新型高温合金的液相连接

简要介绍了粉末冶金高温合金,定向凝固高温合金,单晶合金,镍铝系金属间化合物结构材料等新型高温合金钎焊和过渡液相扩散焊领域的发展现状,主要包括其钎料或中间层合金,连接方法及工艺和接头的高温持久性能。     

低膨胀高温合金抗氧化性能预测的研究

通过测定六种不同成分的低膨胀高温合金氧化增重曲线,提出合金元素作用系数,利用分析得到的合金元素作用系数对实验合金的氧化增重进行预测计算,其结果与实验结果吻合得很好。利用合金元素作用系数的概念和本研究所提出的方法可对低膨胀高温合金的氧化增重提供预测计算,借此可减少研究低膨胀高温合金氧化特性的试验工作量,为今后低膨胀高温合金的发展打下了基础。     

可编程控制在主井带式输送机上的应用

凤凰山矿主井带式输送机原采用的是传统的继电器硬布线逻辑控制方式,由于触点多、接线复杂等弱点,故障频繁,并经常出现自动停车,严重影响正常生产,该矿采用可编程控制器（ 简称ＰＬＣ） 后,解决了过去生产运输过程中的瓶颈问题,获得了很好的社会经济效益。     

Role of Ru on the Microstructural Evolution During Long-Term Aging of Ni-Based Single Crystal Superalloys

Two experimental alloys containing different contents of Ru were investigated to study the effect of Ru on the microstructural evolution during long-term thermal exposure. The increase in Ru promoted the formation of cubical, tiny, and even γ′ phase after full heat treatment. Moreover, the samples after full heat treatment were exposed at 1100 °C for different time. Based on the classical model by Lifshitz, Slyozov, and Wagner, the coarsening of γ′ phase of the alloy containing 2.5 and 3.5 wt.% Ru during the long-term aging was controlled by the interface reaction and diffusion, respectively. The γ/γ′ lattice misfit was more negative with the increment of Ru addition, which induced the formation of stable rafted γ′ phase in the alloy containing 3.5 wt.% Ru at the initiation of long-term aging. Besides, the increase in Ru reduced the diffusion coefficient, which could restrain the γ′ phase coarsening. The lower γ/γ′ lattice misfit of the alloy containing 2.5 wt.% Ru promoted the interface reaction, which induced the rapid coarsening of γ′ phase. Therefore, the increase in Ru improved the microstructural stability of the alloys. On the other hand, the raise of Ru induced “reverse partitioning” behavior, which was effective in suppressing the emergence of the topologically close-packed phase (TCP phase). The TCP phase occasionally occurred in the alloy containing 2.5 wt.% Ru, which was attributed to the high temperature and the supersaturation of the γ matrix. Moreover, the TCP phase was determined as μ phase, which had a high concentration of Co, Re, Mo, and W. A sketch map describing the evolution of the TCP phase was also constructed.     

Sub-solvus Cellular Recrystallization and P Phase Formation in a Single-Crystal Superalloy Containing Re

Sub-solvus recrystallization behavior of a second-generation single-crystal superalloy has been studied by transmission electron microcopy and scanning transmission electron microcopy. Surface local stress facilitated cellular recrystallization accompanied with formation of twin structure and TCP phase of P during annealing at sub-solvus temperature of 1,100 °C. The precipitation of P phase is considered to be attributed to the coarsening of c0 phase in the recrystallized aggregates which lower the activation energy for atomic migration.     

High-Temperature Structural Stabilities of Ni-Based SingleCrystal Superalloys Ni–Co–Cr–Mo–W–Al–Ti–Ta with Varying Co Contents

It has been recently pointed out that the compositions of industrial alloys are originated from cluster-plus-glueatom structure units in solid solutions. Specifically for Ni-based superalloys, after properly grouping the alloying elements into Al, Ni-like(■), r-forming Cr-like(■) and c-forming Cr-like(■), the optimal formula for single-crystal superalloys is established [Al–Ni_(12)](Al_1■~_(0:5) ■_(1:5)). The Co substitutions for Ni at the shell sites are conducted on the basis of the first-generation single-crystal superalloy AM3, formulated as [Al–■_(12)Co_x](Al_1Ti_(0.25)Ta_(0.25)Cr_1W_(0.25)Mo_(0.25)), with x = 1.5, 1.75, 2 and 2.5(the corresponding weight percents of Co are 9.43, 11.0, 12.57 and 15.71, respectively). The900 ℃ long-term aging follows the Lifshitz–Slyozov–Wagner theory(LSW theory), and the Co content does not have noticeable influence on the coarsening rate of c0. The microstructure and creep behavior of the four(001) single-crystal alloys are investigated. The creep rupture lifetime is reduced as Co increases. The alloy with the lowest Co(9.43 Co) shows the longest lifetime of about 350 h at 1050 ℃/120 MPa, and all the samples show N-type rafting after creep tests.     

基于Deform-3D的镍基高温合金残余应力仿真分析

GH4169镍基高温合金应用广泛,但是属于难以加工的材料,而且已加工表面的残余应力很容易导致工件变形,从而影响工件的加工质量。应用Deform 3D软件,研究了不同切削用量下残余应力的变化规律。研究结果表明,切削速度的变化对表面残余应力的影响甚小|背吃刀量和进给量增大,表面残余应力随之增大|随着切削用量的增加,工件内部残余应力亦随之增加。     

粉末高温合金中原始粉末颗粒边界研究进展

原始粉末颗粒边界(prior particle boundary,PPB)是粉末高温合金(powder metallurgy superalloy,P/M superalloy)中常见的缺陷之一,它是在制粉期间以及热等静压或热挤压前期的加热过程中,在原始粉末表面处析出的一层细小且连续的第二相网膜;这层析出物可能会阻碍粉末颗粒间的扩散与连接,成为了合金中的薄弱界面,严重破坏合金组织,危害其拉伸、冲击等各项力学性能。本文着重介绍了目前针对粉末高温合金中原始粉末颗粒边界的研究进展,重点概述了影响原始粉末颗粒边界的形成因素及消除措施。     

Two different small size testing technique for the creep residual life evaluation of an equiaxed Ni-based superalloy for GT blade and vane application

Two miniaturised creep testing techniques have been applied to a polycrystalline Ni-based superalloy employed for gas turbine blades and vanes. The test campaign was conducted on as-delivered material to assess both testing techniques and evaluate their effectiveness in determining creep residual life and creep residual properties of operated material. The first technique involved small size uniaxial creep testing, conducted on samples with a diameter lower than 3 mm. The diameter effect was deeply studied and a calibration was done to correlate results from standard creep test pieces with those from small diameter samples. The second technique involved the small punch creep test, and the assessment on virgin material enabled determination of the correlation factor, k_sp, to compare small punch test results with uniaxial creep tests. All the collected results were related to the coarse grain macrostructure that characterises this class of alloys and that increases the scatter of the collected experimental results.     

Simulation of rafting type and stress distribution in nickel-based superalloys with different volume fractions of γ′ phase

A representative volume element is introduced to represent the microstructure of γ/γ′ morphology with periodic boundary conditions to formulate the full mode of the micromechanical analysis. [0 0 1]-oriented alloys with γ′ volume fractions from 60 to 70% are simulated under tensile loading. A raft criterion is implemented into the user subroutine to predict the rafting type. The misfit stress is considered by different thermal expansion coefficients of the two phases. It is very high in γ phase and slightly decreases with the increasing of γ′ volume fraction. The stress distributions in the two phases change during creep deformation. The creep crack initiation time slightly increases with the increase of γ′ volume fraction. The stress components decrease with the increasing of γ′ volume fraction at the beginning and change due to the stress redistribution during creep loading.