卵巢上皮性癌ERCC1表达与顺铂化疗耐药关系的研究

目的:探讨卵巢上皮性癌组织中ERCC1表达水平与顺铂化疗耐药的相关性。方法:应用免疫组化SP法检测42例卵巢癌组织中ERCC1的表达并分析其与顺铂化疗耐药的关系。结果:卵巢癌组织ERCC1表达水平与卵巢上皮性癌患者年龄、手术分期及组织学类型无关,而与卵巢上皮性癌患者以顺铂为基础联合化疗的耐药性有关。卵巢癌化疗耐药组ERCC1的阳性表达率为77.27%,明显高于敏感组35.00%,组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:ERCC1在卵巢上皮性癌组织中的表达水平与顺铂化疗耐药有关。     

紫杉醇与铂类药物联合治疗进展期非小细胞肺癌的临床观察

目的 观察紫杉醇加顺铂或卡铂治疗进展期非小细胞肺癌的疗效与毒副反应。方法 采用紫杉醇加顺铂（或卡铂）方案治疗32例进展期非小细胞肺癌患者，观察近期疗效和毒副反应。结果 完全缓解（CR）2例，部分缓解（PR）13例，疾病稳定（SD）11例，疾病进展（PD）6例，总有效率（CR＋PR）为：46．9％。主要毒副反应是脱发，粒细胞减少，贫血，胃肠道反应等。结论 紫杉醇联合顺铂（或卡铂）治疗进展期非小细胞肺癌疗效肯定，毒副反应可以耐受。     

长春瑞滨联合顺氯氨铂的改良时辰化疗方案治疗中晚期NSCLC的临床观察

OBJECTIVETo evaluate and compare the efficacy and toxicity of time chemotherapy and normal chemotherapy for treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer. METHODSMethods 61 patents with non-small-cell lung cancer were randomized into two groups;one was treated     

人卵巢癌顺铂耐药细胞中核糖体蛋白基因的表达谱分析

目的研究核糖体蛋白基因在人卵巢癌顺铂耐药细胞中的表达.方法以顺铂为诱导剂,采用中等剂量、间歇作用法建立人卵巢癌顺铂耐药细胞系COC1/DDP,然后以其亲本细胞COC1为对照,应用cDNA微阵列检测COC1/DDP细胞的核糖体蛋白基因表达.结果与COC1细胞相比,COC1/DDP细胞对顺铂有6.2倍耐药性,细胞倍增时间延长了8.9 h,S期细胞减少了(27.4±2.13)%,而G1和G2期细胞分别增加了(19.6±3.71)%和(8.3±1.95)%.在143个表达水平发生改变的基因中,有12个核糖体蛋白基因表达下调,多个凋亡抑制基因表达上调,凋亡诱导基因CASP2表达下调.结论 COC1/DDP细胞对顺铂具有耐药性,耐药性的产生可能与部分核糖体蛋白基因的表达下调有关.     

端粒酶反义寡核苷酸及顺铂对恶性脑胶质瘤治疗的协同作用

目的观察端粒酶反义寡核苷酸(ODN)及顺铂对恶性脑胶质瘤治疗的协同作用.方法用15例Ⅲ、Ⅳ级端粒酶活性阳性表达的脑恶性胶质瘤制备单细胞悬液并原代培养,以5μmol/L端粒酶反义ODN抑制恶性胶质瘤细胞端粒酶活性后,用不同浓度顺铂处理细胞.流式细胞仪检测处理前后胶质瘤细胞PCNA、TUNEL阳性百分率变化情况.结果端粒酶反义ODN作用于恶性胶质瘤细胞72h后,TRAP法检测端粒酶活性转为阴性,此时0.3μg/mL顺铂即可对胶质瘤细胞有明显抑制增殖、促进凋亡作用.结论端粒酶反义ODN能抑制端粒酶活性,增加恶性胶质瘤细胞对顺铂的敏感性,与顺铂在治疗恶性胶质瘤细胞过程中有协同作用.     

TS mRNA 水平对食管癌化疗的预测价值

 目的 探讨化疗前食管癌组织中胸苷酸合成酶(thymidylate synthase,TS)转录水平及其对顺铂/5-氟脲嘧啶(DDP/5-Fu)疗效的预测价值. 方法 20例食管癌患者均接受2个周期DDP/5-Fu化疗.DDP 15～20 mg/m2/d,iv d1-5;5-Fu 375～500 mg/m2/d,ivgtt 8 h,d1-5,休息4周后,进行第二个周期化疗.以β-肌动蛋白(β-actin)作内参照,应用半定量RT-PCR技术检测化疗前食管癌癌组织中TS mRNA水平,以TS/Β-actin比值表示.实验数据经SPSS 10.0统计软件处理,化疗有效和无效组间TS mRNA水平间差异分析采用Wilcoxon秩和检验;双侧检验,α取0.05作为显著性检验的标准. 结果 20例食管癌患者中,11例化疗有效者的TS/β-actin mRNA水平中位值为3.90×10-1,而9例化疗无效者的TS/β-actin mRNA水平中位值为9.10×10-1,两组差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05). 结论 化疗前食管癌组织中TS mRNA水平对应用DDP/5-Fu治疗食管癌的疗效具有一定预测价值.     

吉西他滨联合顺铂治疗复发性晚期头颈部癌的临床研究

 目的 评价吉西他滨联合顺铂治疗复发性晚期头颈部肿瘤的疗效及毒副作用。方法 对复治的晚期头颈部肿瘤患者，给予GEM 1000mg／m²静滴，第1、8d，每周期CDDP 60mg／m²，静滴（分5次第1-5d），21d为1周期，2周期后评定疗效，平均3．52个周期。结果 27例可评价疗效，完全缓解1例，部分缓解7例，总有效率29．63％，中位缓解期4．4个月，中位生存期9个月。毒副作用主要为剂量限制性毒性，表现为骨髓抑制。结论 吉西他滨加顺铂可作为复发性晚期头颈部肿瘤的挽救性化疗方案。     

国产盐酸托烷司琼治疗顺铂化疗所致恶心、呕吐的疗效与安全性评价

目的:比较国产与进口盐酸托烷司琼在治疗顺铂化疗所致恶心、呕吐的疗效和安全性。方法:采用多中心、双盲、随机对照方法,128例接受顺铂化疗的恶性肿瘤患者随机分为进口盐酸托烷司琼组和国产盐酸托烷司琼组,于化疗前1d应用盐酸托烷司琼,5mg/次,1次/d,连用6d,观察并记录用药1wk内患者食欲减退、恶心、呕吐及其他不良反应。结果:128例患者按研究要求完成观察,2组在治疗恶心、呕吐方面及发生其他不良反应方面均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:国产盐酸托烷司琼在治疗顺铂化疗所致恶心、呕吐的疗效和安全性与进口盐酸托烷司琼相当。     

Two cases of cisplatin-induced permanent renal failure following neoadjuvant chemotherapy for esophageal cancer

IntroductionWe experienced two esophageal cancer patients who developed severe acute renal failure after neoadjuvant chemotherapy with cisplatin and 5-fluorourasil.Presentation of caseAfter administration of cisplatin, their serum creatinine increased gradually until they required hemodialysis and their renal failure was permanent. In both cases, renal biopsy examination indicated partial recovery of the proximal tubule, but renal function did not recover. After these events, one patient underwent definitive radiotherapy and the other underwent esophagectomy for their esophageal cancers, while continuing dialysis. Both patients are alive without cancer recurrence.DiscussionIn these two cases of cisplatin-induced renal failure, renal biopsy examination showed only slight disorder of proximal tubules and tendency to recover.ConclusionAlthough cisplatin-related nephrotoxicity is a well-recognized complication, there have been few reports of renal failure requiring hemodialysis in cancer patients. In this report, we present their clinical courses and the pathological findings of cisplatin-related renal failure.     

The selective tyrosine kinase-inhibitor nilotinib alleviates experimentally induced cisplatin nephrotoxicity and heptotoxicity

This work tested the action of nilotinib, selective inhibitor of tyrosine kinase on cisplatin (CP)-induced damage of kidney and liver in rats. Rats were assigned to 4 groups, control, nilotinib, CP, and CP plus nilotinib. Assessment of kidney and liver function, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant markers, anti-apoptotic protein Bcl2, nuclear factor- kappa B (NF-κB) immunoreactivity, and caspase 3 activity were done. CP-induced damage evidenced by histopathological changes, deterioration of renal and liver function, imbalance in oxidants/antioxidants markers, decreased Bcl2, increased caspase 3 activity, and NF-κB nuclear expression in both organs. Nilotinib treatment with CP restored kidney and liver oxidants/antioxidant levels also increased Bcl2 and decreased NF-κB immunoreactivity were evident with nilotinib treatment. In conclusions these results demonstrated a protective effect of nilotinib in experimentally induced CP kidney and liver damage that could be mediated through combating oxidative stress, reducing inflammation and anti-apoptosis in the two organs.