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101.
102.
The hydrodynamic characteristics and mass transfers of halide quaternary salts between two immiscible phases in a stirred membrane permeation cell were investigated. The concentration of quaternary salt, temperature, solvent and the four kinds of halide quaternary salts were evaluated to achieve the extractive optimum condition. The diffusivity, overall mass‐transfer coefficients and individual mass‐transfer coefficients were determined and correlated in terms of the conventional Sh‐Re‐Sc relationship. The transfer time of quaternary salts across the membrane and the thickness of the hydrodynamic diffusion boundary layer were determined as well, so as to characterize the extractive phenomenon of quaternary salts between the two phases that is useful in phase‐transfer catalysis. 相似文献
103.
P. Bocchetta C. Sunseri A. Bottino G. Capannelli G. Chiavarotti S. Piazza F. Di Quarto 《Journal of Applied Electrochemistry》2002,32(9):977-985
Alumina membranes were fabricated by anodizing aluminium metal in 0.15 M oxalic acid. The growth kinetics of the porous layer were investigated in the temperature range –1 to 16 °C using linear potential scans up to 70 V. The faradaic efficiencies of metal oxidation and of porous layer formation, determined by applying Faraday's law, were found to be independent of both temperature and electrical charge. SEM analysis of the metal-side and solution-side surfaces revealed different morphologies. After dissolution of the barrier layer in phosphoric acid, the metal-side surface showed circular pores whose size of about 90 nm was found to be uniform and independent of temperature. The pore population was also practically independent of temperature and a value of about 4 × 1013 pores m–2 was determined. On the solution-side surface the presence of a deposit partially occluding the mouths of pores was observed. This coating could be removed by chemical etching in NaOH or thermal treatment at 870 °C, where decomposition of oxalate occurs. This supports the hypothesis that the deposit consists of an aluminium salt containing oxalate anions precipitated from the solution. The results show that it is possible to control the morphological characteristics of the anodic alumina membranes by careful choice of experimental conditions. 相似文献
104.
105.
A mode based on an additive mechanism of heat transfer is proposed for forced convection subcooled boiling of binary mixtures. The contributing modes of heat transfer are: (i) the heat transferred as latent heat by the rising bubbles, (ii) the heat transferred as the heat contained in the superheated thermal layer that is removed from the surface in the wake of the rising bubbles and (iii) the single phase forced convection heat transfer from the heating surface not influenced by the bubbles. Experimental data from the literature on binary systems show good agreement with the model, validating the postulated mechanism. 相似文献
106.
The process of mechanoluminescence transformation of a pulse pressure sensor is considered. The process consists in excitation
of emission under the action of mechanical loading. An algorithm for use in processing the output optical signal of the sensor
that makes it possible to determine an input shock pulse is presented.
__________
Translated from Izmeritel’naya Tekhnika, No. 10, pp. 28–31, October, 2007. 相似文献
107.
108.
Sei-Ichi Aiba Masato Izume Norihiko Minoura Yukihiko Fujiwara 《Polymer International》1985,17(1):38-40
Chitin membrane was prepared by casting a N,N-dimethyl acetamide, N-methyl 2-pyrrolidone and lithium chloride (DMA-NMP-LiCl)solution of chitin and coagulating with several media. The effect of the coagulants on membrane formation was studied. 2-Propanol was found to be more favourable than methanol, ethanol, acetone and mixtures of 2-propanol and water. The membrane obtained in 2-propanol was subjected to annealing. Annealing made the membrane dense and strong. The tensile strength of the membrane annealed at 145°C for 2hr was about twice that of an unannealed membrane. The solute permeability of the annealed membranes was lower than that of the original one. These phenomena could be clearly interpreted in terms of crystallinity. 相似文献
109.
110.
C R Chakravorty 《Bulletin of Materials Science》1994,17(6):733-745
Magnesium-lithium alloys are among the lowest density metallic materials. Addition of lithium, with a relative density of
0·53, in magnesium reduces the density of the alloy significantly. Furthermore, addition of nearly 11 wt.% lithium converts
hexagonal close packed structure of pure magnesium to a body centered cubic lattice, markedly improving formability of the
alloy. The development of these alloys, however, had been hampered due to the high reactivity of lithium and magnesium in
the molten state and also, due to poor creep resistance and instability of mechanical properties at room temperature. In an
attempt to indigenize these ultra light alloys for possible applications in Indian satellite programme, detailed research
work was initiated in DMRL. The difficulties associated with producing sound cast ingots have been overcome by controlling
melting and casting parameters of these alloys. Extensive work has been done on structure-property correlation of alloys with
varying lithium content and minor alloying additions. Based on these work, advanced magnesium-lithium alloys have been developed
with improved tensile properties, room temperature stability and creep resistance. Wrought products (plates/sheets) of magnesium-lithium
alloy have been supplied to ISAC, Bangalore and are being used in their INSAT-2 programme. This paper describes the systematic
studies carried out in the laboratory to indigenize these ultra light alloys. 相似文献