The effect of seamustard on blood lipid profiles and glucose level of rats fed diet with different energy composition

Recently, Korean people are consuming seaweeds almost 3.5 times more now than three decades ago. It is well known that seaweeds contain lots of soluble dietary fiber in addition to micronutrients such as β-carotene, iodine and some bioactive components. Seaweeds are considered to be effective for preventing chronic diseases including obesity, diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, cancer or constipation. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of seamustard intake on body weight gain, blood glucose level and lipid profiles in rats fed diets with different energy nutrient composition. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (average initial weight 103.7 g) were divided into groups for two experiments as follows; Control, M2.5 & M5 groups (Exp. I) and M5, M10, HCM5, HCM10, HFM5 & HFM10 groups (Exp. II). The rats were fed diet and water ad libitum for 4 weeks. In general, there was no significant difference in blood glucose and triglyceride concentration among groups. In Exp. I, serum LDL-cholesterol level of rats fed diet with 5% seamustard powder (M5) was significantly lower than that of control group, while HDL-cholesterol level, TC/LDL ratio and weight of adrenal gland were higher. In Exp. II, food intake, body weight gain and EER of high fat diet with 10% seamustard group (HFM10) were the lowest among groups. Except gastrocnemius muscle, all organ weights of HFM10 group were the lowest. Fecal cholesterol excretion and serum LDL-cholesterol concentration of HFM10 group were the highest, while serum HDL-cholesterol level was the lowest among groups. Interestingly, HDL-cholesterol concentration was the highest in HCM5 group among groups. From these results, it was suggested that seamustard intake might be more effective for body weight control, but not for improving blood lipid profiles in high fat diet than in high carbohydrate diet.     

妊娠高血压综合征尿蛋白的丢失对新生儿出生体重的影响

目的: 几乎没有研究报道妊娠高血压综合征 (妊高征 ) 患者尿蛋白对新生儿出生体重的影响, 该研究欲探讨妊高征患者不同水平尿蛋白对新生儿出生体重的影响关系。方法: 1997年 1月 ~2004年 6月期间, 住院分娩患中、重度妊高征产妇 136例, 对新生儿出生体重与各种因素进行回归分析及t检验分析。结果: 单变量回归分析尿蛋白、孕龄分别与新生儿出生体重有高度显著性关系 (P<0. 01); 尿蛋白和孕龄一起进入多元回归分析, 校正影响因素, 尿蛋白和孕龄仍然是影响新生儿出生体重显著性因素 (P<0 .01); 与妊高征尿蛋白 ( +) 比较, 尿蛋白 无显著性影响新生儿出生体重 (P>0. 05), 尿蛋白 有显著性影响新生儿出生体重 (P<0. 01)。结论: 新生儿出生体重与妊高征患者尿蛋白丢失有关, 尿蛋白 丢失将严重影响新生儿出生体重。     

妊娠期妇女的人体测量及脂肪贮存

本文对30名居住北京城近郊区的健康初产孕妇,于妊娠早期、中期及末期连续进行人体测量,包括身长,体重,皮下脂肪厚度和肢体围,以观察孕期体重增长,身体脂肪含量及肌肉情况。测量结果,受试者从妊娠6周至37周平均体重增长13.0kg。三头肌、二头肌部位皮脂厚度在孕期无明显变化。肩胛下皮脂厚度至孕末期时明显较早期增加。髂骨上皮脂厚度在孕中期及末期均有明显增长,与早期相比差別显著。据皮脂厚度计算身体密度及脂肪含量络果,至孕末期身体脂肪含量占体重的百分比共增加3.7％。肢体围测量结果,仅臀围在妊娠中期后至末期明显较早期增大。大腿上部围略有增加,但与早期差别无显著意义。大腿中部、小腿腓肠肌部及上臂围孕期均无明显变化。     

Ethanol regulated preference in rats

A series of experiments evaluated the determinants of preference for mixtures of ethanol plus sucrose relative to sucrose in rats. One dipper served 10% ethanol mixed with 10% sucrose, and the second dipper served 10% sucrose. Lever presses operated each dipper according to a variable-interval 5-s schedule. In three experiments the subjects were given pre-session meals of sucrose (2.5–20 ml) or sucrose (20 ml) plus chow (5 or 10 g). Pre-session meals decreased responding maintained by sucrose but not responding maintained by ethanol mixture. In two experiments body weight was varied from 85% to 125% of the initial free-feeding values. Increases in body weight, like pre-session meals, decreased responding reinforced by sucrose, but typically did not decrease responding reinforced by ethanol mixture. Throughout most of the study, ethanol consumption remained at about 1.25 ml per half hour session (3–4 g/kg per 30 min). For example, pre-session access to ethanol mixture decreased within-session ethanol consumption, but total consumption, counting both sources, remained about 1.25 ml/session. The within-session patterns of responding also differed. Responding reinforced by ethanol mix decreased as a function of ethanol consumption, whereas responding reinforced by sucrose was relatively constant throughout the session. The simplest explanation of the results is that ethanol's pharmacological consequences regulated preference.     

Chronic modifications of lung and heart development in glucocorticoid-treated newborn rats exposed to hyperoxia or room air

We assessed the mechanics and morphology of the lung in 165 rats treated neonatally with either room air (RA), O₂, RA + steroids, or O₂, + steroids. Newborn Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly assigned to these groups. O₂,-exposure (0.96-1.0 FiO₂ lasted 5 days, and dexamethasone treatment consisted of eight daily S.C. injections of drug or buffer in successive doses of 0.5,0.4.0.3,0.2,0.1, 0.1. 0.1. and 0.1 mg/kg. At 58 days, right ventricular systolic pressure (RVP) was measured. At 60 days, all rats were sacrificed for obtaining lung weight and DNA, saline pressure-volume (P-V) curves, and morphometry. We weighed right ventricles (RV) and left ventricles + septa (LV). Hyperoxia alone did not, but steroid decreased survival rate to 79.4% (95.3% in RA rats, P < 0.02). Only 21 of 40 (52%) O₂ + steroids rats survived, less than in both RA groups (P < 0.001). RV weight, RVP and muscularization of alveolar duct arteries were significantly increased in O₂ vs. RA rats. In RA + steroids rats, weight of the LV was decreased but RV, RVP, and lung vasculature were not affected. These effects were additive in the O₂ + steroid group. Wet lung weights and DNA were increased for RA + steroid rats over all others. O₂ and steroids shifted the P-V curve to the left and O₂+ steroids still further. Maximal lung volume increased significantly with RA + steroids and still further in O₂ + steroids but not in O₂ alone. O₂ and steroids significantly increased the mean linear intercept and O₂ + steroids even more so. In O₂- and steroid-treated rats, the parenchymal air space increased. In conclusion, both neonatal hyperoxia and steroid administration caused aberrations in the growth of lung and connective tissue. The effects of the two were additive. The vascular system, maximal lung volume, and DNA responded differently, presumably by different modes of action. Pediatr Pulmonol. 1993; 16:81–88. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Studies on the optimal conditions for inactivation of Bordetella pertussis organisms with glutaraldehyde for preparation of a safe and potent pertussis vaccine

The optimal conditions for inactivation of Bordetella pertussis organisms with glutaraldehyde for the production of a safe and potent whole cell pertussis vaccine were investigated. Two bacterial harvests from B. pertussis strain 10536 were treated with glutaraldehyde, each with 0.025, 0.05 and 0.1% concentrations of glutaraldehyde for 10, 60 and 120 min. The nine types of glutaraldehyde-inactivated pertussis vaccine (GIPV) and conventional heat-inactivated pertussis vaccine (HIPV) preparations made from two bacterial harvests were comparatively evaluated for the mouse weight gain test (MWGT), potency, and the histamine-sensitization (HS) and leucocytosis-promoting-factor (LPF) tests. The minimum period for killing the B. pertussis organisms with glutaraldehyde was>10 min for 0.025%, 10 min for 0.05% and 5 min for 0.1% concentration. The average loss in opacity varied from 5 to 10% for GIPV preparations and was 14% for HIPV preparations. The GIPV preparations except those inactivated with 0.025% glutaraldehyde for 10 min (GIPV-A) were much less toxic than the HIPV preparations in the MWGT. The GIPV-A preparations did not pass the MWGT. The GIPV preparations were also much less toxic in HS and LPF tests than the HIPV preparation. The potency of GIPV preparations inactivated with 0.05% glutaraldehyde for 10 min (GIPV-D) was similar to that of HIPV preparations. The prolonged treatments with glutaraldehyde reduced the potency. The GIPV-D preparation with good potency and less toxicity was found to be inactivated with glutaraldehyde under optimal conditions. All the preparations were innocuous in the abnormal toxicity test.     

过度训练的病理生理及康复 Ⅰ.大鼠过度训练模型的建立

实验表明,运用大鼠跑台运动,以心电图、体重、饮食量、精神状况、毛发脱落、尿蛋白、血清睾酮、皮质醇等为监测指标建立大鼠过度训练模型的方法是可行的。本文并首次模拟出大鼠运动性心律失常心电图。     

儿童胫后神经刺激的体感诱发电位正常值及其特点

探讨儿童体感诱发电位的正常值。对３０例８－１４岁健康儿童记录和测量了刺激胫扣神经引起的脊髓和皮层ＳＥＰｓ正常值，并计算出胫后神经４ 传导速度。结果１．ＳＥＰＳ各波潜伏期与身高均呈高度正线怀相关，与年龄，体重亦呈正相关，而潜伏期与年龄，体重的正相关是由身高引起的。２．Ｐ４０－Ｎ２０波间期与身高，年龄，体重均无显著相关关系。结论，ＳＥＰＳ潜伏期正常值应按其与身高的回归方程确定，Ｐ４０－Ｎ２０波间期正常     

Effect of calcitonin on total body bone mineral contents of experimental osteoporotic rats determined by dual photon absorptiometry

Summary Total body bone mineral (TBBM) content in rats was measured by dual photon absorptiometry (DPA). TBBM showed significant increases over 4 weeks in control groups with significant bone loss over the same time in prednisolone-injected rats on low calcium feed. Daily injections of calcitonin significantly reduced loss of bone mass. Both prednisolone- and prednisolone-calcitonin-injected groups showed significantly elevated serum alkaline phosphatase with the prednisolone-calcitonin group also exhibiting elevated serum calcium and phosphate levels, confirming the impact of the experimental protocol. TBBM measured by DPA in all groups correlated well (r=0.928,P<0.001 n=20) with the total ash weight suggesting that the method reflects total skeletal mineral content in the small animal. TBBM measurement by DPA proves well-suited to monitoring bone mineral in a small animal experimental setting.     

低抗凝肝素来源低分子肝素口服制剂的研究

以生产肝素的副产品——低抗凝肝素为原料,采用亚硝酸控制解聚法制得了低分子肝素,分子量为5300,抗凝活性为39.2u/mg,测定了理化指标。以对家兔实验性血栓形成的影响为药效学指标,确定低分子肝素口服制剂的处方组成为低分子肝素、油酸、牛胆盐。研究了所制备的低分子肝素胶囊对家兔血液流变学及血栓形成的影响,并试用于部分动脉粥样硬化症志愿者,表明该胶囊可有效地改善家免和动脉粥样硬化症志愿者血液流变性质,抑制血栓形成。