小儿推拿各流派手法治疗外感风寒发热的临床运用及学术特点

总结山东"三字经"小儿推拿流派、孙重三小儿推拿流派、张汉臣小儿推拿流派、金义成海派小儿推拿、刘开运小儿推拿流派和深圳岭南小儿推拿各自的手法特色,介绍各流派治疗小儿外感风寒发热的取穴和方法,指出不同流派小儿推拿手法治疗小儿外感风寒发热均有较好的临床疗效,但操作和选穴不尽相同,各有针对性、地域性及传承性。     

Fine and gross motor skills predict later psychosocial maladaptation and academic achievement

BackgroundDifficulties in fine and gross motor skills are often overlooked as developmental problems, although approximately 6–13% of all school-age children have poor motor coordination. Understanding motor coordination is important from the perspective of school adaptation. This longitudinal cohort study aimed to determine whether fine and gross motor skills in preschool children predict later academic achievement and psychosocial maladaptation.Methods & ProceduresParticipants were 2,501 children from nursery and elementary schools (5–13 years old). The motor skills of preschool children were assessed by their nursery teacher immediately before entering elementary school. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and a standardized Japanese test were administered annually throughout elementary school.ResultsEarly motor difficulties in preschool children had significant effects on their academic achievement and psychosocial maladaptation up until the sixth grade. Gross motor difficulties in preschool were associated with the later peer problems and worsened emotional symptoms.ConclusionsMotor skills in preschool children are useful as a predictor of later psychosocial maladaptation and academic achievement.     

Longitudinal associations of physical fitness and body mass index with academic performance

No studies have analyzed the longitudinal associations of change in physical fitness components and obesity with academic performance. The aim of the study was to examine longitudinal associations of changes in physical fitness components and body mass index with academic performance among youth, and whether the physical fitness components are moderators of the longitudinal association between obesity and academic performance in youth. Longitudinal analyses (2 years) included 1802 youths. Physical fitness components were assessed following the ALPHA health‐related fitness test battery. Academic performance was assessed via school records. Youth in the persistently high cardiorespiratory fitness and motor ability categories (ie, fit at baseline and at 2‐year follow‐up) had higher academic performance at follow‐up than those in the persistently low category. Further, youth with normal weight at baseline and overweight/obesity at follow‐up had lower academic performance scores at follow‐up compared to those with normal weight. Also, cardiorespiratory fitness may ameliorate the negative influence of excess body mass index on academic performance at follow‐up. Promoting physical activity programs at school that include both aerobic exercise and motor tasks to improve physical fitness and reduce body mass index may not only improve physical health, but also contribute toward successful academic development.     

大学生言语能力及职业成就的刻板解释偏差

目的考察大学生对言语能力及其职业成就是否存在内隐性别刻板印象。方法运用两个SEB实验设计对85名大学生进行团体施测。结果①1-SEB1与0存在极显著差异(t=3.531,P<0.001),2-SEB1与0存在显著差异(t=-1.979,P<0.05),2-SEB2与0存在显著差异(t=-3.211,P<0.01);②在职业成就上,主语性别和成败表现对被试归因倾向的交互作用显著(F=34.828,P<0.01)。结论大学生具有"女性言语能力很强,但男性言语能力不一定很弱"及"男性在言语能力要求高的职业上成就大于女性"的内隐性别刻板印象。即使在承认女性言语能力很强的基础上,仍存在女性职业成就不如男性的内隐性别刻板观念。     

希望和大学生学业成就的关系自尊水平的调节作用

目的 调查希望、乐观与大学生学业成就的关系,以及自尊水平对此关系的调节作用.方法 对330名大学生进行了问卷调查,并利用层次回归的方法对数据进行分析.结果 希望的动力维度和大学生的学业成就相关显著（R =0.32,P＜0.01）;且在控制了相关的人口学变量之后,希望对学业成就的主效应仍然非常显著（R2 =0.073,P＜0.01）;自尊水平在希望预测大学生学业成就时的调节效应显著.结论 希望能显著的正向预测大学生的学业成就,乐观和学业成就相关不显著,这也说明了希望和乐观是两个独立的概念;自尊水平在希望预测大学生学业成就时起着调节的作用,希望对大学生学业成就的影响主要表现在中等自尊水平和低自尊水平的个体上.     

Parent–child attachment,academic performance and the process of high-school dropout: a narrative review

Poor academic performance is a strong predictor of school dropout. Researchers have tried to disentangle variables influencing academic performance. However, studies on preschool and early care variables are seldom examined when explaining the school dropout process. We reviewed the literature on the relationship between caregiver–child attachment and academic performance, including attachment studies from preschool years, seeking out potential contributions to academic performance and the dropout process. The review was organized according to a model of four main mediating hypotheses: the attachment-teaching hypothesis, the social network hypothesis, the attachment-cooperation hypothesis, and the attachment self-regulation hypothesis. The results of the review are summed up in a model. There is some support for all four hypotheses. The review indicates that attachment and early care contribute substantially to dropout and graduation processes. Mediation effects should be given far more attention in future research.     

Clarivate listed nursing journals in 2020: what they publish and how they measure use of social media

Objectives: To investigate what the most common types of articles that nursing journals purport to publish are and what they actually publish. And to investigate the extent to which academic nursing journals listed by Clarivate track alternative metrics.Methods: Journals included in the nursing Journal Citation Report (JCR) journal category in 2019 described as nursing were identified and considered suitable for inclusion in the analysis. Instructions for authors were reviewed online and mention of each type of article is identified. The tables of contents of each issue of each journal published during 2019 were examined and the types of articles published were extracted to a spreadsheet into permitted article types and published articles. Likewise, the use of alternative metrics by each journal was extracted to a spreadsheet. Pearson's and Spearman's correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between articles permitted and articles published.Results: In the 2020 JCR, 123 journals were listed. The most common article type permitted was original research (n = 117),followed by review papers (n = 116), and discussion papers (n = 63). Original research (n = 7045); review papers (n = 1268);discussion papers (n = 1225); editorials (n = 793) and commentaries (n = 776) were the most commonly published categories of the article. Of journals examined, 108 (96.8％) tracked mentions on social media and the Altmetric score was most commonly used (75％). There was a strong correlation (r = 0.73; P = 0.002) between the numbers of articles permitted and published and a strong correlation (ρ = 0.86; P < 0.001) in terms of the rankings of the permitted and published articles.Conclusions: There is a relationship between the most frequently permitted article types and those published, especially for the most frequent categories of both. Original articles, review papers, and discussion papers are the backbone of academic publishing in nursing with original articles vastly outweighing review and discussion papers. Most Clarivate listed journals now use some method of tracking alternative metrics indicating how seriously publishers take their social media profiles.     

Radiology and Social Media: Are Private Practice Radiology Groups More Social Than Academic Radiology Departments?

PurposeThis study assesses the prevalence of use of the most commonly used social media sites among private radiology groups (PRGs) and academic radiology departments (ARDs).MethodsThe 50 largest PRGs and the 50 ARDs with the highest level of funding from the National Institutes of Health were assessed for presence of a radiology-specific social media account on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Pinterest, YouTube, and LinkedIn. Measures of organizational activity and end-user activity were collected, including the number of posts and followers, as appropriate; between-group comparisons were performed.ResultsPRGs adopted Facebook 12 months earlier (P = .02) and Twitter 18 months earlier (P = .02) than did ARDs. A total of 76% of PRGs maintained ≥1 account on the social media sites included in the study, compared with 28% of ARDs (P < .0001). The prevalence of having an account on the social media sites for PRGs was: Facebook, 66%; LinkedIn, 56%; Twitter, 42%; YouTube, 20%; Pinterest, 4%; and Instagram, 2%. The prevalence of radiology-specific social media accounts for ARDs was: Facebook, 18%; LinkedIn, 0%; Twitter, 24%; YouTube, 6%; Pinterest, 0%; and Instagram, 0%. There was no significant difference between ARDs and PRGs in measures of end-user or organizational activity on Facebook or Twitter.ConclusionsUse of social media in health care is emerging as mainstream, with PRGs being early adopters of Facebook and Twitter in comparison with ARDs. Competitive environments and institutional policies may be strong factors that influence how social media is used by radiologists at the group and department levels.     

Indicators of early research productivity among primary care fellows

OBJECTIVE: Little is known about the impact of fellowship training in primary care on subsequent research productivity. Our goal was to identify characteristics of research fellows and their training associated with subsequent publications and research funding. DESIGN: Mail survey in 1998. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: 1988-1997 graduates of 25 National Research Service Award primary care research fellowships in the United States. OUTCOME MEASURES: 1) Publishing 1 or more papers per year since the beginning of fellowship, or 2) serving as principal investigator (PI) on a federal or non-federal grant. RESULTS: One hundred forty-six of two hundred fifteen program graduates (68%) completed the survey. The median age was 38 years, and 51% were male. Thirty-two percent had published 1 or more papers per year, and 44% were PIs. Male gender (odds ratio [OR], 3.6; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.4 to 9.2), self-reported allocation of 40% or more of fellowship time to research (OR, 4.4; 95% CI, 1.8 to 11.2), and having an influential mentor during fellowship (OR, 5.0; 95% CI, 1.5 to 17.2) were independently associated with publishing 1 or more papers per year. Fellows with funding as a PI were also more likely to have an influential mentor (OR, 3.0; 95% CI, 1.3 to 7.2). CONCLUSION: Primary care fellows who had influential mentors were more productive in research early after fellowship. Awareness of the indicators of early research success can inform the policies of agencies that fund research training and the curricula of training programs themselves.     

我国护理期刊学术影响力排名分析

[目的]分析我国护理期刊学术影响力排名,综合评价我国21种护理学统计源期刊学术影响力。[方法]以2014年版《中国科技期刊引证报告》(扩刊版)中21种护理期刊为研究对象,以总被引频次、影响因子、他引总引比、高被引论文数、来源文献量、平均引文数、地区分布数、Web下载量共8项指标为依据,赋予各项指标不同的权重,运用归一化加权法综合评价21种护理期刊的学术影响力。[结果]2014年21种护理学统计源期刊与全国6 345种科技期刊6项评价指标比较显示,总被引频次、影响因子、他引总引比、来源文献量、地区分布数5项评价指标均显著高于科技期刊平均水平,但平均引文数显著低于我国科技期刊的平均水平;运用多指标归一化加权法得出21种护理学统计源期刊的综合值,排名前5位的依次为《中华护理杂志》《护理研究》《中国实用护理杂志》《护士进修杂志》和《护理学杂志》;将本研究护理核心期刊排名情况与《中国科技期刊引证报告》进行比较,部分期刊在2个评价体系中排名有不同程度的上升或下降,存在综合值排名与影响因子排名分离的现象。[结论]我国护理期刊整体影响力较科技期刊平均水平高,但护理科研论文质量较其他科技期刊存在较大差距;运用多指标数据归一化加权法综合评价我国21种护理学统计源期刊的学术影响力,能作出全面、科学、准确的评价,真实反映护理期刊的影响力,能够为护理学术期刊自身发展及提高期刊影响力提供改进方向。