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51.
Heinrich Schulze Mönking Wilhelm P. Hornung Karl Stricker Gerhard Buchkremer 《European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience》1997,247(1):31-34
This study examines the correlation between development of expressed emotion (EE) in relatives and course of illness of 99
DSM-III schizophrenic patients. Patients whose relatives were high EE at baseline and at the 2nd CFI approximately 20 months
later had a poor prognosis at the very outset of the study and an unfavourable course of illness. They had a higher rehospitalisation
rate, more symptoms, lower psychosocial assessment, and a poorer 2-year and even 8-year outcome. Patients from families with
a fluctuating EE or a consistently low EE had better courses. Expessed emotion is therefore a valid predictor not only of
symptomatic relapses, but also of other important aspects of schizophrenia. The connection between EE index and course of
illness seerns not to be simply reactive or causal, but complex and non-uniform. 相似文献
52.
Résumé La rencontre entre patient et thérapeute dans la relation de soins met en présence non seulement deux individus, mais aussi
deux systèmes de pensée. Elle suppose donc l'articulation de deux types de savoirs, profane d'une part et scientifique d'autre
part. La clarification et la prise en compte des représentations du patient à propos de l'atteinte dont il souffre constitue
un enjeu important de la relation. Il en va de même des attentes du thérapeute par rapport à ce qu'il considère comme un comportement
douloureux adéquat, par exemple. Faute de la prise en compte des modèles de référence explicites et implicites tant du patient
que du thérapeute, la relation peut déboucher sur des malentendus, des réactions d'agressivité, d'anxiété, et conduire à une
rupture de cette relation.
Summary The patient-therapist relationship involves not only two individuals, but also two systems of thinking. It calls forth lay knowledge on the one hand and scientific knowledge on the other hand. The patient's representations about his pain and suffering may play an important role in the patient-health care provider relationship and thus need to be clarified and taken into account. This need also holds true where the therapist's expectations are concerned, for example with regard to what is considered as an adequate pain behavior. Failing to take into account the explicit and implicit models of both the patient and the therapist may lead to misunderstandings, aggressive behaviors, anxious reactions, and thus hamper or even disrupt the patient-therapist relationship.
相似文献
53.
M. NISKANEN A. KARI P. NIKKI E. IISALO L. KAUKINEN V. RAUHALA E. SAARELA 《Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica》1994,38(6):587-593
Prognostic factors determining the outcome from intensive care were studied in 952 patients admitted to 25 Finnish ICUs after gastroenterologic emergency. Logistic regression analysis was used to create predictive models based on the APACHE II–system. The models were constructed by using data from a random two–thirds of the study population and validated in the remaining independent one–third together with the original APACHE II–index. The Acute Physiology Score, age, and a pre–existing liver disease were the three most important determinants of outcome. The inclusion of the TISS score describing the intensity of treatment into a model did not enhance the accuracy of the prediction. Our models were better calibrated than the original APACHE II–equation when tested by the goodness–of–fit –statistics. These statistical models may help the clinicians to predict the outcome for an individual patient by providing them information about the relative impacts of predictive factors or about the probability of death. These probabilities should be interpreted cautiously, taking into acount the limitations of statistical methods. This is especially important when assessing the highrisk patients. Their number in our study was too low for accurate outcome prediction. 相似文献
54.
Anne‐Marie Baronet 《Family relations》2003,52(2):137-142
This study examined the impact of family support and relationship difficulties between the caregiver and the care recipient on caregivers' satisfaction received from caregiving activities and subjective burden. Ninety‐seven individuals caring for a spouse or an adult child with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder participated in the study. Using hierarchical multiple regression analyses, findings showed that relationship difficulties between the caregiver and the care recipient were associated with both satisfaction received from caregiving activities and subjective burden, after the effects of personal, contextual, and stressor variables were controlled. Family support was not associated with caregivers' appraisal of the situation. 相似文献
55.
普通外科危重患者围手术期的营养支持 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5
目的:研究普通外科危重患者围手术期营养支持的临床疗效。方法:对1995年以来147例普通外科危重患者围手术期营养支持应用情况进行了分析,腹部手术138例(93.9%),颈部手术9例(6.1%),采用以全胃肠外营养(TPN)为主的阶段性营养支持方法补充营养。深静脉置管方法:经颈内静脉置管132例(89.8%)、腋静脉11例(7.5%)、股静脉4例(2.7%),使用单腔导管127例(86.4%),双腔20例(13.6%),41例(27.9%),放置肠内营养(EN)管。106例(72.1%)为TPN→PN 口服饮食→口服饮食,41例(27.9%)为TPN→PN EN→EN→EN 口服饮食→口服饮食。结果:本组营养支持期间无置管和代谢并发症。142例(96.6%)康复,5例(3.4%)死于原发病。结论:普通外科危重患者围手术期营养支持是重要辅助治疗方法,可保证手术安全,促进术后康复。 相似文献
56.
Sisko Salo-Chydenius 《Occupational therapy international》1996,3(3):174-189
The primary purpose of this study was to apply an occupational therapy programme for social skills training based on a cognitive-behavioural frame of reference to individuals with long-term mental illness. The goal of the social skills training group was to enable patients to develop verbal and non-verbal communication skills that could be generalised to everyday interpersonal encounters. A case example of the application of social skills training with a 38-year-old single male with a diagnosis of paranoid schizophrenia is described. The Group-Interaction Skills Survey developed by the author served as an outcome measure. Qualitative data confirmed the researcher's hypothesis that individuals with long-term mental illness can benefit from social skills training using a combination of role-playing, sociodrama, videotape recordings and creative media. Copyright © 1996 Whurr Publishers Ltd. 相似文献
57.
58.
Photic evoked responses were recorded from the striate cortex of Long-Evans hooded intact, monocular visual deprivation (MD) and MD treated with NGF rats. The averaged visual evoked responses (AVER) were obtained from both hemispheres and provided comparison after binocular photic stimuli between the contralateral and the ipsilateral striate cortex with relation to the MD eye. One month of monocular visual deprivation at the critical period of development resulted in marked reduction of the amplitudes of AVER components as compared to the control recordings (P < 0.001). These changes of the AVER could be prevented by NGF infusion to lateral ventricle at the dosage of 2.0–2.4 μg/day for four weeks during the monocular deprivation. In conclusion, the change of AVER amplitudes induced by monocular visual deprivation during the critical period of development can be prevented by NGF infusion to lateral ventricle. 相似文献
59.
自1992年3月至1994年5月,对中原地区4个省20多个县(市)近200个单位33555名20~75岁的已婚妇女,进行妇科疾病发生情况与年龄、职业、文化、月经、孕产等五种因素关系的调查分析。在33555名妇女中,患病者22370人,总患病率为66.67%,查出妇科疾病42种,计76974例次。结果证明:以25~35岁年龄组发病率最高,其中以内生殖器炎症为主;职业以经商者发病率高,特别是性病患者高于其他职业者二倍以上;文化程度以小学、初中者发病率高,尤其宫颈炎更明显;月经情况:随着经前期紧张综合征的加重,更年期综合征发病率增高;孕产次数越多,患病率越高。本次调查未发现宫颈癌,进一步证明我国对妇女保健工作的关心和重视。 相似文献
60.
背景 乳腺癌位居全球女性癌因死亡首位,具有发病率高、疾病负担重等特点。目的 评估1990—2019年中国女性乳腺癌发病率及死亡率的流行变化趋势。方法 提取《2019年全球疾病负担》数据库中1990—2019年中国≥15岁女性乳腺癌发病及死亡数据,应用年龄-时期-队列的贝叶斯模型对中国1990—2019年女性乳腺癌发病及死亡趋势进行拟合,进一步估计中国女性乳腺癌发病及死亡风险中的年龄效应、时期效应和队列效应。结果 1990—2019年中国女性乳腺癌粗发病率从14.14/10万升至52.81/10万,粗死亡率从7.22/10万升至13.40/10万。乳腺癌标化发病率总体呈上升趋势(1990年为17.07/10万,2019年为35.61/10万),标化死亡率呈平稳略减趋势(1990年为9.16/10万,2019年为8.98/10万)。年龄-时期-队列模型分析结果显示:所有年龄组女性乳腺癌发病率净漂移值为2.58%〔95%CI(2.34%,2.83%)〕,局部漂移值在65~69岁年龄段达到最高,为3.46%〔95%CI(3.11%,3.80%)〕;死亡率净漂移值为-0.75%〔95%CI(-1... 相似文献