微细电火花加工技术的最新进展及应用实例

介绍了微细电火花加工技术的最新进展，并以一些最新的应用实例反映了该技术的发展趋势和应用前景。     

钛基复合材料激光熔覆层显微组织及其强化机制

利用激光熔覆技术在Ti-6A1-4V合金表面制备了TiC增强钛基复合材料涂层，复合材料的硬度明显高于基体，平均硬度可达940HV0.2。对复合材料的显微组织分析表明：TiC增强钛基复合材料的强化机制以细晶强化和弥散强化为主。     

带侧孔塑料斜齿轮注射模设计

以塑料斜齿轮注射模为例,介绍了一种动作可靠,结构简单、新颖的斜齿轮注射模脱模机构,并对塑件成型工艺、模具结构、浇注系统设计、抽芯机构等进行了分析和探讨。     

硬质合金-碳钢镶铸件组织及结合机理的研究

通过扫描电镜、能谱分析等方法对硬质合金-碳钢镶铸件结合层的显微组织、化学成分进行了研究，并探讨了镶铸双金属耐磨材料的结合机理。实验结果表明：结合层是由窄小的铁素体带和多元共析体 条块状WC组成，界面元素发生扩散及冶金反应并有新相产生，呈典型的冶金结合。     

镁合金化学镀镍层的结合机理

镁合金在直接化学镀前的活化处理时，表面生成一层氟化物保护膜，溶解度计算及XPS分析表明，氟化物膜在镀液中可稳定存在，用SEM，XPS，SAM考察了初始沉积Ni，镀层横截面以及开裂后的断面形貌与成分，发现在镀层与基体之间存在着氟化物，镀液成分与Ni的混杂层，这一混杂层是镀层与基体结合的最薄弱环节，镀层开裂通常首先发生在此混杂层内。     

高强高导Cu-0.1Ag-0.11Cr合金的强化机制

Cu-Ag-Cr合金是一种高强度高电导新型材料.采用真空熔炼的方法制备了Cu-Ag-Cr合金,经合适的工艺处理后,在电导率基本上不降低的前提下,能显著提高合金的强度和硬度,抗拉强度达到529 MPa,电导率为92.11%(IACS),基本满足对铜合金高强高导的性能要求.在同样条件下,与Cu-Ag合金相比,其强度和硬度的提高主要是由共格析出强化造成,由于析出相尺寸较大,以Orowan机制强化,强化效应与采用Orowan强化机制计算的结果非常接近.     

Effect of Al<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript> particles on the microstructure and sliding wear of 7075 Al alloy manufactured by squeeze casting method

Aluminum (Al) alloy 7075 reinforced with Al₂O₃ particles was prepared using the stir casting method. The microstructure of the cast composites showed some degree of porosity and sites of Al₂O₃ particle clustering, especially at high-volume fractions of Al₂O₃ particles. Different squeeze pressures (25 and 50 MPa) were applied to the cast composite during solidification to reduce porosity and particle clusters. Microstructure examinations of the squeeze cast composites showed remarkable grain refining compared with that of the matrix alloy. As the volume fraction of particles and applied squeeze pressure increased, the hardness linearly increased. This increase was related to the modified structure and the decrease in the porosity. The effect of particle volume fraction and squeeze pressure on the dry-sliding wear of the composites was studied. Experiments were performed at 10, 30, and 50 N with a sliding speed of 1 m/s using a pin-on-ring apparatus. Increasing the particle volume fraction and squeeze pressure improved the wear resistance of the composite compared with that of the monolithic alloy, because the Al₂O₃ particles acted as load-bearing constituents. Also, these results can be attributed to the fact that the application of squeeze pressure during solidification led to a reduction in the porosity, and an increase in the solidification rate, leading to a finer structure. Moreover, the application of squeeze pressure improved the interface strength between the matrix and Al₂O₃ particles by elimination of the porosity at the interface, thereby providing better mechanical locking.     

Nitridation Kinetics of Silicon Monocrystal and Morphology of Nitride Film

Basing on TGA (thermal gravimetric analysis) of thermal nitridation at l200, l250, l300℃, respectively,analysis of high temperature kinetics for nitridation of silicon monocrystal has been carried out. According tothe theory for kinetics of reaction of vapour with solid phase a nitridation kinetic model, from which it can beshown thal the rate of nitridation reaction of silicon crystal should be controlled by three stage limiting factors,was proposed. These limiting factors are chemical reaction, chemical reaction mixed with diffusion and diffu-sion. Using this model to treat our experimental data, satisfactory correlation coefficient and apparentactivation energy of nitridation of p-type (lll) silicon crystal have been obtained. The nitride film was identi'fied to be a-Si_3N_4 (Hexagonal, a=0.7758nm,c_o=0.5623nm) by X-ray diffraction analysis. Morphology ofthe nitride films formed in different nitridation duration was observed in both planar andcross-sectional viewsby SEM (scanning electron microscope).     

冷拉珠光体钢丝的组织演变及性能变化

研究了冷拉70钢的组织演变和性能变化。结果表明,随应变量的提高,70钢的抗拉强度和硬度均提高,抗拉强度、硬度与真应变之间呈线性关系。利用场发射扫描电镜(FEM)对70钢冷拉变形过程中的组织演变进行了分析。变形过程中珠光体团发生转动,取向与拉拔轴线趋于一致,渗碳体经历了弯曲、剪切、拉伸等变形,形变量较大时渗碳体大量溶解。