber-frame house illustrates the possibility of using the FSC percentage-based volume criteria as an environmental labelling, ensuring criteria that the wood products come from well-managed forests. The case study demonstrates not only the simplicity, but also the drawbacks of applying the FSC labelling to complex wood products such as houses, and an analysis of a proposed model gives insights into how the FSC labelling can be extended for houses by incorporating building functional and service-life criteria.

Les consommateurs demandent de plus en plus de produits qui soient meilleurs pour l'environnement et qui sont fabriqués dans de bonnes conditions économiques. L'impact du bois sur l'environnement est plus faible que celui de la plupart des matériaux qui le concurrencent et qui sont utilisés dans le secteur de la construction. Toutefois, pour que les informations fournies aux consommateurs soient fiables, il faut avoir recours à des méthodes de vérification de l'impact des maisons à charpente en bois sur l'environnement. Le FSC (Forest Stewardship Council) est un organisme d'homologation forestier présent dans le monde entier. Il s'appuie sur une norme basée sur les performances qui inclut des mesures de performances spécifiques pouvant servir de base à l'étiquetage des produits ; la réduction de l'impact sur l'environnement est couverte par l'un des dix principes du FSC. Une étude de cas portant sur une maison à charpente en bois « sur mesure » illustre les possibilités d'utilisation des critères de volume du FSC (pourcentages) en tant qu'étiquette environnementale, ces critères garantissant que les produits du bois proviennent de forêts bien gérées. Cette étude de cas fait non seulement la preuve de la simplicité mais expose aussi les inconvénients de l'application de l'étiquetage FSC à des produits en bois complexes tels que les maisons; l'analyse d'un modèle proposé donne des éléments informatifs sur la possibilité d'étendre l'étiquetage FSC à des maisons en incorporant des critères fonctionnels et de service.     

Legal reform and the devolution of the Spanish Port System: An econometric assessment

Successive changes to the legal framework affecting the Spanish Port System have been implemented over the last 25 years, forcing maritime operators to adapt to new rules. Based on a comprehensive literature review of studies addressing Spanish port devolution, our paper provides the most up-to-date evaluation of the impacts of these changes. Apart from the correlation between port activity and the economic cycle, an encouraging finding highlighted here is that legal reforms underpinned by broad political and port community consensus appear to be effective in attracting passenger and container traffic.     

Method for determining novolac glycidyl ether (NOGE) and its chlorohydrins in oily canned foods

In order to be analysed, NOGE components with epoxy groups must be separated from polar food material to prevent losses through uncontrolled reactions. Samples are homogenized minimally and extracted into a phase of minimized polarity. The NOGE components are then separated from the oil by extraction into acetonitrile and analysed by RPLC with fluorescence detection. Hydrolysis of the epoxy and chlorohydroxy functions to diols may help the analysis. Application and limitations of the method are illustrated by examples. Detection limits vary widely, depending on interfering food components, but legal limits below 1mg/kg can hardly be reliably enforced.     

Is it possible to predict gas yields of any biomass after rapid pyrolysis at high temperature from its composition in cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin?

Ligno-cellulosic biomass from different sources presents very variable compositions. Consequently, there is a wide variation in the nature and quantities of gaseous products obtained after thermal treatment of biomasses.The objective of this work is to establish a link between the composition of a biomass and its pyrolysis gas yields and composition. Experimental flash pyrolysis of several biomasses at a temperature of 950 °C and a gas residence time of about 2 s was carried out. An attempt was then made to predict gas yields of any biomass according to its composition. We show that an additivity law does not allow the gas yields of a biomass to be correlated with its fractions of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Several potential explanations are then offered and quantitatively demonstrated: it is shown that interactions occur between compounds and that mineral matter influences the pyrolysis process.     

Formal verification of component-based designs

Embedded systems are becoming increasingly common in our everyday lives. As technology progresses, these systems become more and more complex, and designers handle this increasing complexity by reusing existing components (Intellectual Property blocks). At the same time, the systems must fulfill strict requirements on reliability and correctness. This paper proposes a formal verification methodology which smoothly integrates with component-based system-level design using a divide and conquer approach. The methodology assumes that the system consists of several reusable components, each of them already formally verified by their designers. The components are considered correct given that the environment satisfies certain properties imposed by the component. The methodology verifies the correctness of the glue logic inserted between the components and the interaction of the components through the glue logic. Each such glue logic is verified one at a time using model checking techniques. Experimental results have shown the efficiency of the proposed methodology and demonstrated that it is feasible to apply such a verification methodology on real-life examples.     

Office办公组件间的数据转换

通过调用相应的命令。进行合理的设置．能在多个办公组件之间进行一些数据的相互转换。形成资源共享。