肺结核线索调查中X线胸透的代价和效益试评

用热释光剂量计测试了受检者胸透体表照射量，结果表明受检者体表照射量符合对数正态分布，几何均值为０．１９ｍＣ·ｋｇ－１，高于一般体检胸透照射量水平。根据危险度系数，估算出由此造成的辐射诱发恶性肿瘤危险度，男女分别为３．５５×１０－６和４．０５×１０－６，后裔遗传疾患的危险度均为４．０×１０－８，由此估计该次实践造成的人均寿命缩短时间为０．５２ｈ·人－１。利用江苏省结核病的患病率、死亡率、化疗治愈率估算出由此次实践带来的人均寿命延长时间为４５．８ｈ·人－１。     

逆行灌注心脏不停跳心肌保护的实验研究

目的：探讨逆行灌注心脏不停跳心肌保护的效果。方法：中国大白兔32只随机分为4组，每组8只，A组（对照组），B组（心脏不停跳组，血温34℃），C组（温血心脏麻痹液组，血温34℃），D组（冷血心脏麻痹液组，血温4℃）。采用离体兔心左室做功模型，经冠状静脉窦逆行灌注稀释血液或血停搏液60min。比较观察心功能、冠脉排出液心肌酶谱、心肌组织乳酸、心肌细胞内游离钙浓度、心肌细胞膜ATP酶活性、心肌细胞膜脂质过氧化产物丙二醛含量的变化。结果：B组心功能恢复、心肌细胞膜ATP酶活性显著优于C组和D组，C组优于D组；B组心肌酶漏出、乳酸生成量、心肌细胞内游离钙浓度、心肌细胞膜丙二醛（MDA）含量低于C组和D组，C组低于D组。结论：常温氧合血逆灌心脏不停跳良好的心肌保护效果与其减轻自由基损伤，较好地保持细胞内外Ca^2 平衡，减轻细胞内钙超载，保护细胞膜酶功能有关。     

护理人员工作中被针刺伤调查及对策

目的：了解护理人员被针刺伤的情况，为采取职业防护措施提供科学依据。方法：采用问卷调查法调查护理人员被针头伤的有关情况。结果：不同职称护理人员被针刺伤的情况存在差异高度显著性，P＜0．01；不同科室护理人员被针刺伤的操作环节比较均存在差异高度显著性，P＜0．01，绝大多数护理人员对针刺伤后的处理不规范。结论：护理人员应主动增强职业防护意识，加强职业防护管理；改进废弃的一次性医疗用品管理方法和尽快采用防刺性护理用具。     

钩端螺旋体核糖体提取物免疫保护作用的研究

作者对核糖体现有的制备方法进行了部分改进,从黄疸出血群赖型017株钩体中成功地制备了核糖体提取物。该提取物经SPA-ELISA 证实具有免疫原性,对40只受试豚鼠的保护试验结果表明,核糖体提取物对同型毒株的攻击具有明显的保护作用;结果还证明核糖体提取物能诱导机体的体液免疫反应。     

The mechanical and morphological properties of bone beneath internal fixation plates of differing rigidity

The internal fixation of diaphyseal fractures by bone plates is a well recognized treatment. The normal physiological stress of bone is reduced by plates that cause a negative balance of bone-remodeling processes. Many investigators have shown that the degree of stress protection is dependent on the rigidity of the plates. It was the aim of this study to quantify mechanical and morphological changes at different locations in a plated diaphyseal bone as a function of differing plate rigidity. Two types of plates with the same size but different materials were used. The stainless steel plates had a modulus of elasticity and bending stiffness 3.2 times higher than the carbon fiber reinforced carbon plates. Both types of plates were applied to the intact right and left femora of six foxhounds for 6 months. The stiffer stainless steel plates led to a significantly higher bone loss and correspondingly greater loss of mechanical properties. These effects were greatest directly beneath the plate and less with increasing distance from the plate.     

心理保健教育对入伍新兵人格特征的影响

目的：探讨心理保健教育对新兵个性特征的影响。方法：采用：采用修订的成人艾森克个性问卷（EPQ）对2180名新兵个性特征进行调查，尔后以《军人精神卫生保健常识》为教材对他们进行心理健康保健教育，三年后对1533名完成者再次进行EPQ调查。结果：新兵及其自身对照级精神质（P）量表分均低于袭氏和艾氏常模，而内外向（E）量表分、神经质（N）量表分和效度（L）量表分均低于袭氏和艾氏常模，新兵内外向（E）量表分高于其自身对照组，而精神质（P），神经质（N）及效度（L）量表分则低于其自身对照组，而中间、外向、倾向外向则高于自身对照组（P＜0．05）；情绪稳定性也以中间型为多（分别为65．27％和68．95％），稳定和中间入伍新兵低于自身对照组，而倾向不稳定和不稳入伍则高于自身对照组（P＜0．01）。结论：心理保健教育对新兵个性特征有积极的影响。     

Rate of PSA rise predicts metastatic versus local recurrence after definitive radiotherapy

: A rising prostate specific antigen (PSA) following treatment for adenocarcinoma of the prostate indicates eventual clinical failure, but the rate of rise can be quite different from patient to patient, as can the pattern of clinical failure. We sought to determine whether the rate of PSA rise could differentiate future local versus metastatistic failure.

: Two thousand six hundred sixty-seven PSA values from 400 patients treated with radiotherapy for localized adenocarcinoma of the prostate were analyzed with respect to PSA patterns and clinical outcome. Patients had received no hormonal therapy or prostate surgey and had ?4 PSA values post-treatment PSA rate of rise, determined by the slope of the natural log, was classified as gradual (< 0.69 log (ng/ml)/year, or doubling time (DT) > 1 year), moderate (0.69-1.4 log (ng/ml)/year, or DT 6 months-1 year), or rapid [>1.4 log (ng/ml)/year, or DT < 6 months].

: SIxty-one percent of patients had non-rising PSA following treatment; 25% of patients with rising PSA developed clinical failure, and 93% of patients with clinical failure had rising PSA. The rate of rise discerned different clinical failure patterns. Local failure occurred in 23% of patients with moderate rate of rise versus 7% with gradual rise (p = 0.0001). Metastatic disease developed in 46% of those with rapid versus 8% with moderate rise (p < 0.0001). By multivariate analysis, in addition to rate of rise, PSA nadir and rate of decline predicted local failure; those with post-treatment nadir of 1–4 ng/ml were five times more likely to experience local failure than nadir < 1 ng/ml (p = 0.0002). Rapid rate of rise was the most significant independent predictor of metastastic failure.

: The rate of PSA rise following definitive radiotherapy can predict clinical failure patterns, with a rapidly rising PSA indicating metastatic recurrence and moderately rising PSA local recurrence. This information could potentially dirent therapy; if the rise predicts metastatic failure hormonal therapy could be cosidereed, while aggressive salvage therapy may benefit subclinical local recurrence identified by a moderate rate of PSA rise.     

吉林放射事故病人血浆造血活性观察

目的观察病人血浆造血活性，了解其与照后造血功能变化的可能关系。方法以ＭＴＴ法测病人血浆对ＮＦＳ－６０、ＴＦ－１和ＢＥＴ－２细胞因子依赖细胞株在有或无相应细胞因子存在时的吸光度（４９２ｎｍ）。结果患者血清有类似ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ、ＩＬ－３和ＥＰＯ的刺激活性。血浆加入含ｒｈＧ－ＣＳＦ和ＥＰＯ的培养体系中可使ＮＦＳ－６０和ＢＥＴ－２细胞增殖受抑。上述变化与病人外周血白细胞、红细胞及血红蛋白的变化有相关之处。结论吉林辐射事故病人血浆中有粒系和红系造血抑制活性。     

工业X射线探伤防护剂量水平的研究

本文介绍了用实验方法研究不同管电压, 钢板厚度与散射线之间的关系.结果表明, 透射比随管电压升高而增加, 并随钢板厚度增加而下降；散射比随散射角的增大而逐渐下降, 至180°时为最低值。此研究为X射线探伤作业的辐射防护提供了依据。     

在体或离体大鼠肝细胞经消炎痛处理后对半乳糖胺损伤的反应

我们曾观察到消炎痛预处理能使大鼠对半乳糖胺肝损伤产生明显的保护作用,本研究利用大鼠肝细胞原代培养的方法进一步观察了达一现象。结果提示,消炎痛整体处理可使肝细胞本身获得抗损伤的能力,而这种抗损伤能力的形成可能有赖于肝细胞外其它因素的参与。