Diabetic retinopathy in a black population: the Barbados Eye Study.

OBJECTIVE: The distribution of diabetic retinopathy in black populations is largely unknown. The authors present retinopathy data from the predominately black participants of the Barbados Eye Study (BES). DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS: Prevalence study of 4631 participants based on a random sample of the Barbados population 40 to 84 years of age (84% participation). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Diabetes was defined as self-reported history of physician-diagnosed diabetes or glycosylated hemoglobin greater than 10% (>2 standard deviations above the population mean of persons without a diabetes history). Retinopathy was assessed by independent gradings of 30 degrees color stereo fundus photographs of the disc and macula. RESULTS: Diabetes was present in 19.4% of black (n = 4314), 15.2% of mixed (black and white; n = 184), and 7.5% of white/other (n = 133) self-reported racial groups. In the black/mixed population, regardless of diabetes status, the prevalence of retinopathy was 5.9%. In the 636 black and mixed participants with diabetes, the prevalence of retinopathy was 28.5%: 19.8% had minimum changes, 7.7% had moderate changes, and 0.9% had severe retinopathy. Clinically significant macular edema (CSME) was found in 8.6% of those with diabetes. CONCLUSIONS: In the population of African origin, approximately 1 in 17 persons had retinopathy. Among those with diabetes, 28.5% had retinopathy and 8.6% had CSME. These results highlight the clinical and public health relevance of diabetic retinopathy in the black population.     

外伤角膜瘢痕无晶状体眼戴角膜接触镜后的角膜地形图改变

目的 探讨外伤性角膜瘢痕无晶状体眼戴硬性透气性接触镜前,后角膜表面的改变。方法 对戴该镜者１７眼及对照组（不戴镜）１２眼,在戴镜前后进行角膜地形图检测。结果 戴镜后平均８．４月,角膜散光减少（Ｐ〈０．０１）,角膜表面变得比较规则（Ｐ〈０．０５）,角膜表面的屈光度有变得相对比较平均的趋势。结论 戴硬性透气性角膜接触镜能使角膜瘢痕所致角膜散光减少,角膜表面变得较为规则。     

视觉电生理联合应用对眼外伤视觉功能的评价

联合使用视觉电生理检查法评估外伤眼的视功能。方法单纯眼外伤３０例按受伤程度分３组,健康对侧眼为对照组,比较各组ＶＥＰＰ１００波潜伏值,３０Ｈｚ红闪炮光ＥＲＧ的振幅和暗适应ＥＲＧａ、ｂ波振幅的平均值。结论联合应用视觉电生理检测法是评价眼外伤视功能的可靠依据。     

硫酸二甲酯眼损伤的临床表现及治疗

对我们所遇８例硫酸二甲酯眼部中毒的临床表现及治疗进行分析讨论。眼部中毒主要为酸性烧伤、角膜损害,常同时合并呼吸道症状,重者可合并肝肾损害。治疗以硷性溶液冲洗结膜囊及局部对症为主。     

大鼠实验性视网膜光损伤中的视细胞凋亡

目的 进一步探讨视网膜光损伤的发病机制。 方法 20只Wistar大鼠分为实验组、对照组,分别在光照后12,24,36小时摘除眼球,视网膜组织行HE染色和核苷酸末端转移酶介导的DUTP缺口翻译法(TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labelling method,TUNEL)标记凋亡细胞。 结果 光照后12小时,视杆细胞外节出现少量空泡变性;24小时后,外核层出现明显的细胞核破碎、浓染和DNA裂解;36小时后,视杆细胞内、外节溶解,外核层大量细胞核丢失。 结论 视细胞凋亡是大鼠实验性视网膜光损伤的重要机制之一。 (中华眼底病杂志, 1999, 15: 167-169)     

Minimal synaptic delay in the saccadic output pathway of the superior colliculus studied in awake monkey

The synaptic organization of the saccade-related neuronal circuit between the superior colliculus (SC) and the brainstem saccade generator was examined in an awake monkey using a saccadic, midflight electrical-stimulation method. When microstimulation (50–100 A, single pulse) was applied to the SC during a saccade, a small, conjugate contraversive eye movement was evoked with latencies much shorter than those obtained by conventional stimulation. Our results may be explained by the tonic inhibition of premotor burst neurons (BNs) by omnipause neurons that ceases during saccades to allow BNs to burst. Thus, during saccades, signals originating from the SC can be transmitted to motoneurons and seen in the saccade trajectory. Based on this hypothesis, we estimated the number of synapses intervening between the SC and motoneurons by applying midflight stimulation to the SC, the BN area, and the abducens nucleus. Eye position signals were electronically differentiated to produce eye velocity to aid in detecting small changes. The mean latencies of the stimulus-evoked eye movements were: 7.9±1.0 ms (SD; ipsilateral eye) and 7.8±0.9 ms (SD; contralateral eye) for SC stimulation; 4.8±0.5 ms (SD; ipsilateral eye) and 5.1±0.7 ms (SD; contralateral eye) for BN stimulation; and 3.6±0.4 ms (SD; ipsilateral eye) and 5.2±0.8 ms (SD; contralateral eye) for abducens nucleus stimulation. The time difference between SC- and BN-evoked eye movements (about 3 ms) was consistent with a disynaptic connection from the SC to the premotor BNs.     

紫外分光光度法测定氯霉素滴眼液的含量

目的：测定氯霉素滴眼液的含量。方法：以空白基质溶液为参照液，应用紫外分光光度法，测定波长280nm，消除了处方中羟苯乙酯等成分对测定结果的干扰。结果：平均回收率101.36％，RSD为0.95％。结论：该法简单，快捷，适合医院快速检验。     

复方左氧氟沙星滴眼液的研制及临床应用

目的 :研究复方左氧氟沙星滴眼液的制备及质量控制方法 ,并观察其临床疗效。方法 :以左氧氟沙星为主药配伍地塞米松磷酸钠 ,选择磷酸盐作为缓冲剂 ,依地酸二钠作为稳定剂 ,采用紫外分光光度法测定左氧氟沙星的含量。结果 :制剂稳定 ,左氧氟沙星在2～6μg/ml范围内线性关系良好 ;C=26 1780A—1 0838(r=0 9997) ;平均回收率为100 34 % ,RSD=0 44%(n=5)。结论 :制备工艺简单 ,质控方法可靠 ,疗效良好     

双波长分光光度法测定盐酸环丙沙星滴眼液的含量

目的：建立双波长分光光度法测定盐酸环丙沙星滴眼液中盐酸环丙沙星的含量。方法：采用双波长分光光度法，盐酸环丙沙星的测定波长为277nm，参比波长为234.7nm。结果：盐酸环丙沙星的平均回收率为99.81%(RSD=0.94%,R=0.9999)。结论：本法快速，简便，结果准确。     

复方益康唑滴耳液的制备及质量控制

目的：制备复方益康唑滴耳液并测定其含量。方法：以甘油和乙醇作为溶煤进行配制。采用双波长分光光度法在波长263.8nm和247.9nm处测定硝酸益康唑含量，在波长295.1nm处测定甲磺酸左氧氟沙星含量，并观察了该滴耳液的稳定性和刺激性。结果：硝酸益康唑和甲磺酸左氧氟沙星的平均回收率分别为99.6%(RSD=0.5%)和101.6%(RSD=0.4%)，刺激性小，稳定性好，结论：本制剂制备工艺简便，质控方法准确可靠，性质稳定，适应临床应用。