N-烷基苯并三氮唑阳离子表面活性剂的合成及性能

以苯并三氮唑、不同链长的卤代烷烃、硫酸二甲酯为原料合成了几种N-烷基苯并三氮唑阳离子表面活性剂,通过IR1、HNMR对中间产物进行结构表征,并对最终产物进行定性分析。测定了所得产物的表面活性和发泡性能,结果表明,合成的N-丁基、辛基、十二烷基、十六烷基苯并三氮唑阳离子表面活性剂最低表面张力分别为:51.0 mN/m、36.5 mN/m、33.4 mN/m、35.4 mN/m;临界胶束浓度分别为:9.0×10-2mol/L、4.8×10-2mol/L、3.0×10-3mol/L、9.7×10-3mol/L。N-丁基、辛基、十二烷基苯并三氮唑阳离子表面活性剂最低表面张力随烷基链增长而降低,但N-十六烷基苯并三氮唑阳离子表面活性剂的最低表面张力却高于N-十二烷基苯并三氮唑阳离子表面活性剂的最低表面张力。合成的表面活性剂中,N-十二烷基苯并三氮唑阳离子表面活性剂的发泡性能最佳,而所有的泡沫稳定性均较差。     

Silica Nanoboxes as New Nano-structured Materials: Their Secondary Synthesis from Alumina-Rich Zeolites

Novel silica nanoboxes were prepared by controlled dealumination of Na-X and Ca-A type zeolites using ammonium hexafluorosilicate (AHFS). The silica-richer the parent zeolite, the smaller the average pore size produced and the narrower the pore size distribution obtained. This was due to the specific reactivity of the extracting agent with the zeolite framework aluminum atoms. High temperature calcination of the dealuminated X-zeolite (ammonium form) resulted in mesoporous materials exhibiting an ink-bottle shape, a quite high surface area (330 m²/g, no micropores), an average pore diameter of 4.5 nm with a quite narrow pore size distribution (± 1.0 nm) and finally, a pore opening diameter of 3.9 nm. The latter was determined by using the nitrogen sorption isotherms (BET technique) and related pore volume data. The sorption behavior also suggested the interconnecting character of the newly created nanoboxes. The periodicity of these nanoboxes throughout the mesoporous material was clearly shown by X-ray powder diffraction at very small angles. These materials, herein called monomodal nanoboxes because of the absence of micropores in the structure, were also thermally stable. Incorporation of orthosilicate into the obtained silica nanoboxes, in accordance with the recently developed technique for pore size engineering in zeolites, led to materials with smaller pore openings but having almost the same textural properties. Solid superacidic materials were prepared by incorporating a liquid superacid (triflic acid or trifluoromethanesulfonic acid) into the silica nanoboxes using the wet impregnation technique. The maximum triflic acid loading which did not significantly affect the mesoporous framework of the materials was 24 wt%. As a reference, the maximum loading of less acidic sulfuric acid was slightly lower. All this showed the high chemical stability of the silica nanoboxes for supporting very acidic species. Temperature-programmed desorption using a combined DTA/TGA system allowed the identification of the bound phases and some liquid phase of the loaded triflic acid.     

Exploration of mesoporous structure of tunisian raw and acid-leached phosphate ore particles

Rock phosphate fractions were examined for their porous structure by nitrogen adsorption. The pore size distribution and the shape of pores does not seem to depend on the particle size. The specific surface area values present two regions, one above and one below that of the particles with 125 μrn diameter. Particles of a given size were leached with dilute phosphoric acid (1.5 mass% P₂O₅) at 25°C. It was observed that there is a widening of the initial pores during leaching. The particles collected at the initial period of the reaction are pitted and those collected at the final period are disintegrated.     

基于三次样条插值的亚像素边缘检测方法

为了实现图像边缘的亚像素定位,针对阶跃形式的边缘类型,提出了一种基于三次样条插值的亚像素边缘检测算法,根据样条插值原理,获得一维边缘的连续灰度分布,通过计算边缘点两侧三次样条函数的二阶导数为零点,实现一维边缘点的亚像素定位;利用一维曲面拟合方法,获得边缘投影方向,根据一维曲面投影方向像素灰度不变理论,利用投影公式将数字窗口中所有三维点投影到相同的投影平面,从而可将二维边缘检测问题转化为一维边缘检测,利用一维边缘检测方法获得边缘点位置,结合投影方向,最终实现二维边缘定位。通过与现有亚像素边缘检测方法的比较,可知算法对噪声具有较好的鲁棒性,同时计算时间相对较快,因此在实际应用中具有较好的适用性。     

沉淀法白炭黑化学指标与胶料物理性能的关系

分析了沉淀法白炭黑BET，CTAB，Ssears比表面，DBP吸油值，平均粒径与粒径分布对胶料物理性能的影响。得出结论：满足轮胎综合力学性能的沉淀法白炭黑应为低BET比表面积，低BET与CTAB比，高BET与Ssears比，适中的DBP吸油值，中值粒径小且易崩解的产品。     

水化放热曲线在研究铝酸钙水泥和浇注料中的应用

为了预测水泥或浇注料的凝结性和强度发展趋势,取1500g按一定程序搅拌好的水泥胶砂或浇注料,迅速倒入模具中,振动10s后置入j-型热电偶,由计算机绘制出其水化放热曲线。浇注料的水化放热曲线形貌不仅能反映水泥的矿物组成和反应活性,而且能反映浇注料中其他原材料(如骨料、氧化铝或二氧化硅微粉和外加剂等)和作业环境对水泥及浇注料的影响,为此可用于水泥与浇注料流变特性的研究和控制,同时也为浇注料用原材料的甄选提供了一种有用的工具。     

多壁纳米碳管的超声短切处理

采用超声方法对多壁纳米碳管进行短切处理，比较系统地考察了超声时间对纳米碳管的长度、孔结构和形貌的影响。结果表明，超声粉碎可以有效地短切多壁纳米碳管，随超声时间的延长，纳米碳管的长度显著减小。在超声处理120min后，纳米碳管被短切到平均长度为400nm。超声短切后的纳米碳管比表面积和孔容均显著增加。进一步延长超声时间，其比表面积和孔容反而下降。     

带中心管兼作法兰的管板的简化计算

对现行设计规范中未提到的带中心管兼作法兰的管板的计算进行探讨，介绍了一种以弹性应力分析理论为依据，将管板管化为受均匀载荷的实心圆平板的计算方法。     

冷桥用PA66挤出异型条专用料研究

介绍采用双螺杆挤出机生产冷桥用PA66挤出异型条专用料的配方及工艺。该专用料以PA66为主体原料，经玻纤，改性剂，滑石粉共混改性制成。分析了几种改性材料对冷桥用PA66挤出异型条专用料性能的影响，并探讨了PA66自身性能对专用料性能的影响。该专用料经有关厂家使用，其性能达到使用要求。     

粉粒体表面改性技术及其应用

在介绍粉粒体表面改性的方法、特点的基础上，着重介绍用高速气流冲击法进行表面改性的３种基本处理形式、材料组合的影响因素、原料配比的计算方法及应用实例。