应用ROC曲线分析cTnI和CK-MB对AMI的诊断价值

目的应用ROC曲线分析肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)和CK-MB对心肌梗死(AM)的诊断价值。方法胶体金免疫层析法(GICA)测定病例组与健康对照组的血清cTnI,血清CK-MB测定采用速率法,并对cTnI和CK-MB进行统计学比较(t检验)和ROC分析。结果cTnI在心肌梗死诊断中的敏感度为96.2%,特异度为93.9%,阳性结果预测值为94.4%,准确度为95,1%;CK-MB的敏感度为84.9%,特异度为95.9%阳性结果预测值为91.8%,准确度为90.2%;cTnI的ROC曲线下面积AUC=0.97,CK-MB的AUC=0.89。结论胶体金免疫层析法(CICA)测定cTnI可以作为诊断心肌梗死的快速诊断指标,并优于CK-MB指标。     

中国产8种甘草的理论分类及亲缘关系的理论判别

目的:根据广义生物遗传与变异信息理论方程推导的2个生物相似度常数Pg1=69％,Pg2=61％及生物亲缘关系判别函数Pg=1/lnNd对中国产8种甘草进行理论分类及亲缘关系判别,并提出了生物的理论品种概念.方法:基于8种甘草所含有的59种代表性黄酮类化合物,计算各种甘草之间的共有成分率及变异成分率,采用2个常数及判别函...     

The Impact of Patient Access to Their Electronic Health Record on Medication Management Safety: A Narrative Review

IntroductionAs the American’s Federal Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) stated that patients should be allowed to review their medical records, and as information technology is ever more widely used by healthcare professionals and patients, providing patients with online access to their own medical records through a patient portal is becoming increasingly popular. Previous research has been done regarding the impact on the quality and safety of patients’ care, rather than explicitly on medication safety, when providing those patients with access to their electronic health records (EHRs).AimThis narrative review aims to summarise the results from previous studies on the impact on medication management safety concepts of adult patients accessing information contained in their own EHRs.ResultA total of 24 studies were included in this review. The most two commonly studied measures of safety in medication management were: (a) medication adherence and (b) patient-reported experience. Other measures, such as: discrepancies, medication errors, appropriateness and Adverse Drug Events (ADEs) were the least studied.ConclusionThe results suggest that providing patients with access to their EHRs can improve medication management safety. Patients pointed out improvements to the safety of their medications and perceived stronger medication control. The data from these studies lay the foundation for future research.     

乙酰半胱氨酸颗粒在健康人体的生物等效性研究

目的：建立人血浆乙酰半胱氨酸浓度测定方法,研究乙酰半胱氨酸颗粒在健康人体内的相对生物利用度与生物等效性。方法采用二制剂三周期自身对照完全三交叉试验设计,其中每位受试者有一周期不服药,健康男性受试者24例分别单剂量口服乙酰半胱氨酸受试制剂或参比制剂0.6 g。高效液相色谱串联质谱法测定血浆乙酰半胱氨酸浓度,应用DAS 3.0版统计软件计算药动学参数并评价两种制剂生物等效性。结果单剂量口服乙酰半胱氨酸颗粒受试制剂和参比制剂0.6 g的主要药动学参数：AUC0→t分别为(8547.64±2860.04)和(8783.07±4042.10)μg·h·L-1;AUC0→∞分别为(9481.64±3444.76)和(9540.51±4239.30)μg·h·L-1;Cmax分别为(1994.39±726.42)和(2090.27±885.46)μg·L-1;tmax分别为(1.18±0.60)和(1.13±0.53) h;t1/2分别为(8.60±3.76)和(7.75±5.01) h;相对生物利用度以AUC0→t和AUC0→∞计算分别为(107.0±43.3)％和(106.5±40.1)％。结论乙酰半胱氨酸颗粒两种制剂具有生物等效性。     

米托蒽醌聚乳酸缓释毫微粒冻干针剂在动物体内的靶向性研究

目的：比较肝靶向米托蒽醌聚乳酸缓释毫微粒（ＤＨＡＱ－ＰＬＡ－ＮＰ）冻干针剂和ＤＨＡＱ水针剂在小鼠体内的分布规律,验证前者的肝靶向性。方法：采用ＨＰＬＣ法测定静注ＤＨＡＱ－ＰＬＡ－ＮＰ和ＤＨＡＱ水针剂后小鼠血液、心、肝、脾、肺、肾的药物浓度,由此计算各器官的相对百分含量。结果：ＤＨＡＱ－ＰＬＡ－ＮＰ冻干针剂在肝脏的分布明显高于ＤＨＡＱ水针剂,在其它器官中的含量则低于水针剂,给药２４小时后药物在肝中的     

佐匹克隆片在健康志愿者的生物等效性研究

目的：评价两种佐匹克隆片的生物等效性。方法：采用两制剂双周期交叉试验的方法,24名男性健康受试志愿者分别口服佐匹克隆分散片试验药或对照药7．5mg,采用高效液相荧光法测定佐匹克隆的浓度,用3p97软件进行生物等效性评价。结果：试验药与对照药的主要药动学参数：t1／2分别为（5．40±1．72）,（5．62±1．95）h;Cmax分别为（72．68±11．59）,（77．98±15．06）ng·ml^-1;tmax分别为（1．45±0．64）,（1．33±0．34）h;AUC0-24h分别为（322．09±40．20）,（336．70±39．65）μg·h^-1·L^-1.结论：两种佐匹克隆片生物等效。     

粉防己碱微透析探针体外回收率影响因素研究

目的 考察浓度、温度、时间对粉防己碱微透析探针相对回收率(RR)的影响.方法 利用增量法、减量法进行粉防己碱微透析探针体外回收率的比较研究,采用HPLC测定粉防己碱微透析取样后的样品浓度,利用探针回收率公式计算探针的RR.结果 在相同浓度下,两种方法测定RR均随流速增加而减小;减量法与增量法测定的RR相近:在相同流速下,浓度对RR的影响不大;RR在8 h内保持稳定;RR随温度的上升明显增加.结论 利用减量法测定的探针回收率与增量法接近;采用2μL·min-1流速灌流,每隔15 min取样的参数设定适于粉防己碱微透析研究;RR随温度的上升明显增加,提示在粉防己碱的药代动力学/药效学等体内研究中要保持动物体温恒定,从而减少温度对回收率的影响.     

Novel flavonoid-based biodegradable nanoparticles for effective oral delivery of etoposide by P-glycoprotein modulation: an in vitro,ex vivo and in vivo investigations

Abstract

A receptor level interaction of etoposide with P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and subsequent intestinal efflux has an adverse effect on its oral absorption. The present work is aimed to enhance the bioavailability of etoposide by co-administering it with quercetin (a P-gp inhibitor) in dual-loaded polymeric nanoparticle formulation. Poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles were optimized for various parameters like o/w phase volume ratio, poly-vinyl alcohol concentration, PLGA concentration and sonication time. The cytotoxicity studies (MTT assay) revealed a 9- and 11-fold decrease in the IC 50 values for etoposide-loaded nanoparticles (ENP) and etoposide?+?quercetin dual-loaded nanoparticles (EQNP) when compared to that of free etoposide, respectively, and the results were further supported by florescent-activated cell sorter studies. The confocal imaging of the intestinal sections treated with ENP and EQNP containing fluorescent probe (rhodamine) showed the superiority of the EQNP to permeate deeper. Furthermore, pharmacokinetic studies on rats revealed that EQNP exhibited a 2.4-fold increase in bioavailability of etoposide than ENP with no quercetin. The developed loaded nanoparticles have the high potential to enhance the bioavailability of the etoposide and sensitize the resistant cells.     

梓醇在大鼠体内的药代动力学和生物利用度研究

目的:研究梓醇在大鼠体内的药代动力学和生物利用度。方法:建立LC-MS/MS分析方法,应用Xcalibur 1.4数据处理工作站,以待测物(梓醇)与内标物(桃叶珊瑚苷)的色谱峰面积比计算大鼠灌胃50、100和200mg/kg和静脉注射50mg/kg梓醇后,各时间的血浆药物浓度。选用DAS 2.0软件计算药动学参数,t检验法统计实验数据,计算生物利用度。结果:梓醇在大鼠体内的药动学过程符合二室模型,大鼠灌胃50、100和200mg/kg梓醇后,AUC0→∞与剂量呈正比,t1/2与剂量无关;大鼠灌胃与静注50mg/kg梓醇后,AUC0→∞分别为(70±23)、(104±11)μg.h.mL-1,该剂量下梓醇的绝对生物利用度为66.7%。结论:梓醇的吸收和消除呈一级动力学特征,在大鼠体内的绝对生物利用度较高。     

一测多评技术在天麻药材质量评价中的应用

目的：采用一测多评技术同时测定天麻药材中多种成分的含量,为快速评价天麻药材质量、完善天麻药材的质量控制方法提供技术依据。方法：采用高效液相色谱法,以天麻素为内标物,建立其与对羟基苯甲醇、对羟基苯甲醛、巴利森苷的相对校对因子,并进行含量测定,实现一测多评。同时采用外标法测定15批天麻药材中天麻素、对羟基苯甲醇、对羟基苯甲醛、巴利森苷的含量,验证一测多评的准确性。结果：采用相对校正因子计算的含量值与外标法的实测值之间无显著性差异。结论：在对照品缺乏的情况下,以外标法测定天麻素,利用相对校正因子实现对天麻药材中对羟基苯甲醇、对羟基苯甲醛、巴利森苷的含量测定是可行的。