选择分块SVM电容层析成像改进方法

针对SVM在处理具有样本集规模大的ECT系统数据时,存在ECT图像重建的成像精度不高和速度慢的问题,采用了选择分块支持向量机CSSVM算法。将ECT系统样本数据构成列数固定的样本矩阵,每个样本作为样本矩阵的行,66个电容值和66个敏感度值作为矩阵的列。该算法将大样本矩阵按照某一成像单元进行选择性分块,并形成多个小样本矩阵,再分别采用SVM算法进行训练和预测,将各个成像单元组合成像。数值实验证明,使用CSSVM新算法比单独使用SVM算法重建图像具有更高的分类准确率和更短的成像时间。     

Chebyshev神经网络在ECT图像重建中的研究与应用

针对目前电容层析成像系统图像重建分辨率不高,精确度低的问题,提出了一种新的采用Chebyshev神经网络对电容层析成像系统进行图像重建的方法。该神经网络不仅扩大了网络辨识模型的能力与学习适应性,而且算法简单,学习收敛速度快,有线性、非线性逼近精度高等优异特性。通过对封闭管道的气固两相流进行数据检测,并采用改进后的神经网络算法进行图像重建,实验结果证明该方法能明显改善成像质量,进而证明了该方法的有效性。     

电容层析成像系统传感器仿真研究

ECT技术是多相流检测领域中的一项新技术,主要用于识别一个封闭管道内两相流/多相流系统中各个相成分分布问题。采用一种新的方法,通过电磁场有限元仿真软件COMSOL,对电容层析成像系统进行图像重建与仿真研究。构建了ECT的不同电极模型,分别对四种典型流型进行了图像重建;通过对离散介质场域的仿真研究,分析了电极数目、屏蔽罩、径向电极对重建图像质量的影响;对气液固三相流进行了图像重建,获得了满意的重建结果。     

(Ba0.5Sr0.5)TiO3 modification on etched aluminum foil for electrolytic capacitor

A new method was proposed to form (Ba_0.5Sr_0.5)TiO₃–Al₂O₃ composite oxide film on etched aluminum foils. The specimens were covered with (Ba_0.5Sr_0.5)TiO₃ (BST) layer by dip-coating in citrate solution and subsequent heat-treatment under 400–650 °C, finally by anodizing in a hot boracic acid and borate solution. The BST powders heated under different temperatures were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the specific capacitance of the coated specimens heat-treated under different temperatures and times was measured. It is found that the specific capacitance increases initially with enhancing the temperature and reaches to maximum at 550 °C, but slightly decreases with the heat-treatment time. The capacitance was increased by about 35% after BST coating.     

Similar admittance behavior of amorphous silicon carbide and nitride dielectrics within the MIS structure

PECVD grown a-SiNx:H and a-SiCx:H films were investigated as dielectric films in the form of metal/insulator/p-silicon (MIS) structures. AC admittance of MIS structures was measured as a function of dc gate bias voltages and frequencies (1-1000 kHz) of the superimposed ac bias voltage (10 mV). For each applied bias voltage (from accumulating to inverting bias regimes), temperature (T) dependence of both capacitance (C) and conductance (G/ω) were measured to investigate majority/minority carrier behavior under various frequencies ω (kHz-MHz) as parameters. C and G/ω-T-ω measurements reveal that observed pairs of capacitance steps and conductance peaks are related to traps lying on the same energy value, residing in the insulator and at the interface of insulator/semiconductor structure and differing only through capture cross-sections. On the other hand, surface band bending (ψ_s) of silicon and activation energy (E_A) deduced from the Arrhenius plot of the frequency vs. reciprocal temperature as a function of gate bias (V_G) seem linearly dependent, implying that E_A reflects the ψ_s variation.     

基于容抗法的瞬时液膜厚度测量系统设计

设计了一种采用容抗法测量气液两相流瞬时液膜厚度的测量系统,通过测量气液两相流瞬时液膜厚度,来反映气液两相流截面持液率大小。对容抗法测量瞬时液膜厚度的原理进行了详细分析,建立了探针电容传感器的数学模型,完成了检测电路设计。根据此数学模型,确立了瞬时液膜厚度与输出电压的线性关系。在虚拟电子工作平台上,对该测量系统做了仿真实验分析,仿真数据表明该测量系统是切实可行的。     

Facile synthesis of Co3O4 nanoflowers grown on Ni foam with superior electrochemical performance

Novel large-scale Co₃O₄ nanoflower (NF) structures on Ni foam are prepared for the first time via a general two-step synthesis. Through a controllable solvothermal process and hereafter with a post-calcination process in air, the NFs have been grown firmly on Ni foam, which is convenient for the construction of supercapacitors without any extra electrode preparation process. The pore sizes and the amount of Co₃O₄ NFs can be tuned through different post-calcination and solvothermal conditions, respectively. The electrochemical properties of the NFs are tested by cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge–discharge in 6.0 M KOH solution. The results show that the NFs can have a specific capacitance of 1936.7 F g⁻¹ at a current density of 0.2 A g⁻¹ and a capacity retention of 78.2% after 1000 cycles at a current density of 3 A g⁻¹ (1309.4 F g⁻¹). The Co₃O₄ NFs grown on Ni foam with large area and superior electrochemical performance have great potential application in supercapacitors.     

On the validity of unintentional doping densities extracted using Mott–Schottky analysis for thin film organic devices

The organic electronic devices are often understood invoking the concept of ‘unintentional doping’. However, the applicability and usefulness of this controversial concept is not very clear and is under much recent debate. In this work, we revaluate the validity of this concept through careful experiments and detailed numerical simulations. Specifically, we use the Capacitance Voltage (CV) measurement of pentacene devices as a testbed to unravel the role of injecting electrodes and unintentional doping (if any). Indeed, our results indicate that the CV of pentacene capacitors can be solely understood in terms of properties of the contact electrodes. The unintentional doping, if present, has an inconsequential role in device performance. Our conclusions indicate that, often, an incorrect interpretation of CV results would lead to unphysical values of unintentional doping and have obvious implications towards the fundamental understanding of organic semiconductor device physics, modeling, and characterization; thus resolving many ambiguities in literature by providing a consistent interpretation through a coherent conceptual framework.     

Electrical Properties of Garut Citrus Fruits at Low Alternating Current Signal and its Correlation with Physicochemical Properties During Maturation

In this research, local citrus fruits, namely Garut citrus, were analyzed for electrical properties related to physicochemical properties. Electrical measurement on fruit was done by using low alternating current with a frequency varying from 50 Hz to 1 MHz. The fruits are placed between two plate electrodes and treated as dielectric material. Electrical parameters per unit of weight were used in this study to compensate variations in weight. Electrical impedance, resistance, and reactance per weight of citrus fruits will decrease if the frequency is increased. Electrical circuit models have been constructed to describe the internal conditions of citrus fruits. To indicate the fruit maturity, the physicochemical properties were used, i.e., firmness, total soluble solids, pH, and hydrogen ion concentration. The value of resistance, impedance, and reactance per weight declined during citrus fruits maturation. The correlations between electrical and physicochemical properties are investigated too. The highest consistency of correlations happens at a frequency of 1 MHz. Based on the model of an electrical circuit, the highest value of electrical resistance is outer shell and the lowest is seed. And then, the highest value of electrical capacitance is albedo and the lowest is segment. Resistance values of the parts of citrus fruits, i.e., seed, segment, segment wall, and outer shell, were decreased during maturation. While capacitance value of segment, albedo, and flavedo were increased.     

非分离式计量技术在页岩气地面测试中的应用研究

传统的气液计量方法是采用分离器,利用多相流体中各相的密度差异,通过物理方法将气液进行分离,之后通过单相仪器仪表和计量罐进行计量,设备质量和体积较大,综合成本高,安装周期长。为解决页岩气排采中的两相流计量难题,文章提出一种非分离式的计量技术,核心特征是将文丘里与电容层析成像技术相结合,配合深度学习算法,对两相流量进行精确计量并实时显示管道内流体流动状态,应用此技术开发的两相流量计在页岩气测试现场进行了现场试验,结果表明,文章所采用的非分离式计量技术,针对不同试验井况,测试结果稳定,计量精度较高,适用于页岩气排采的整个周期,基于电容层析成像技术的井口流动状态可视化能准确反映管道内流态,为气田科学生产提供实时单井数据支持。同时,气液两相流量计具有操作简单、维护方便、成本低廉、无人值守的特点,能够简化设备和工艺管线,符合页岩气低成本高效开发的初衷。