低相对分子质量肝素联合护理干预预防肿瘤患者PICC置管后深静脉血栓形成

目的对经外周静脉置入中心静脉导管(PICC)术后深静脉血栓(DVT)发生规律进行相关探讨,同时探究低相对分子质量肝素(LMWH)对肿瘤患者PICC置管后深静脉血栓的预防效果。方法选择2014年3月至2016年10月期间600例PICC置管术后患者DVT的发生情况进行统计分析,并统计观察期间PICC置管术后发生DVT的患者使用LMWH并进行护理干预后深静脉血栓复发情况,将同期PICC置管术后未应用LMWH的患者设为对照组,并进行比较。结果 PICC置管术后DVT发生率为7.00%,其与伴糖尿病或高血压、冠心病、感染、长期卧床、D二聚体增高有明显的关系;应用LMWH后,PICC置管术后发生DVT的患者深静脉血栓发生率为0.00%,PICC置管术后未应用过LMWH的患者DVT发生率为7.00%,差异显著(P0.05)。结论肿瘤患者PICC置管后发生DVT概率较高,其与伴糖尿病或高血压、冠心病、感染、长期卧床、D二聚体增高有明显的关系;通过LMWH的使用以及积极的护理干预能对DVT的发生率进行显著的减少,同时具有很高的安全性。     

Administration of low-molecular-weight heparin in patients with two or more unsuccessful IVF/ICSI cycles: a multicenter cohort study

To compare the effects of the administration of low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) in subfertile patients with two or more unsuccessful IVF/ICSI cycles. In this six-center two-arm retrospective cohort study, the study population (230 women) underwent a GnRH-antagonist protocol and was classified into two groups, according to the couse of LMWH or not. Groups were compared regarding the clinical and IVF/ICSI cycle characteristics and reproductive outcomes, whereas clinical pregnancy and miscarriage constituted the primary endpoints. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the potential predictors of clinical pregnancy, miscarriage and live birth rates using the Enter method. Baseline characteristics were comparable in the two groups. There was no statistically significant difference between the two study groups with regard neither to clinical pregnancy and miscarriage rates (33/133 vs. 20/97, p?=?.456 and 15/133 vs. 9/97, p?=?.624, respectively), nor to the secondary outcomes preset for this study (all p values?>.05). Logistic regression revealed that age of the woman and ICSI and dose of gonadotrophins used were predictors of clinical pregnancy and live birth, respectively. In conclusion, there is no evidence to support the standard addition of LMWH in patients with two or more unsuccessful IVF/ICSI cycles.     

Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia and Vascular Surgery

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is of special interest to vascular surgeons as heparin is the predominant anticoagulant used before, during, and after vascular surgery. Further, the prothrombotic nature of this antibody-mediated disorder leads to a high frequency of limb ischemia due to large arterial occlusion by platelet-rich (“white”) clots or because of extensive venous thrombosis involving large veins and small venules. This latter syndrome has been associated with coumarin anticoagulation of HIT-associated deep-vein thrombosis (coumarin-induced venous limb gangrene). Non-heparin anticoagulants, such as the direct thrombin inhibitors (lepirudin, argatroban), may be needed for intraoperative management of a patient with suspected acute HIT who requires vascular surgery. The transience of HIT antibodies provides a rationale for intraoperative use of heparin in a patient who has recovered from HIT and in whom HIT antibodies are no longer detectable.     

低分子肝素联合尿激酶治疗急性心肌梗死的临床研究

目的探讨低分子肝素与尿激酶在急性心肌梗死患者中的联合应用价值。方法选择急性心肌梗死患者104例，随机将患者分为研究组和对照组。对照组患者给予常规治疗，研究组患者加用低分子量肝素钠注射液与注射用尿激酶的药物联合治疗方案，比较两组患者的临床治疗情况。结果研究组患者的显著进步率和总有效率较对照组患者均明显提高，分别达到63.46％和92.31％，而无效率则明显减少，仅为7．69％，并且均呈现出统计学差异（P〈0.05）。结论低分子肝素联合尿激酶对急性心肌梗死患者临床治疗效果的改善具有极其重要的临床意义。     

The difficult balance between thrombosis and bleeding after transcatheter aortic valve replacement: A translational review

The difficult balance between thrombosis and bleeding after transcatheter aortic valve replacement. TAVR: transcatheter aortic valve replacement.

     

Assessment of Multiplate platelet aggregometry using citrate,heparin or hirudin in Rhesus macaques

Electrical impedance aggregometry (EIA) has gained popularity in clinical and research applications. Nonhuman primates are used to study disease and drug-related mechanisms that affect hemostasis, therefore establishing normal EIA parameters are necessary. The anticoagulants sodium heparin, hirudin and sodium citrate and three agonists, ADP, ASPI, and collagen were evaluated. Whole blood from 12 adult male rhesus macaques was collected to evaluate anticoagulants, sodium heparin, hirudin and sodium citrate using three agonists (ADP, ASPI and collagen), on the Multiplate® 5.0 Analyzer. Platelet function was reported for three parameters: Area under the curve (AUC), aggregation, and aggregation velocity. There was a significant difference in mean AUC between citrate and heparin samples, and citrate and hirudin samples regardless of the agonist used. There was no difference in AUC between heparin and hirudin. ADP-activated samples showed an increase in impedance with hirudin samples compared to citrate. Furthermore, heparin and hirudin out-perform citrate as the anticoagulant for EIA in the macaque. Finally, this study demonstrates the utility of the Multiplate® system in this model and provides important insight into anticoagulant choice when using EIA.     

低分子肝素钙治疗肺心病并呼吸衰竭的临床价值研究

目的探讨肺源性心脏病(肺心病)并呼吸衰竭患者运用低分子肝素钙进行治疗的临床应用价值。方法72例肺心病并呼吸衰竭患者,应用随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,每组36例。对照组患者采取常规治疗,观察组患者在对照组上采用低分子肝素钙治疗。对比两组患者治疗前后动脉血气指标[氧分压(PaO2)、二氧化碳分压(PaCO2)及酸碱度(pH)值]及治疗效果。结果治疗前,两组患者的PaO2、PaCO2、pH值水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,观察组患者的PaO2(9.36±1.02)kPa明显高于对照组的(7.78±0.98)kPa,PaCO2(6.33±0.97)kPa明显低于对照组的(7.65±1.28)kPa,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组患者pH值比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组患者总有效率为97.22%,显著高于对照组的83.33%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论针对肺心病并呼吸衰竭患者运用低分子肝素钙进行治疗,可有效改善患者的血气指标,提高治疗效果,具有较高的临床价值。