过氧化氢低温等离子体灭菌器及其生物指示物应用现状调查

目的了解医疗机构中过氧化氢低温等离子体灭菌器及其生物指示物的应用状况。方法采用问卷调查和现场查看形式,对江苏省部分医疗机构使用中的过氧化氢低温等离子体灭菌器及其生物指示剂生物负载进行调查与测试。结果共调查江苏省市级医疗机构97家,其中67家拥有过氧化氢低温等离子体灭菌器,拥有率为88.16%。过氧化氢低温等离子体灭菌器的灭菌效果均采用生物指示剂进行定期监测,所使用的生物指示剂的回收菌量合格率为35.48%。结论江苏省医疗机构过氧化氢低温等离子体灭菌器拥有率较高,其灭菌效果监测专用生物指示剂多数不符合标准,亟待规范。     

血浆替代血清行常规生化检测缩短正流转时间的可行性探讨

目的探讨肝素锂抗凝血浆替代血清进行常规生化检测缩短正流转时间(TAT)的可行性。方法应用日立H7600-20全自动生化分析仪对抽取的110例患者肝素锂抗凝血浆和血清中的35项生化检测结果进行比对分析。结果在肝素锂抗凝血浆与血清的35项生化检测结果中,清蛋白(ALB)、γ-谷氨酰基转移酶(GGT)、总胆汁酸(TBA)、总胆红素(TB)、氯(Cl)、钙(Ca)、镁(Mg)、肌酐(CRE)、尿素(BUN)、尿酸(UA)、胱抑素C(CysC)、β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG)、肌酸激酶(CK)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)共16项指标的检测结果比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);而钠离子(Na+)、钾离子(K+)、二氧化碳(CO2)、磷(P)、铁(Fe)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、总蛋白(TP)、前清蛋白(PreA)、α-L-岩藻糖苷酶(AFU)、三酰甘油(TG)、总胆固醇(TCH)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、载脂蛋白A1(ApoA1)、载脂蛋白B(ApoB)、脂蛋白a[Lp(a)]、血糖(GLU)、直接胆红素(DB)共19项指标的检测结果比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论肝素锂抗凝血浆与血清中常规生化检测结果不完全一致,肝素锂抗凝血浆可选择性地替代血清进行部分急诊生化检测以缩短TAT。     

联合检测脐血与外周动脉血pH值对评估新生儿缺氧缺血性脑损伤的临床价值

目的测定新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病(HIE)患儿脐血及外周动脉血pH值,探讨其对新生儿HIE的临床诊断价值。方法选择2011年6月至2013年6月产科自然分娩的足月新生儿917例,于出生后第1声啼哭前采集脐带血,检测脐动脉血pH值;对其中生后1min Apgar评分小于或等于7分的138例新生儿于出生1h抽取外周动脉血进行血气分析。分析其与新生儿HIE的关系。结果 917例脐动脉血pH范围为7.22~7.51,平均pH值为7.31±0.14,pH7.10作为预测新生儿HIE的指标时其阳性预测值为55.38%,灵敏度60.00%,特异度96.61%,脐带血联合出生后1h动脉血pH值预测HIE的阳性预测值95.74%、灵敏度88.26%,特异度97.10%。联合检测同单独检测比较,具有较高的灵敏度及阳性预测值。结论对于脐血pH7.10的新生儿应当于生后复查外周动脉血pH值,脐血联合生后1h动脉血pH值测定能客观评价新生儿出生时的状况,对新生儿HIE的预测具有较高的临床价值。     

Stem cell bioengineering strategies to widen the therapeutic applications of haematopoietic stem/progenitor cells from umbilical cord blood

Umbilical cord blood (UCB) transplantation has observed a significant increase in recent years, due to the unique features of UCB haematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSCs) for the treatment of blood‐related disorders. However, the low cell numbers available per UCB unit significantly impairs the widespread use of this source for transplantation of adult patients, resulting in graft failure, delayed engraftment and delayed immune reconstitution. In order to overcome this issue, distinct approaches are now being considered in clinical trials, such as double‐UCB transplantation, intrabone injection or ex vivo expansion. In this article the authors review the current state of the art, future trends and challenges on the ex vivo expansion of UCB HSCs, focusing on culture parameters affecting the yield and quality of the expanded HSC grafts: novel HSC selection schemes prior to cell culture, cytokine/growth factor cocktails, the impact of biochemical factors (e.g. O₂) or the addition of supportive cells, e.g. mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSC)‐based feeder layers) were addressed. Importantly, a critical challenge in cellular therapy is still the scalability, reproducibility and control of the expansion process, in order to meet the clinical requirements for therapeutic applications. Efficient design of bioreactor systems and operation modes are now the focus of many bioengineers, integrating the increasing 'know‐how' on HSC biology and physiology, while complying with the GMP standards for the production of cellular products, i.e. through the use of commercially available, highly controlled, disposable technologies. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Effect of transient scrotal hyperthermia on sperm parameters,seminal plasma biochemical markers,and oxidative stress in men

In this experimental prospective study, we aimed to analyze the effect of transient scrotal hyperthermia on the male reproductive organs, from the perspective of sperm parameters, semen plasma biochemical markers, and oxidative stress, to evaluate whether different frequencies of heat exposure cause different degrees of damage to spermatogenesis. Two groups of volunteers (10 per group) received testicular warming in a 43°C water bath 10 times, for 30 min each time: group 1: 10 consecutive days; group 2: once every 3 days. Sperm parameters, epididymis and accessory sex gland function, semen plasma oxidative stress and serum sex hormones were tested before treatment and in the 16-week recovery period after treatment. At last, we found an obvious reversible decrease in sperm concentration (P = 0.005 for Group 1 and P= 0.008 for Group 2 when the minimums were compared with baseline levels, the same below), motility (P = 0.009 and 0.021, respectively), the hypoosmotic swelling test score (P = 0.007 and 0.008, respectively), total acrosin activity (P = 0.018 and 0.009, respectively), and an increase in the seminal plasma malondialdehyde concentration (P = 0.005 and 0.017, respectively). The decrease of sperm concentration was greater for Group 2 than for Group 1 (P = 0.031). We concluded that transient scrotal hyperthermia seriously, but reversibly, negatively affected the spermatogenesis, oxidative stress may be involved in this process. In addition, intermittent heat exposure more seriously suppresses the spermatogenesis compared to consecutive heat exposure. This may be indicative for clinical infertility etiology analysis and the design of contraceptive methods based on heat stress.     

改良Clavien分级系统在经尿道前列腺等离子双极电切术围手术期并发症中的应用

目的采用改良的Clavien分级系统对经尿道前列腺等离子双极电切术(PKRP)围手术期的并发症进行回顾性分级。方法对2013年1~12月间171例行PKRP的良性前列腺增生(BPH)患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,依据前列腺体积将患者分为3组:<40mL(A组)、40~79mL(B组)、≥80mL(C组),采用改良的Clavien分级系统对围手术期并发症进行分析。结果住院期间,共有34例患者发生并发症43例次,总的并发症发生率为19.9%(34/171),其中并发症发生率A组为11.5%(3/26)、B组20.7%(18/87)、C组22.4%(13/58)。3组间比较,差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.405,P>0.05)。43例次并发症中,Ⅰ级22例次、Ⅱ级16例次、Ⅲa级1例次、Ⅳa级3例次、Ⅳb级1例次,无Ⅲb级和Ⅴ级(死亡)并发症。结论采用改良的Clavien分级系统,不需要处理或不需要介入治疗的ClavienⅠ、Ⅱ级并发症占绝大多数(88.4%),而ClavienⅢ级(2.3%)及ClavienⅣ级(9.3%)并发症较少见,无ClavienⅤ级并发症。改良的Clavien分级系统是一种有效的方法,能成功地应用于PKRP术后并发症的分级。     

Subacute posttraumatic ascending myelopathy: A case report and review of literature

Subacute posttraumatic ascending myelopathy is a rare disorder, unrelated to syrinx formation or mechanical instability, which may gradually emerge within the first 1-2 weeks after a spinal cord injury and may lead to diagnostic and prognostic dilemmas. We present a case of 24-year-old female with unstable wedge compression fracture of L₁ vertebrae with signal changes in the upper lumbar cord causing complete paraplegia below D₉ with bladder and bowel involvement. In the subsequent week, she developed a delayed progressively increasing neurological deficit with cord signal abnormality on MRI extending cephalad from the injury site to the upper dorsal cord. The patient had no initial clinical improvement initially but showed a delayed recovery over months.