道路沥青及SBS改性沥青的紫外老化研究

采用紫外辐射试验对道路沥青和SBS改性沥青进行加速老化试验研究.利用老化前后的软化点、针八度、延度和四组分变化。分析了道路沥青的紫外线老化机理。结果表明:随紫外线老化时间的延长,道路沥青和SBS改性沥青软化点呈上升趋势、针入度和延度呈降低变化趋势,其中又以延度变化最为明显。经紫外线老化后道路沥青和SBS改性沥青的四组分也有变化,其中沥青质略微上升、芳香分略微降低,而饱和分和胶质变化不大。     

水果、蔬菜中甲基托布津的测定方法研究

着重对国家标准方法中测定蔬菜、水果中的甲基托布津的方法进行改进，利用高速离心机代替布氏漏斗抽虑和反复洗涤的过程，同时又利用水浴代替氮吹的方法挥干有机溶剂，这样不但节省了试验的步骤，同时减少了测定的时间。该方法测定草莓中甲基托布津回收率在97％～102％之间。结果满意。     

以草甘膦,马拉·毒死蜱为模型研究有机磷农药与牛血清白蛋白的相互作用

利用了荧光发射光谱,同步荧光光谱,紫外吸收光谱进行了检测,研究有机磷农药(草甘膦和马拉硫磷)与牛血清白蛋白的相互作用,实验结果表明了有机磷农药对牛血清白蛋白有着明显的荧光猝灭作用,且方式为静态猝灭(BSA荧光分子与猝灭剂有机磷农药之间通过弱的结合生成复合物,该复合物会使得荧光完全猝灭的现象)为主。通过实验得出有机磷与牛血清白蛋白的结合位点数(n),与结合常数(K0)。     

Seasonal changes of arsenic speciation in lake waters in relation to eutrophication

In this study, the influence of eutrophication on arsenic speciation in lake waters was investigated. Surface water samples (n = 1-10) were collected from 18 lakes in Japan during July 2007 and February 2008. The lakes were classified into mesotrophic (7 lakes) and eutrophic (11 lakes) based on the total phosphate (T-P) and chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentrations in water column. Inorganic, methylated and ultraviolet-labile fractions of arsenic species were determined by combining hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry with ultraviolet irradiation. Organoarsenicals (mainly methylated and ultraviolet-labile fractions) comprised 30-60% of the total arsenic in most lakes during summer. On the other hand, inorganic arsenic species (As(III + V)) dominates (about 60-85%) during winter. The occurrence of ultraviolet-labile fractions of arsenic was higher in eutrophic lakes than those in mesotrophic lakes in both seasons. The concentration of dimethyl arsenic (DMAA) was high in eutrophic lakes during winter; and in mesotrophic lakes during summer. The results suggest that the conversion of As(III + V) to more complicated organoarsenicals occurred frequently in eutrophic lakes compared to that in mesotrophic lakes, which is thought to be the influence of biological activity in the water column. The distribution of arsenic species were well correlated with phosphate concentrations than those of Chl-a. This might be due to the competitive uptake of As(V) and phosphate by phytoplankton. The organoarsenicals (OrgAs)/As(V) ratio was higher at low phosphate concentration indicating that conversion of As(V) to OrgAs species was more active in phosphate-exhausted lakes with high phytoplankton density.     

紫外激光脉冲的光纤传输特性研究

为了满足大型激光系统对紫外激光脉冲时间波形测量要求,采用紫外单模光纤进行传输取样的方法,理论分析了紫外脉冲在光纤中的线性传输特性,对影响脉冲波形测量的因素进行系统评价;并测试了紫外激光脉冲经过单模纯石英光纤传输后的脉冲波形。结果表明,对于纳秒、亚纳秒量级的紫外激光脉冲,单模紫外光纤是一种较好的传输介质;考虑到光纤损耗及探测器灵敏度限制,紫外光纤不宜作长距离传输。研究结果对高功率激光装置紫外光脉冲时间波形测量提供了理论和实验依据。     

Removal of particle-associated bacteriophages by dual-media filtration at different filter cycle stages and impacts on subsequent UV disinfection

This bench-scale study investigated the passage of particle-associated bacteriophage through a dual-media (anthracite-sand) filter over a complete filter cycle and the effect on subsequent ultraviolet (UV) disinfection. Two model viruses, bacteriophages MS2 and T4, were considered. The water matrix was de-chlorinated tap water with either kaolin or Aldrich humic acid (AHA) added and coagulated with alum to form floc before filtration. The turbidity of the influent flocculated water was 6.4+/-1.5 NTU. Influent and filter effluent turbidity and particle counts were measured as well as headloss across the filter media. Filter effluent samples were collected for phage enumeration during three filter cycle stages: (i) filter ripening; (ii) stable operation; and (iii) end of filter cycle. Stable filter operation was defined according to a filter effluent turbidity goal of <0.3 NTU. Influent and filter effluent samples were subsequently exposed to UV light (254 nm) at 40 mJ/cm(2) using a low pressure UV collimated beam. The study found statistically significant differences (alpha=0.05) in the quantity of particle-associated phage present in the filter effluent during the three stages of filtration. There was reduced UV disinfection efficiency due to the presence of particle-associated phage in the filter effluent in trials with bacteriophage MS2 and humic acid floc. Unfiltered influent water samples also resulted in reduced UV inactivation of phage relative to particle-free control conditions for both phages. Trends in filter effluent turbidity corresponded with breakthrough of particle-associated phage in the filter effluent. The results therefore suggest that maintenance of optimum filtration conditions upstream of UV disinfection is a critical barrier to particle-associated viruses.     

The influence of oxidation reduction potential and water treatment processes on quartz lamp sleeve fouling in ultraviolet disinfection reactors

Ultraviolet (UV) disinfection systems are incorporated into drinking water production facilities because of their broad-spectrum antimicrobial capabilities, and the minimal disinfection by-product formation that generally accompanies their use. Selection of an optimal location for a UV system within a drinking water treatment facility depends on many factors; a potentially important consideration is the effect of system location on operation and maintenance issues, including the potential for fouling of quartz surfaces. To examine the effect of system location on fouling, experiments were conducted at a groundwater treatment facility, wherein aeration, chlorination, and sand filtration were applied sequentially for treatment. In this facility, access to the water stream was available prior to and following each of the treatment steps. Therefore, it was possible to examine the effects of each of these unit operations on fouling dynamics within a UV system. Results indicated zero-order formation kinetics for the fouling reactions at all locations. Increases in oxidation reduction potential, caused by water treatment steps such as aeration and chlorination, increased the rate of sleeve fouling and the rate of irradiance loss within the reactor. Analysis of metals in the sleeve foulant showed that calcium and iron predominate, and relative comparisons of foulant composition to water chemistry highlighted a high affinity for incorporation into the foulant matrix for both iron and manganese, particularly after oxidizing treatment steps. Fouling behavior was observed to be in qualitative agreement with representations of the degree of saturation, relative to the metal:ligand combinations that are believed to comprise a large fraction of the foulants that accumulate on the surfaces of quartz jackets in UV systems used to treat water.     

瑞士科莱恩(原山德士)公司的功能性整理剂(一)

介绍了瑞士科莱恩(原山德士)公司的一些功能性整理剂如抗紫外线、卫生、拒油和防污等的近况及一些主要产品,并对其应用方法作了评述。     

Chemical compositional characterization of eight pear cultivars grown in China

The sugar, organic acid, amino acid and fatty acid compounds of eight commercial pear cultivars were identified and quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) equipped with RI and UV detectors and gas-chromatography (GC) equipped with FID detector. The mineral composition was determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The results showed great quantitative differences in the composition of the pear cultivars. Fructose was the dominant sugar in the eight pear varieties, followed by glucose and sucrose, while malic acid was the principal organic acid. The C16:0, C18:0, C18:1, C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids were clearly the most abundant fatty acids, and the C18 family comprised more than 70% of the total fatty acids content. Asparagine and serine were the principal amino acids. Potassium is the most abundant mineral, followed by magnesium and calcium. The results provide important information on how to make the best use of pear cultivars investigated for different uses, which is of significance for both technological research and processing practice.     

Ultraviolet processing of liquid food: A review: Part 2: Effects on microorganisms and on food components and properties

The effectiveness of ultraviolet irradiation in inactivating microorganisms has been known for decades. Nevertheless, in the processing of foodstuff other important issues must be considered, such as organoleptic or nutritional properties preservation. Ultraviolet irradiation constitutes an alternative to thermal treatment that is being studied and developed to obtain a better final product sensory quality, but without neglecting microbial safety. Moreover, it has been proved that this technology can be useful to decompose some toxins that are not affected by thermal processing. In this piece of work, the effect of UV irradiation on all of these contaminants and components of liquid food has been reviewed.