无纺布改性膜的制备及其抗污染性能研究

利用原子转移自由基聚合（ATRP）方法引发乙烯基吡咯烷酮（NVP）在聚丙烯无纺布膜表面接枝聚合。聚合物在膜上的接枝度随着接枝时间的增加而增加。傅里叶红外光谱分析表明了NVP在膜表面的成功接枝聚合;扫面电子显微镜观察表明接枝反应使膜的表面粗糙度增加,孔径降低;改性膜表面的亲水性增加,水动态接触角由基膜的113°降至改性后52.1°。静态蛋白质（BSA）吸附试验用来评价改性膜的抗蛋白质污染能力,结果显示改性膜表面BSA的吸附量降低了82.5%。通过纯水和活性污泥上清液过滤试验来分析改性膜的渗透和抗污染性能,结果表明和无纺布基膜相比,改性膜的抗污染能力大大提高,通量衰减率由基膜的91.93%降低到74.60%。     

Hydrophilic modification of poly(vinylidene fluoride) membrane with poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) via a cross‐linking reaction

A highly hydrophilic hollow fiber poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) membrane [PVDF‐cl‐poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) membrane] was prepared by a cross‐linking reaction with the hydrophilic PVP, which was immobilized firmly on the outer surface and cross‐section of the PVDF hollow fiber membrane via a simple immersion process. The cross‐linking between PVDF and PVP was firstly verified via nuclear magnetic resonance measurement on PVP solution after cross‐linking. The hydrophilic stability of the modified PVDF membrane was evaluated by measuring the pure water flux after different times of immersion and drying. The anti‐fouling properties were estimated by cyclic filtration of protein solution. When the cross‐linking time was as long as 6 hr and the PVP content reached 5 wt %, the pure water flux (J_v) was constant as ～ 600 L m^?2 hr^?1. The hydrophilicity of the PVDF‐cl‐PVP membrane was significantly enhanced and exhibited a good stability. The PVDF‐cl‐PVP membrane showed an excellent anti‐protein‐fouling performance during the cyclic filtration of bovine serum albumin solution. Therefore, a highly hydrophilic and anti‐protein‐fouling PVDF hollow fiber membrane with a long‐term stability can be prepared by a simple and economical cross‐linking process with PVP. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013     

Bacteriological effects of functionalized cotton dressings

This study aims to achieve effects of improved hydrophilicity and microorganism inhibition, which are rarely simultaneously present in wound dressings. Cotton gauzes were modified using the grafting of a polymer-based β-cyclodextrin. After optimizing the grafting conditions, the untreated and modified cellulosic samples were principally characterized using FT-IR spectroscopy, TGA/DTA analysis, in vitro drug release, and wettability measurements. In light of desired characteristics of wound dressings, the effectiveness of procedures was evaluated. It was found that contact angles for cotton gauzes decreased after functionalization, which means that hydrophilicity was proven to become excellent. A successful Methylene Blue complexation was confirmed through measure of the dyebath exhaustion using UV-spectrophotometry. Then, during Methylen Blue release test, we reported an initial burst release of active ingredient over 7?h, followed by zero-order release. The treatment effect on antimicrobial activity was investigated by growth inhibition, which was proven against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.     

Preparation and characterization of poly(ethylene terephthalate) copolyesters and fibers modified with sodium-5-sulfo-bis-(hydroxyethyl)-isophthalate and poly(ethylene glycol)

New copolyesters were successfully prepared with SIPE and PEG units designated as cationic dyeable polyester and easy cationic dyeable polyester. The number average molecular weight of PEG unit is 6000 (abbreviated as PEG6000). Corresponding copolyesters were spun into fibers with melt spinning method. Chemical and crystalline structures were characterized by the NMR and WAXD measurement, and thermal properties were tested by Differential Scanning Calorimetry and Thermogravimetric Analysis, respectively. NMR experimental results indicated the actual molar ratio of comonomers was basically consistent with the correlative feed ratio. WAXD results showed that crystalline structures of prepared copolyesters were similar to that of Poly(ethylene terephthalate). Moreover, the glass transition temperature, melting temperature, and thermal degradation temperature were found to decrease with the increase in weight ratio of PEG6000 units since the incorporation of higher PEG6000 content brought more ether bonds into molecular chains, which increased the asymmetry and irregularity of molecular chains and led to lower crystallinity. Besides, when content of PEG6000 increased, the breaking tenacity and initial modulus were reduced, yet elongation at break enhanced. It suggested that PEG6000 segments reduced the symmetry of molecular chains and decreased the orientation degree of fibers. In addition, because the incorporation of higher weight percentage of PEG6000 led to more hydroxyl end groups and ether bonds in molecular chains, the moisture regain of fibers increased, manifesting fibers had better hydrophilicity with increasing weight ratio of PEG6000 components.     

接枝改性尼龙66织物的吸湿性和燃烧成炭性

采用化学接枝法将2-丙烯酰氨基-2-甲基-1-丙磺酸(AMPS)和甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯(HEMA)共同接枝到尼龙66织物表面,研究单体质量分数、反应时间和反应温度对接枝率的影响。结果显示,优化的接枝反应条件为:单体质量分数15%,反应温度80℃,反应时间2 h;采用衰减全反射-红外光谱(ATR-FTIR)以及扫描电镜(SEM)对接枝织物进行结构表征,表明AMPS与HEMA成功地接枝到织物表面;热重分析(TGA)表明接枝后织物的热分解温度降低,残炭率提高。织物接枝后吸湿性提高,接枝率为8.8%时,润湿时间从417.3 s降低到25.2 s;熔滴数明显减少,机械性能有所提高。     

PHBV/PCL静电纺纤维膜的低温等离子处理研究

采用氮气和氦气作为处理气氛,对聚羟基丁酸羟基戊酸共聚酯(PHBV)/聚己内酯(PCL)静电纺纤维膜进行等离子体表面改性处理,以改善纤维膜的亲水性。通过接触角测试表征其亲水性,探讨了等离子体处理工艺对亲水性的影响;用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)仪测定纤维膜的表面基团含量,对比氮气和氦气的处理效果;用扫描电镜测试纤维膜表面的微观形态变化。结果表明:PHBV/PCL纤维膜在氮气和氦气气氛下,经等离子体处理对纤维膜的亲水性改善效果显著,氮气的处理效果优于氦气;随着处理功率或处理时间的增加,纤维膜的亲水性呈现先增强后减弱的趋势;在氮气气氛,处理功率30 W,时间2 min条件下,等离子体处理对纤维膜的表面有一定的刻蚀作用,且随着处理功率的增加而趋于明显,但纤维膜的质量损失不显著。     

Synthesis of functional diamond-like carbon nanocomposite films containing titanium dioxide nanoparticles

Synthesis of diamond-like carbon (DLC) films with UV-induced-hydrophilicity function was studied by inductively-coupled plasma (ICP) chemical vapor deposition. Titanium tetraisopropoxide (TTIP) and oxygen gases were employed as the precursors to deposit diamond-like nanocomposite films containing titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles. X-ray diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy revealed that TiO₂ nanocrystallites were formed in the DLC films when oxygen concentration was higher than TTIP concentration during deposition. The DLC nanocomposite film was hydrophobic without ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, and became highly hydrophilic under UV irradiation, exhibiting the self-cleaning effect. A very broad peak centered at 1580 cm^− 1 was observed in the Raman spectra confirming the formation of DLC films. The hardness of the film was about 8 GPa with a stress of 3 GPa. ICP was essential in forming the photocatalytic TiO₂ nanoparticles in the DLC matrix.     

TiO2薄膜的液相沉积法制备及其性能表征

采用液相沉积法（LPD）制备了透明TiO2薄膜,并研究了所制薄膜的形貌、结构和在紫外光照射下亲水性能的变化．结果表明,用此法制得的TiO₂薄膜较为均匀致密,热处理前后的薄膜具有相似的亲水性能,在紫外光照射下亲水性能都有提高．热处理后的薄膜在紫外光照射一定时间后可与水完全润湿．     

表面亲水防蜡复合涂料的研制

1 研制复合涂料的构想辽河油田采用在管线的内壁附一层光滑玻璃内衬的方法防止管线结蜡 ,取得了很好的效果。首先 ,玻璃表面光滑致密与石油间的摩擦阻力小 ,石油中流动的石蜡质不易在它的表面附着并沉积 ;另外 ,原油是含有大量水的混合体系 ,而水对玻璃表面有很好的浸润 ,因此 ,玻璃内衬表面能被原油中的水浸润 ,并吸附大量的水分子形成水分子膜 ,石蜡对水是不浸润的 ,所以玻璃衬表面的水分子膜能阻止石蜡在玻璃表面附着 ,因此玻璃内衬具有较好的防蜡效果。显然 ,一个已经附着石蜡的表面 ,若此表面含有极性基团 ,存在较好的亲水性 ,且水分子…     

聚酯纤维的氧等离子体联合亲水剂处理

使用氧等离子体并结合亲水剂对聚酯纤维进行处理,探讨氧等离子体处理对聚酯纤维结构和性能的影响。结果表明:氧等离子体对纤维表面形成刻蚀,引入含氧极性基团,提高了纤维的吸湿性,但处理时间超过3 min,纤维表面的极性基团又被溅射掉,纤维的吸湿性下降;聚酯纤维经氧等离子体再施以亲水剂处理,可以显著提高其亲水性及亲水的耐久性;氧等离子体处理过程使聚酯纤维引入羰基含氧极性基团,且纤维的力学性能、热性能不受影响。