新疆维吾尔族青年足长与身高的关系

本文对1988年测量的609名(男296,女313,年龄18～24岁)新疆维吾尔族青年学生足长、身高,按年龄、性别分组,计算了足长和身高的均值、身高与足长的比值,并提出了由足长推算身高的简单公式和回归方程。     

弹性外固定和负重治疗胫骨骨不连临床观察

采用穿针外固定，配合患肢负重功能锻炼治疗胫骨骨不连２２例。其中，１０例增殖型，１２例萎缩型。究其原因，１１例为内固定不良，４例为石膏、２例为自制夹板固定而达不到固定效果，５例为骨端感染所致。治疗经过８７～１８９天，平均１０３天，１９例在６个月内愈合，３例效果欠佳。疗效分析认为：骨不连主要由于不良治疗过分干扰骨折自然愈合过程，骨生长能力受到限制所致，弹性外固定可改善骨折端稳定性，提供弹性和间断生理压应力，不限制功能锻炼中肌泵的供血作用，有利于骨端生长能力的恢复。     

Closure of central defects of the forefoot with external fixation: a case report

Excision of 1 or more central rays of the foot may complicate soft tissue coverage because large defects may result. The authors presents a technique in which an Ilizarov external fixator was used to narrow the forefoot after resection of the central rays in a patient with diabetes. After external fixator application for 8 weeks, the central defect healed uneventfully and has not shown any recurrence of ulceration after 4 years of follow-up.     

滑动加压股骨粗隆间骨折外固定器的设计和临床应用

目的报告股骨粗隆间骨折滑动加压外固定器的设计和初步临床应用结果。方法在单侧成角外固定器和动力髋螺钉（DHS）的基础上，设计制作滑动加压外固定器。自2003年5月～2005年12月，用此新型外固定器治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折22例。结果获随访20例，时间2～30个月，平均12个月。骨折全部愈合，愈合时间10～13周，平均12周。术后针孔感染4例，无深部感染发生，无骨折不愈合及髋内翻，髋关节功能恢复良好。结论滑动加压外固定器使用方便、灵活，兼有加压和滑动双重功能，能根据临床需求进行动静力固定转换，使固定更合理，能防止髋内翻及固定针滑脱或穿越股骨头等情况发生，是治疗高龄股骨粗隆间骨折患者较理想方法。     

可吸收螺钉和金属内固定治疗胫骨平台骨折疗效比较

目的回顾性评价可吸收螺钉和金属内固定治疗胫骨平台骨折的临床疗效。方法收治57例胫骨平台骨折患者，骨折按Schatzker分型，其中Ⅰ型15例，Ⅱ型21例，Ⅲ型9例，Ⅳ型12例，采用可吸收螺钉（A组）、空心拉力螺钉（B组）、髁支撑钢板（C组）内固定治疗。随访6～51个月，对骨折愈合情况、膝关节功能恢复情况行统计比较。结果本组患者全部获得骨性愈合，功能评价按Merchant膝关节功能评分法，A组优良率为84％（16／19），B组优良率为92％（11／12），C组优良率为85％（22／26），三组之间差异无统计学意义。结论可吸收螺钉治疗胫骨平台骨折，能取得和金属内固定装置一样的复位、固定效果，只要适应证掌握适当，其具有微创、并发症少、免除二次手术的优点。     

Chondrosarcoma of the bones of the feet

Twelve chondrosarcomas of the bones of the feet from 11 patients in the Scottish Bone Tumor Registry were reviewed. One patient with diaphyseal aclasis (osteochondromatosis) developed 2 chondrosarcomas. The mean age of patients was 52.3 years (range, 17 to 83 years). Men were predominantly affected. Four tumors affected the tarsal bones; the rest involved the short tubular bones. The usual clinical presentation was a painful, progressively enlarging swelling. Radiologically, most showed some bone expansion, cortical destruction with indistinct margins, and soft-tissue extension. Histologically, the majority were middle-grade tumors. Treatment included curettage or local excision for 4 tumors and amputation or ray resection for 8 tumors. Follow-up varied from 6 months to 18 years (average, 5.8 years). Local recurrence after surgery was seen in 3 patients. All 3 died because of metastases to the lungs or brain.     

二种远端蒂皮瓣治疗足踝部软组织缺损

目的:了解应用腓肠神经营养血管蒂皮瓣及胫后动脉内踝上皮支皮瓣修复足踝部软组织缺损的临床效果.方法:应用上述方法修复各种原因所致的足踝部软组织缺损共23例.结果:22例皮瓣全部成活,1例皮瓣远端1～2 cm皮肤坏死,皮瓣面积最大20 cm×10 cm,最小8 cm×4 cm,随访6个月～3年,效果满意.结论:应用这两种皮瓣手术简便,不损伤小腿主要血管,是修复足踝部轻组织缺损的较理想方法.     

自身增强-L-聚丙交酯螺钉治疗新鲜舟骨骨折

我院自1999年6月至2002年10月采用荷兰Biofix自身增强-L-聚丙交酯(SR-PUA)螺钉治疗新鲜舟骨骨折29例，疗效满意，报道如下：     

Muscarinic cholinergic mediation of opiate and non-opiate environmentally induced analgesias

Previous studies have demonstrated that brief front paw shock and brief hind paw shock produce prolonged opiate and non-opiate analgesia, respectively. Additionally, opiate analgesia can be classically conditioned by using either front paw shock or hind paw shock as the unconditioned stimulus. However, beyond this point little is known regarding the neurochemistry of these phenomena. The present series of studies examined the potential involvement of nicotinic and muscarinic cholinergic systems in these 3 forms of environmentally induced analgesia. These experiments demonstrate that muscarinic cholinergic sites within the central nervous system are critically involved in the mediation of both hind paw (non-opiate) foot shock-induced analgesia (FSIA) and classically conditioned (opiate) analgesia since scopolamine, but not equimolar methylscopolamine, significantly attenuated analgesia. Furthermore, the primary muscarine site(s) appears to exist at a supraspinal, rather than spinal, level since delivery of scopolamine directly to the lumbosacral cord produced, at most, only a slight decrease in analgesia. Nicotinic systems do not appear to be importantly involved in any of these forms of environmentally induced analgesias since mecamylamine had no effect on either front paw FSIA or hind paw FSIA and, at most, produced only a slight reduction in classically conditioned analgesia. These data and a review of the literature suggest that the critical cholinergic sites involved in hind paw FSIA exist within the caudal brainstem whereas cholinergic sites within more rostral brain levels probably mediate classically conditioned analgesia.     

A modified method of curve analysis in foot volumetry and its reference values

Summary. Foot volumetry was introduced by Norgren & Thulesius in 1973 as a noninvasive method of functional evaluation of venous insufficiency. In the following paper we suggest a slightly different method of curve analysis, thus showing the possibility of reducing the methodological error by 30–40%. Based on healthy men and women between 15 and 75 years, new reference values are presented.