Windows 2000下 WDM驱动程序的研究与开发

分析研究了Windows 2000下WDM驱动程序的基本原理。以Microsoft的DDK为开发工具，开发了基于PCI总线的通信接口板的WDM驱动程序。证实了该驱动程序有很大的实用价值，且有助于对操作系统的理解。     

MP3系统中USB接口设计

简述了MP3数字音频播放机的特点 ,并提出了该系统中通用串行总线 (USB)的设计 ,较好地解决了USB驱动等问题     

PCI总线设备驱动程序的设计与应用

Windows操作系统不允许应用程序直接访问硬件设备，给基于外设部件互连(peripheral component interconnection，PCI)总线的数据采集、存储、显示等工作带来很大困难。介绍了Windows设备驱动程序的工作机制和开发工具；讨论了在内核态下PCI总线设备驱动程序的编程方法，并利用通用设备驱动程序Win—Driver实现了对PCI总线控制器PCI9052的访问和控制；给出了PCI设备安装程序的编程方法；提出了开发PCI总线驱动程序的三级编程结构。     

Linux下的设备驱动及其管理机制

文章分析了Linux系统下设备驱动程序的工作原理，介绍了驱动程序的实现方法，同时将Linux对字符设备、块设备和网络设备的管理机制做了详细的分析对比。     

Study of human–seat interface pressure distribution under vertical vibration

The influence of whole-body vertical vibration on the dynamic human–seat interface pressure is investigated using a flexible grid of pressure sensors. The ischium pressure and the overall pressure distribution at the human–seat interface are evaluated as functions of the magnitude and frequency of vibration excitation, and seated posture and height. The dynamic pressure at the seat surface is measured under sinusoidal vertical vibration of different magnitudes in the 1–10 Hz frequency range. Two methods based on ischium pressure and ischium force are proposed to study the influence of seat height, posture and characteristics of vibration. The results of the study reveal that the amplitude of dynamic pressure component increases with an increase in the excitation amplitude in almost entire frequency range considered in this study. The dynamic components of both the ischium pressure and the ischium force reveal peaks in the 4 to 5 Hz frequency band, the range of primary resonant frequency of the seated human body in the vertical mode. The mean values of the dynamic ischium pressure and the ischium force remain constant, irrespective of the excitation frequency and amplitude. The magnitudes of mean pressure and force at the human–seat interface, however, are dependent upon the seat height and the subject's posture. The inter-subject variability of the static ischium pressure and effective contact area are presented as functions of the subject weight and subject weight-to-height ratio. It was found that heavy subjects tend to induce low ischium pressure as a result of increased effective contact area.

Relevance to industry

Pressure distribution at the human–seat interface has been found to be an important factor affecting the seating comfort and work efficiency of various workers. The study of human–seat interface pressure distribution under vibration is specifically critical to the comfort, work efficiency and health of vehicle drivers, who are regularly exposed to vibration. The results reported in this paper will be useful to study dynamic response of the interface pressure and design vehicle seats.     

带传动弹性滑动效率分析

通过对带传动弹性滑动的研究,分别对主动轮和从动轮上的弹性滑动与功率损耗进行了分析研究,建立了弹性滑动与传动功率损耗的数学模型,得出了主、从动轮上囚弹性滑动引起的功率损失的大小以及相互关系,进而推导出了其效率计算公式,揭示了弹性滑动与效率之间的内在关系。     

Validation of the Driver Behaviour Questionnaire in a representative sample of drivers in Australia

The Driver Behaviour Questionnaire (DBQ) is a widely used measure of driving behaviours that may increase a driver's risk of crash involvement. However, there are several different versions of the DBQ varying in terms of number of items and factor structure. The aim of the current research was to assess the construct validity of the popular 28-item four-factor DBQ solution in a representative sample of drivers in Australia. A further aim was to test the factorial invariance of the measure across gender, age and also between fleet and non-fleet drivers using multigroup confirmatory factor analyses. Data on a range of attitudes towards road safety were collected using an online survey. A stratified sampling procedure was undertaken to ensure the age, gender and location distributions of participants were representative of the Australian population. A total of 2771 responses were obtained from fully licensed motor vehicle drivers (male: 46%). Confirmatory factor analysis supported the 28-item four-factor DBQ in the Australian sample. The DBQ was also found to be gender-invariant and strong partial measurement invariance was found for drivers aged from 26 to 64, but not for younger (17–25) or older (65–75) drivers. Modifications to the DBQ suggest how the DBQ can be improved for use in these two age groups.     

Background music as a risk factor for distraction among young-novice drivers

There are countless beliefs about the power of music during driving. The last thing one would think about is: how safe is it to listen or sing to music? Unfortunately, collisions linked to music devices have been known for some time; adjusting the radio controls, swapping tape-cassettes and compact-discs, or searching through MP3 files, are all forms of distraction that can result in a near-crash or crash. While the decrement of vehicular performance can also occur from capacity interference to central attention, whether or not music listening is a contributing factor to distraction is relatively unknown. The current study explored the effects of driver-preferred music on driver behavior. 85 young-novice drivers completed six trips in an instrumented Learners Vehicle. The study found that all participants committed at-least 3 driver deficiencies; 27 needed a verbal warning/command and 17 required a steering or braking intervention to prevent an accident. While there were elevated positive moods and enjoyment for trips with driver-preferred music, this background also produced the most frequent severe driver miscalculations and inaccuracies, violations, and aggressive driving. However, trips with music structurally designed to generate moderate levels of perceptual complexity, improved driver behavior and increased driver safety. The study is the first within-subjects on-road high-dose double-exposure clinical-trial investigation of musical stimuli on driver behavior.     

Wheels,skills and thrills: A social marketing trial to reduce aggressive driving from young men in deprived areas

Young men from poorer backgrounds are associated with high road traffic collision levels. However, solving this problem has proven very difficult. Hence this paper summarises the findings of a UK government funded two-year trial of a cross-discipline intervention to reduce aggressive driving amongst this group.     

Examination of naturalistic driving practices in drivers with Parkinson's disease compared to age and gender-matched controls

A few studies suggest that drivers with Parkinson's disease (PD) may self-regulate or modify their driving behavior more than drivers without neurological disorders; however findings are limited to self-report. The purpose of this study was to objectively examine whether drivers with PD show more restrictive driving practices (exposure and patterns). Electronic devices were installed in the vehicles of 27 drivers with PD (71.6 ± 6.6; 78% men) and 20 matched controls (70.6 ± 7.9; 80% men) for two weeks and driving data were matched with aerial maps, weather and daylight archives and trip logs to examine driving context. Compared to controls, the PD group drove significantly less overall (number of trips, kilometres, duration), and proportionately less at night and on days with bad weather suggesting more restricted driving practices, congruent with lower ratings of driving comfort and abilities. However, they may not necessarily drive more cautiously or safely as they drove significantly faster (and over the speed limit) on highways and freeways and 19% reported driving problems over the two weeks. These preliminary findings need to be replicated and longitudinal studies using objective indicators are needed to examine changes in driving practices, as well as crash outcomes, as disease severity progresses.