盐酸小檗碱对菌丝相白念珠菌细胞壁完整性的影响

探讨盐酸小檗碱对菌丝相白念珠菌细胞壁完整性的影响。以微量液基稀释法检测盐酸小檗碱对白念珠菌标准株与临床株的最低抑菌浓度(MIC);spot assay检测白念珠菌落形成;XTT法检测白念珠菌丝代谢;荧光显微镜观察白念珠菌丝活力;扫描电镜观察白念珠菌丝形态;透射电镜观察白念珠菌丝细胞壁结构;流式细胞术检测白念珠菌细胞壁β-葡聚糖暴露程度;qRT-PCR法检测白念珠菌丝特异性基因ECE1及β-葡聚糖合酶调控基因FKS1和FKS2的表达。结果显示,盐酸小檗碱对白念珠菌临床株及标准株的MIC为64~128μg·mL^-1;512μg·mL^-1盐酸小檗碱干预下能抑制白念珠菌落生长,64~512μg·mL^-1盐酸小檗碱能抑制菌丝代谢,512μg·mL^-1盐酸小檗碱能抑制白念珠菌丝活力,256~512μg·mL^-1盐酸小檗碱能抑制形态转化,512μg·mL^-1盐酸小檗碱能明显损伤细胞壁结构,128~512μg·mL^-1盐酸小檗能促进细胞壁β-葡聚糖暴露,512μg·mL^-1盐酸小檗碱能下调白念珠菌丝特异性基因ECE12.72倍及β-葡聚糖合成酶调控基因FKS1与FKS2分别3.49,3.26倍。研究表明,一定浓度的盐酸小檗碱可能通过下调白念珠菌丝特异性基因及β-葡聚糖合成酶相关基因的表达,从而破坏白念珠菌细胞壁的结构并促使β-葡聚糖暴露,进而影响整个细胞壁的完整性。     

小檗碱调节翼状胬肉成纤维细胞增殖能力的机制研究

目的:探讨小檗碱对体外培养翼状胬肉成纤维细胞增殖能力的影响及可能的作用机制。方法:通过对手术获取的翼状胬肉组织进行培养,获取翼状胬肉成纤维细胞。采用不同终浓度(0、20、40、80μmol/L)小檗碱对细胞进行诱导,检测小檗碱诱导后翼状胬肉成纤维细胞凋亡水平、线粒体膜电位和凋亡相关因子mRNA与蛋白表达水平变化。结果:小檗碱能够以剂量依赖的方式提高体外培养翼状胬肉成纤维细胞线粒体去极化水平、细胞凋亡比率、促凋亡基因Bax和Bad mRNA与蛋白的表达水平,降低Bcl-2 mRNA和蛋白的表达水平。结论:小檗碱可能通过提高体外培养翼状胬肉细胞线粒体去极化水平诱导胬肉细胞发生凋亡。     

HPLC法同时测定七味胃炎片中野黄芩苷、盐酸小檗碱的含量

目的采用HPLC法同时测定七味胃炎片中野黄芩苷、盐酸小檗碱含量。方法色谱柱为Alltima C18（250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm）。采用乙腈-20 mmol/L乙酸铵（pH=4.0）作流动相进行梯度洗脱。流速为1.0 mL/min,在335 nm下检测。结果野黄芩苷在0.13-2.56μg范围内,r=0.999 6,平均回收率为99.2%,RSD平均值为1.14;盐酸小檗碱在0.26-5.162μg范围内,r=0.999 4,平均回收率为99.6%,RSD平均值为1.12。结论本文所建立的HPLC测定方法分析操作易行、结果可靠、重复性好,可应用于七味胃炎片中野黄芩苷和盐酸小檗碱含量的测定。     

Berberine attenuates adverse left ventricular remodeling and cardiac dysfunction after acute myocardial infarction in rats: Role of autophagy

The present study aimed to test the hypothesis that berberine, a plant‐derived anti‐oxidant, attenuates adverse left ventricular remodelling and improves cardiac function in a rat model of myocardial infarction (MI). Furthermore, the potential mechanisms that mediated the cardioprotective actions of berberine, in particular the effect on autophagy, were also investigated. Acute MI was induced by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery of Sprague‐Dawley rats. Cardiac function was assessed by transthoracic echocardiography. The protein activity/levels of autophagy related to signalling pathways (e.g. LC‐3B, Beclin‐1) were measured in myocardial tissue by immunohistochemical staining and western blot. Four weeks after MI, berberine significantly prevented cardiac dysfunction and adverse cardiac remodelling. MI rats treated with low dose berberine (10 mg/kg per day) showed higher left ventricular ejection fraction and fractional shortening than those treated with high‐dose berberine (50 mg/kg per day). Both doses reduced interstitial fibrosis and post‐MI adverse cardiac remodelling. The cardioprotective action of berberine was associated with increased LC‐3B II and Beclin‐1 expressions. Furthermore, cardioprotection with berberine was potentially related to p38 MAPK inhibition and phospho‐Akt activation. The present in vivo study showed that berberine is effective in promoting autophagy, and subsequently attenuating left ventricular remodelling and cardiac dysfunction after MI. The potential underlying mechanism is augmentation of autophagy through inhibition of p38 MAPK and activation of phospho‐Akt signalling pathways.     

半仿生-酶法提取中药不同成分的比较研究

目的探讨半仿生-酶法在提取不同中药及成分类别中的应用。方法以甘草、槐米和黄连3种中药为研究对象,分别以甘草酸、芦丁和小檗碱含量及干浸膏得率为指标,通过与其他方法比较,研究半仿生-酶法对上述不同有效成分的提取效果,探讨该提取方法的适用范围。结果半仿生-酶法与水提法、酶法、半仿生提取法比较,半仿生-酶法提取不同类别有效成分都具有一定优势;相对于其他药材,半仿生-酶法对甘草中主要成分的提取效率更高。结论半仿生-酶法更加适用于水溶性成分的提取。     

小檗碱对多柔比星的增效减毒作用及其机制研究进展

多柔比星是临床治疗中有效的抗肿瘤药,但其严重的心脏、肝脏毒性使其临床应用受到了极大限制。小檗碱是从黄连属植物分得的生物碱,具有多种生物活性和药理作用,对痢疾、真菌感染、糖尿病、肿瘤等都有治疗作用。研究发现小檗碱不仅可以通过诱导肿瘤细胞的凋亡来增强多柔比星的抗肿瘤活性;还可以通过改变多柔比星引起心肌病的相关指标来降低多柔比星引起的心肌细胞的损伤;另外,小檗碱对多柔比星引起的肝脏损伤也有一定的保护作用。综述了小檗碱对多柔比星的增效减毒作用及其机制的研究进展,这种发现提供了一种新颖的治疗方法,对多柔比星临床治疗的发展具有重要的意义。     

Berberine in Human Oncogenic Herpesvirus Infections and Their Linked Cancers

Human herpesviruses are known to induce a broad spectrum of diseases, ranging from common cold sores to cancer, and infections with some types of these viruses, known as human oncogenic herpesviruses (HOHVs), can cause cancer. Challenges with viral latency, recurrent infections, and drug resistance have generated the need for finding new drugs with the ability to overcome these barriers. Berberine (BBR), a naturally occurring alkaloid, is known for its multiple biological activities, including antiviral and anticancer effects. This paper comprehensively compiles all studies that have featured anti-HOHV properties of BBR along with promising preventive effects against the associated cancers. The mechanisms and pathways induced by BBR via targeting the herpesvirus life cycle and the pathogenesis of the linked malignancies are reviewed. Approaches to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of BBR and its use in clinical practice as an anti-herpesvirus drug are also discussed.     

黄柏炮制前后生物碱和柠檬苦素类成分的变化研究

目的分析黄柏在不同温度下进行模拟炮制后,不同炮制品中主要化学成分的变化情况,为解析黄柏不同炮制品的科学内涵提供参考依据。方法采用高效液相色谱法检测黄柏不同炮制品中生物碱类成分小檗碱、小檗红碱、黄柏碱、药根碱、巴马汀和柠檬苦素类成分黄柏内酯、黄柏酮。生物碱类成分检测的色谱条件为Ecosil C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm);流动相:乙腈–0.1%磷酸水(50∶50)(每100 m L 0.1%磷酸水加十二烷基硫酸钠0.4 g);检测波长:284 nm;体积流量:1m L/min;柱温:35℃;进样量:3μL。柠檬苦素类成分检测的色谱条件为Ecosil C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm);流动相:乙腈–水–磷酸(45∶55∶0.2);检测波长:210 nm;体积流量:1 m L/min;柱温:35℃;进样量:10μL。结果直接烘制品、水润烘制品、酒润烘制品、盐水润烘制品在最佳炮制温度160℃下,总生物碱的质量分数分别为3.009 6%、2.993 1%、3.989 6%、4.537 9%,其中酒润烘制品和盐水润烘制品均较生品3.528 2%高,提示黄柏经辅料炮制后有利于生物碱类成分的溶出,且增加溶出率的是辅料盐和酒,而非水。当炮制温度达到160℃以上时,在相应炮制温度下的直接烘制品和水润烘制品中柠檬苦素类成分质量分数未见明显差异,酒润烘制品和盐水润烘制品随着温度的升高其质量分数相差较大,提示水对黄柏炮制过程中的柠檬苦素类成分基本没有影响,酒、盐炮制具有影响。结论黄柏经炮制后生物碱类和柠檬苦素类成分会发生量变和质变,辅料和温度对其成分的变化有直接的影响,本研究可为黄柏炮制后药性发生改变与其化学成分的变化具有相关性提供参考和依据。     

吡美莫司乳膏联合盐酸小檗碱溶液湿敷治疗酒渣鼻疗效观察

目的:评价吡美莫司乳膏联合盐酸小檗碱溶液湿敷治疗酒渣鼻的临床疗效。方法:入选的42例酒渣鼻患者均外用1%吡美莫司软膏联合3%盐酸小檗碱溶液湿敷,2次/天,共4周。于治疗前及治疗后第1、2、3和4周时各随访1次。结果:42例患者中33例完成临床实验,治疗后第1、2、3和4周时,丘疹脓疱型酒渣鼻有效率分别为12.12%、18.18%、27.27%和36.36%,红斑型有效率分别为42.42%、57.56%、69.70%和78.79%。吡美莫司软膏联合盐酸小檗碱溶液湿敷对表现为红斑型酒渣鼻患者的疗效优于丘疹、脓疱型。在治疗3~5天时,21.43%的患者出现局部刺激反应。结论:吡美莫司乳膏联合盐酸小檗碱溶液湿敷治疗酒渣鼻安全、有效,对以红斑为主要临床表现的酒渣鼻患者疗效较好。