微波诱导催化技术在污染治理中的应用

重点介绍了微波催化技术的概念、基本原理和催化剂的选择，总结了微波催化技术的优点和该技术在治理废气和污水中的应用，提出了微波催化技术在发展中所面临的问题。     

硫酸铁改性活性炭催化微波降解甲基对硫磷

在硫酸铁改性活性炭存在下，微波照射能使溶液中的甲基对硫磷迅速降解。对25、100mg／L的甲基对硫磷溶液，改性活性炭0．4g／L，微波照射3．0min，降解率达77．18％。适当提高改性活性炭加入量，同样照射时间即可达96．90％。而采用未改性活性炭甲基对硫磷降解率为93．20％。结果表明，微波照射下改性活性炭的催化活性明显高于未改性活性炭。另外，采用紫外．可见光谱和离子色谱技术探讨了微波照射时间、甲基对硫磷初始浓度和酸度、活性炭用量、改性液硫酸铁浓度和酸度对改性活性炭催化微波降解甲基对硫磷的影响。     

微波辐射活性炭固载对甲苯磺酸催化合成乙酸异戊酯

用颗粒状活性炭固载对甲苯磺酸作催化剂，在微波辐射下合成乙酸异戊酯。实验结果显示，当微波功率为150W，催化剂用量为1．4g，n(醇)：n(酸)=1．2：1，反应时间30min，酯化率为98．0％以上。另外通过实验发现，微波辐射下其反应速率明显高于常规加热方式。     

Crosslinking of corn starch with sodium trimetaphosphate in solid state by microwave irradiation

Corn starch was crosslinked with sodium trimetaphosphate (STMP) in solid state under microwave irradiation to improve the degree of substitution (DS) and decrease the reaction time. The effects of modification factors on the crosslinking of starch were systematically studied. It was found that the microwave irradiation provided a convenient and efficient method to prepare crosslinked starch with sufficient DS. The DS value of crosslinked starches obtained by microwave irradiation was significantly improved and the reaction time was also dramatically decreased to achieve an appropriate DS value by microwave irradiation, when compared with using traditional method. The high microwave power provided faster reaction kinetics to obtain the desired DS value at an identical reaction condition. If the reaction temperature is lower than the decomposition temperature of crosslinked starch, the higher DS value can be achieved at the higher microwave power. It was detected that the DS data obtained by reacting intermittently was higher than those by reacting continuously. It was also noticed that DS data varied drastically with the increasing of the amount of STMP and sodium carbonate. The swelling ratio of crosslinked starch in water was lower than that of native starch because of the nongelatinization of highly crosslinked starch. SEM analysis indicated that the crosslinking of corn starch by microwave irradiation caused no significant changes in the microstructure of starch granules. Light microscope analysis also showed the uniformity of so‐prepared crosslinked corn starch applying microwave irradiation. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 5854–5860, 2006     

间甲基苯甲脒盐酸盐的合成研究

间甲基苯甲脒盐酸盐是农药和医药研究领域一个十分重要的原材料和中间体。间甲基苯甲脒盐酸盐的两步合成法是先以盐酸羟胺制备间甲基苯甲脒肟再通过加氢还原即可得到。在制备间甲基苯脒肟时，单因素考察了常规热反应、微波合成法、超声波合成法对间甲基苯脒肟产率的影响。并探索了一锅法合成间甲基苯甲脒盐酸盐的可行性。所得化合物由沸点、氢谱、质谱确认。实验结果表明：三种方式合成间甲基苯甲脒肟，其产率从大到小依次为：微波合成法>超声波合成法>常规热反应。本实验采用两步法合成间甲基苯甲脒盐酸盐的总产率为58.05%，采用一锅法合成间甲基苯甲脒盐酸盐的产率为78.19%。两步法和一锅法均可用于合成间甲基苯甲脒盐酸盐。     

不同方法提取含笑茎、叶和花挥发油化学成分的GC-MS分析

含笑花具有祛瘀生新、活血止痛之功效。为扩大其用药部位,实验采用微波萃取与水蒸气蒸馏分别提取含笑茎、叶和花挥发油,运用毛细管气相色谱-质谱联用法结合计算机检索对其挥发油进行了化学成分分析。结果显示,从含笑茎、叶和花水蒸气蒸馏所得挥发油中分别鉴定出了32、21和23种化合物,从含笑茎、叶和花微波萃取所得挥发油中分别鉴定出了24、20和29种化合物。用面积归一法测定了6种挥发油中各种成分的相对质量分数,各占总峰面积的97.08%、97.3%、96.94%、98.21%、91.34%和95.79%。6种挥发油化学组成各有异同,但主要成分均是大=牛儿烯B、长蠕孢吉码烯、丁香烯和β-榄香烯。     

Polymerization of diisopropyl fumarate under microwave irradiation

Diisopropyl fumarate (DiPF), a representative monomer of dialkyl fumarates, was polymerized by microwave irradiation at three different powers (140, 210, and 280 W), using a domestic microwave oven. The nature and concentration of initiators [2,2′‐azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) and benzoyl peroxide (BP)], power and energy of microwave irradiation on the conversion, weight average molecular weight (M_w), and polydispersity index (M_w/M_n) were analyzed. The results indicate that the microwave conditions have a significant nonthermal effect in enhancing the polymerization rate of DiPF. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 3785–3791, 2007     

热固性树脂微波固化研究进展

综述了近年来热固性树脂及其复合材料的微波固化研究进展,重点讨论了热固性树脂微波固化与加热固化的比较,热固性树脂微波固化工艺,颗粒、纤维增强树脂基复合材料的微波固化研究。研究发现微波固化和热固化在本质上是相同的,然而,微波极大地加速了固化进程,对体系性能无损害;加入无机、金属填料以及纤维可以改变体系介电性能,控制微波工艺对材料进行精加工。最后介绍了微波热效应原理,并展望了微波热固化技术发展与应用。     

甲烷浓度对金刚石薄膜(100)织构生长的影响

以H2和CH4的混合气体为气源,用微波等离子体辅助化学气相沉积法(MPECVD)在1 cm×1 cm S i(100)基体上沉积了金刚石薄膜。研究了不同的甲烷浓度对金刚石薄膜(100)织构生长趋势的影响。分别采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM),Ram an光谱对金刚石膜的表面形貌、质量进行了分析。结果表明,当基体温度为750℃,气压为4.8×103Pa,甲烷浓度为1.4%时,薄膜表面为(100)织构。     

微波辐射法合成葡萄糖对苯二酚树脂胶粘剂

以葡萄糖代替甲醛,在碱性条件下用微波加热法合成了葡萄糖对苯二酚树脂胶粘剂。并通过正交实验获得了合成的最佳反应条件:n(葡萄糖)∶n(对苯二酚)=8∶1;pH=11;催化剂用量:1.5%;反应时间:6 min。同时对树脂的固化条件进行了研究。