Agronomic Characteristics of Lettuce Grown with Monoammonium Phosphate in Sandy Soil

Information related to phosphate fertilization and coated phosphate fertilizer in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is scarce. Thus, this study was carried out to evaluate the agronomic efficiency, production, and nutritional characteristics of coated monoammonium phosphate (MAP) in two subsequent crops with lettuce cv. Solaris. The experimental design was completely randomized (2 x 5 factorial experiment): two sources of phosphorus (P) (MAP and coated MAP), five applications (0; 75; 150; 300; and 600 mg phosphorus pentoxide (P₂O₅) kg^?1) with four replications. In the first crop, there was a greater accumulation of P in plants shoot with the application of coated MAP until 150 mg P₂O₅ kg^?1 dose, surpassed by MAP after this dose. On the second crop, fresh mass and the accumulation of P in the leaves were higher than the uncoated MAP. In both crops, the agronomic efficiency of P fertilization decreased with increase in the amount of phosphorus applied in lettuce cultivation.     

保水剂对土壤温度和水分动态的影响

为了研究保水剂对土壤温度和水分动态变化的影响,在河北农业大学实验基地,对青海“绿宝”公司提供的3种剂型保水剂施入土壤后的混剂土进行土壤温度和水分运动规律的测定。结果表明：土壤中加入保水剂后能够调节土壤温度的变化,提高土壤的保温性能,使土壤的昼夜温差减小;对土壤水分的蒸发有明显的抑制效应,混剂土中的水分会向四周的干燥土壤扩散,其扩散距离是对照的2倍,而含水率仍在16％～19％之间,土壤中加入保水剂后,混剂土所保持的水分86．7％～88．4％为有效水（0～1．5MPa）。随保水剂用量的增加,混剂土的保温效果、抑制水分蒸发效果越好,土壤水分扩散相同的距离,混剂土的含水量越高,从而为植物提供充足的水分,有利于植物的生长发育。     

保水剂在农业生产上的应用研究

针对当前生态环建设及节水农业发展所产生的技术需求,简述保水剂在农业生产上的应用研究,并探讨了保水剂农用研究存在的问题。     

Disguising the Leaf Surface: The Use of Leaf Coatings for Plant Disease Control

The ability of fungal pathogens to develop resistance to fungicides and to overcome genetic resistance in their hosts, coupled with growing public concern for the environment, means that there is an urgent need for novel methods of disease control. The leaf surface provides the first barrier that fungi must overcome in order to gain access to the leaf, but it also provides chemical and physical cues that are necessary for the development of infection structures for many fungal pathogens. Film-forming polymers can coat the leaf surface, acting not just as an extra barrier to infection, but also disguising the cues necessary for germling development. Kaolin particle films can envelop the leaf in a hydrophobic particle film barrier that prevents spores or water from directly contacting the leaf surface and as a result, can suppress infection. Adhesion of fungal spores to the leaf surface, which is important to keep spores on the leaf surface and for appropriate development of the fungus on the leaf surface, can be inhibited, leading to reduced infection and lesion development. Polymer and particle films have been shown to provide disease control in the field, while research on agents that inhibit spore adhesion on leaf surfaces is still in its infancy. There is an urgent need for research on the practicality of using these novel methods under field conditions and on ways of integrating them into current crop protection programmes.     

蔗糖基聚合物在茶树菇栽培中的应用研究

[目的]研究蔗糖基聚合物对茶树菇产量及品质的影响,为蔗糖基聚合物应用于茶树菇生产提供参考依据。[方法]用1．0％的蔗糖基聚合物水溶液对茶树菇进行3种栽培处理,茶树菇的产量、生物学效率以及品质性状被测定。[结果]结果表明,蔗糖基聚合物应用于茶树菇栽培具有显著的增产增效作用,其中,蔗糖基聚合物以拌料处理增产效果最优,增产率达28．4％,生物学效应达75．4％;而现蕾后以喷施处理对茶树菇品质提高有显著作用,蛋白质、多糖和Vc含量分别提高了26．1％、18．6％和2．1％。[结论]蔗糖基聚合物可以作为一种新型食用菌生长调节剂,应用于茶树菇生产。     

休闲期耕作方式和施用保水剂对旱地小麦产量及水分利用率的影响

为探讨提高旱地麦田休闲期土壤蓄水保水能力、保证旱地小麦稳产高产的有效途径,本研究采用双因素裂区试验,主区为耕作方式(深松、深翻和旋耕),副区为保水剂施用量(0、45、90 kg·hm^-2),研究了耕作方式和施用保水剂对土壤含水量、土壤养分、旱地小麦产量和水分利用率的影响,并分析了土壤含水量、生育期耗水量与旱地小麦产量及其构成因素和水分利用率之间的相关关系。结果表明,与休闲期旋耕相比,休闲期深松提高了播前20~160 cm土层的土壤含水量,休闲期深翻提高了播前0~20 cm和60~140 cm土层的土壤含水量,加速了收获期20~200 cm土层的水分利用;并通过增加穗数和穗粒数使旱地小麦产量分别提高了12.63%和6.88%,显著提高了水分利用率和降水利用率,20~40 cm土层有机质、碱解氮、速效磷含量总体提高。休闲期耕作,配施保水剂45 kg·hm^-2显著提高了旱地小麦休闲期蓄水保水能力、水分利用率和产量。休闲期深松增产效果和提高水分利用率效果优于休闲期深翻。旱地小麦产量和降水利用率与播前60~120 cm土层含水量呈正相关。本研究结果为晋南旱地小麦优化耕作方式和保水剂施用量提高产量和水分利用率提供了理论依据,对旱地小麦稳产高产、减小年际间产量波动具有重要意义。     

保水剂在草坪中的应用研究进展

针对当前草坪绿地灌溉节水的需要,概述了保水剂的特性、作用机理及其应用概况,从应用方法、应用效果、包衣技术及其影响因素等方面综述了保水剂在草坪中的应用研究进展,并对该领域研究中存在的问题和发展前景进行了探讨。     

蔗糖基聚合物对茂谷柑采后抗氧化系统的影响

[目的]研究蔗糖基聚合物对茂谷柑的保鲜效果。[方法]用0.5%、0.7%、1.0%浓度的蔗糖基聚合物对茂谷柑进行采后处理,研究其对茂谷柑的丙二醛含量(MDA)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性的影响。[结果]采后进行蔗糖基聚合物处理茂谷柑,可以提高SOD、CAT活性,降低MDA含量和POD活性。[结论]蔗糖基聚合物在延缓果实组织的衰老,减少营养物质的消耗,延长贮藏寿命方面有较好的效果。     

分子印迹技术在茶叶功能成份分离与分析中的应用

分子印迹技术是一项新兴的分子识别技术,特异的识别性能使其在许多领域得到广泛的研究与应用。本文概述了分子印迹原理和特点,重点介绍了分子印迹聚合物在分离、分析领域的研究现状,同时对该技术在茶叶研究中的应用进展和今后的发展方向作了阐述。     

Laboratory and field tests of spray-dried and granular formulations of a Bacillus thuringiensis strain with insecticidal activity against the sugarcane borer

Formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt) with insecticidal activity against the sugarcane borer, Diatraea saccharalis Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), were developed and tested under laboratory and field conditions. The formulations were prepared using biodegradable polymers such as modified corn starch as an encapsulating agent, gelatin as an adherent, powdered sugarcane as a feeding stimulant and a Bt var. kurstaki GM-34 strain from a non-sugarcane region as the active ingredient. The spore-crystal complex of this strain was mixed at three different concentrations (30, 70 and 100 g kg(-1)) with the other ingredients. The blends were prepared as spray-dried and granular formulations, and then submitted to laboratory tests with two day old larvae of D. saccharalis and field tests in sugarcane crops with natural sugarcane borer infestation. Spray-dried formulations in laboratory bioassays caused mortality near 100% with all three concentrations, and granular formulations caused mortality around 84%. The field tests showed that spray-dried formulations at 70 and 100 g kg(-1) concentrations were as effective as a commercial bioinsectide (Lepinox), while granular formulations were ineffective.