小檗碱对压力负荷所致心肌肥厚大鼠的保护作用

目的:通过动物实验探讨小檗碱(Berberine)对压力负荷所致大鼠心肌肥厚模型的保护作用,并探讨其作用机制。方法:通过主动脉缩窄术构建大鼠心肌肥厚模型,将造模成功的16只SD大鼠随机分为模型组及模型+小檗碱组,另外将假结扎主动脉的8只大鼠入组假手术组。术后4周,利用心脏超声测定大鼠的心功能指标;HE、Masson及TUNEL染色等分子生物学方法测定心肌细胞大小、心脏纤维化、心肌细胞凋亡等指标;同时使用RT-q PCR法检测左室心肌组织心房利钠因子(ANP)m RNA的表达;采用Western blot的方法检测内质网应激相关指标Bip/GRP78和CHOP的蛋白表达情况。结果 :与模型组相比,小檗碱可明显改善主动脉缩窄所致的心功能紊乱,显著降低心肌细胞大小(P<0.05)、心脏组织的纤维化程度以及心肌细胞凋亡比率(P<0.05);Western blot结果表明,小檗碱治疗可明显降低长期压力超负荷所致的内质网应激相关指标Bip/GRP78和CHOP的表达的增加(P<0.05)。结论 :小檗碱可显著改善压力超负荷所致的心肌肥厚及心功能紊乱,抑制心肌细胞凋亡,对肥厚型心肌起保护作用,且此种心脏保护性作用可能与其抑制压力负荷所致的内质网应激相关。     

复方枣仁安神胶囊中黄连的定性鉴别和定量分析

目的:建立复方枣仁安神胶囊中黄连质量标准。方法:采用薄层色谱鉴别法对黄连进行定性鉴别,采用UPLC法测定黄连中盐酸小檗碱的含量。色谱条件:色谱柱:Waters Acquity UPLC BEH C18(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.7m);流动相:乙腈-0.05 mo L·L-1磷酸二氢钾溶液(30∶70)(0.5%三乙胺,磷酸调p H值至3.0~4.0);检测波长为345 nm;流速:0.25 m L·min-1;柱温:25℃。结果:在试验条件下,薄层斑点清楚,阴性无干扰,分离效果较好,重复性良好。UPLC方法学考察表明,制剂中盐酸小檗碱在0.25~1.50g范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系(r=0.9999),平均回收率为97.56%,RSD=1.54%(n=6)。结论:该方法准确、快速,重复性好,可用于复方枣仁安神胶囊中黄连的质量控制。     

黄连素抑制慢性心衰大鼠心肌炎性反应

 目的 在慢性心衰(CHF)大鼠模型检测Toll样受体4(TLR4)的表达,探讨黄连素在慢性心衰炎性反应干预中可能的作用机制。方法 大鼠每周腹腔注射阿霉素2.8mg/kg共10周建立慢性心衰模型,将其随机分为黄连素组、安慰剂组及对照组,每组10只。黄连素组给予黄连素每天21mg/kg灌胃4周,另两组给予等量生理盐水。用酶联吸附免疫反应法(ELISA)检测大鼠血清中BNP、TNFα、IL-1及IL-6的含量;qRT-PCR法检测大鼠血清诱生型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)表达;HE染色观察大鼠心肌细胞形态学改变;免疫组织化学观察大鼠心肌TLR4蛋白表达和分布。结果 黄连素组大鼠血清TNFα、IL-1、IL-6及iNOS mRNA水平显著低于安慰剂组(P<0.05);黄连素组及安慰剂组TLR4吸光度值均高于对照组,而黄连素组显著低于安慰剂组(P<0.05)。结论 黄连素可能通过抑制TLR4 信号传导抑制慢性心衰炎性反应。     

黄连素的生物学功能及治疗口腔疾病研究的进展

黄连素(小檗碱)是从黄连、三颗针、黄柏等天然药物中提取的异喹啉类生物碱,具有广泛的药理作用,能够有效地抗惊厥、抗高血压、抗肿瘤、抗抑郁、抗炎、降血脂、降血糖等。近年来,由于其丰富的生物学功能,人们逐渐发掘出黄连素用于治疗口腔疾病的潜力,研究其与龋病、根尖周炎、牙周病、口腔黏膜病、颌面部肿瘤的关系。本文就黄连素的生物学功能和其在口腔领域中的研究进展作一综述,为进一步研究黄连素在治疗口腔疾病的应用提供参考。     

小檗碱通过破坏线粒体功能选择性诱导淋巴瘤细胞的凋亡

目的研究小檗碱(BBR)对T淋巴瘤细胞凋亡的影响及机制。方法正常T淋巴细胞、T淋巴瘤细胞、Jurkat细胞用BBR 0,10,20和40μmol·L^-1处理24 h,多柔比星(Dox)40μmol·L^-1为阳性对照;Jurkat p0细胞用BBR 0和40μmol·L^-1处理24 h。流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率,Seahorse XF24细胞代谢分析仪和H2DCFDA活性氧探针检测细胞氧消耗率(OCR)和活性氧(ROS)水平。CellTiter-Glo发光法细胞活力检测试剂盒检测细胞ATP水平,试剂盒测线粒体呼吸链复合物Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅳ和Ⅴ的活性。Western印迹法检测细胞内胱天蛋白酶3、Bcl-2、Bax、NF-κB抑制蛋白激酶α/β(IKKα/β)、磷酸化IKKα/β(p-IKKα/β)、NF-κB抑制因子α(IκBα)、p-IκBα和P65蛋白表达水平。结果BBR 40 mmol·L^-1明显增加T淋巴瘤细胞和Jurkat细胞凋亡率(P<0.01),胱天蛋白酶3和Bax蛋白表达水平显著上调(P<0.01),Bcl-2表达显著下调(P<0.01),但对正常T淋巴细胞的凋亡并无影响;BBR 40 mmol·L^-1明显降低Jurkat细胞的OCR及线粒体呼吸链复合物Ⅰ活性(P<0.01),增加ROS水平(P<0.01),降低ATP水平(P<0.01),但不影响线粒体缺陷型淋巴瘤Jurkat p0细胞呼吸链和凋亡;BBR 40μmol·L-1明显下调Jurkat细胞中NF-κB通路相关蛋白p-IKKα/β/IKKα/β、p-IκBα/IκBβ和核内P65表达(P<0.01)。结论BBR通过破坏线粒体功能选择性诱导淋巴瘤T细胞的凋亡,可能与抑制NF-κB通路有关。     

盐酸小檗碱对初发2型糖尿病患者降糖疗效及肠道菌群的影响

目的 观察盐酸小檗碱对初发2型糖尿病患者血糖、胰岛素抵抗、胰高血糖素样肽-1（glucagon-like peptide-1, GLP-1）以及肠道菌群影响。方法 选取50例初发2型糖尿病患者,随机、双盲分为小檗碱组25例和对照组25例,于0、12周检测空腹血糖（fasting blood glucose, FBG）、糖化血红蛋白（glycated hemoglobin A1c, HbA1c）、空腹胰岛素（fasting insulin, FINS）、胰岛素抵抗指数（homeostasis model assessment-Insulin resistance, HOMA-IR）、GLP-1以及肠道菌群变化。结果 两组干预前后对比,FBG、HbA1c、FINS、HOMA-IR下降,GLP-1升高,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;干预后小檗碱组与对照组相比,FBG、HbA1c、HOMA-IR下降、GLP-1升高（P＜0.05）;肠道双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌升高,肠球菌下降（P＜0.05）;拟杆菌、肠杆菌下降,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）;双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌与FBG水平呈负相关,肠杆菌与FBG水平呈正相关,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 盐酸小檗碱对初发2型糖尿病患者降糖疗效较好并能够有效改善肠道菌群紊乱     

Antithrombotic effects of Huanglian Jiedu decoction in a rat model of ischaemia-reperfusion-induced cerebral stroke

ContextHuanglian Jiedu Decoction (HLJJD) has a variety of pharmacological activities, such as anti-inflammatory and neuroprotection against ischaemic brain injury.ObjectivesThis ex vivo study explores its antithrombosis activity and inhibition of platelet aggregation.Material and methodsTo study the antithrombosis activity of HLJJD ex vivo, saline, or HLJDD (100, 200, and 500 mg/kg) was treated prophylactically by gavage for 3 days in Wistar rats (n = 4). Based on the rat model of transient middle cerebral artery infarction (MCAO) or normal rats (n = 4), the antithrombotic activity in the normal group and HLJDD subgroups on prothrombin time, thrombus weight, platelet aggregation, and others was evaluated, followed by the antiplatelet aggregation of its main components (n = 4).ResultsThe weight of the thrombus increased significantly at 24 h after MCAO onset. HLJJD did not influence the change of PT, but significantly inhibited thrombosis by 12.5, 20.0, and 20.5% in reducing the dry weight of thrombus, and blocked collagen-induced platelet aggregation by 25.5, 39.0, and 42.7% and adhesion of blood platelet by 17.3, 26.2, and 27.3%. The IC₅₀ value of HLJJD on collagen-induced platelet aggregation was 670 mg/kg. Geniposide only facilitated antiplatelet aggregation induced by collagen, but not AA or ADP. Both baicalin and berberine showed markedly antiplatelet aggregation induced by all activators. The antithrombotic activity of baicalin was relatively higher than that of berberine (35.0–47.8% vs. 20.6–33.5%).ConclusionOur results indicated that HLJDD regulated blood circulation by inhibiting platelet aggregation and thrombosis, which might also extensively contribute to the clinical prevention and treatment of cerebrovascular diseases.     

基于Hermia模型的中药鞣质模拟体系的膜过程污染机制研究

目的分析中药鞣质模拟体系的膜过程污染机制。方法以中药水提液中的鞣质和小分子药效物质(小檗碱、栀子苷)组成的模拟溶液为研究对象,考察不同模拟溶液的膜过程通量、共性高分子物质去除率、小分子药效物质透过率等指标,借助Hermia数学模型进行分析。结果对于鞣质模拟溶液、鞣质+小檗碱+栀子苷模拟溶液,其膜通量变化和滤饼过滤模型拟合程度较高。滤饼层的形成是其通量降低和膜污染的主要原因。滤饼层的存在使得小檗碱和栀子苷透过率(分别为67.63%和87.55%)并不理想。结论 Hermia数学模型可以作为研究中药提取液膜污染机制的重要手段,滤饼层的形成和存在可能是中药提取液膜污染严重的原因之一。     

HPLC法同时测定乙肝益气解郁颗粒中的11种成分

目的建立HPLC法同时测定乙肝益气解郁颗粒中柴胡皂苷a、柚皮苷、芍药苷、毛蕊异黄酮苷、丹参酮IIA、桂皮醛、五味子醇甲、紫丁香苷、盐酸小檗碱、大黄酚和橙皮苷的含量,并采用主成分分析(PCA)法对其质量进行综合评价。方法采用HPLC法,色谱柱为Caprisil C18-AQ(250 mm×4.6 mm,5.0μm);流动相为0.1%磷酸水溶液-乙腈,梯度洗脱,体积流量0.8mL/min;柱温45℃。最后将定量结果与PCA法相结合对不同批次药物进行科学的质量评价分析。结果乙肝益气解郁颗粒中柴胡皂苷a、柚皮苷、芍药苷、毛蕊异黄酮苷、丹参酮IIA、桂皮醛、五味子醇甲、紫丁香苷、盐酸小檗碱、大黄酚和橙皮苷11种成分分别在1.6～80.0、14～700、10～500、1.6～80.0、1.6～80.0、2.4～120.0、1.2～60.0、1.2～60.0、8.0～400.0、2.0～100.0、2.0～100.0μg/m L线性关系良好;平均加样回收率分别为98.3%、99.2%、98.8%、99.3%、101.9%、97.5%、99.8%、101.7%、101.1%、102.5%、100.9%,RSD均2.0%;16批样品中11种有效成分的质量分数分别为0.233～0.322、3.007～3.142、2.201～2.273、0.320～0.355、0.317～0.399、0.451～0.523、0.265～0.297、0.209～0.226、1.848～1.873、0.380～0.425、0.615～0.647mg/g。结论实验建立的方法简便准确、重复性好,可用于乙肝益气解郁颗粒的质量控制,为乙肝益气解郁颗粒后续质量提高提供参考。     

Renal vectorial transport of berberine mediated by organic cation transporter 2 (OCT2) and multidrug and toxin extrusion proteins 1 (MATE1) in rats

Berberine, a well‐known plant alkaloid derived from Rhizoma coptidis, has potential applications as a therapeutic drug for diabetic nephropathy. However, the transporter‐mediated renal transport of berberine remains largely unclear. This study aimed to investigate the renal transport mechanism of berberine using transfected cells, kidney slices and animal experiments. In Madin‐Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells stably expressing rat OCT2 (MDCK‐rOCT2) and kidney slices, saturable and non‐saturable uptake of berberine was observed, and corticosterone could inhibit the uptake of berberine, with IC₅₀ values of 0.1 μm and 147.9 μm , respectively. In double‐transfected cells, the cellular accumulation of berberine into MDCK‐rOCT2 and MDCK‐rOCT2‐rMATE1 (MDCK cells stably expressing rOCT2 and rMATE1) cells was significantly higher than the uptake into MDCK cells. Meanwhile, berberine transcellular transport was considerably higher in double‐transfected MDCK‐rOCT2‐rMATE1 cells than in MDCK and MDCK‐rOCT2 cells. Corticosterone for MDCK‐rMATE1 and MDCK‐MDR1 and pyrimethamine for MDCK‐rMATE1 at high concentrations could inhibit the efflux of berberine. In animal experiments, compared with the berberine alone group, the cumulative urinary excretion of berberine significantly decreased in the corticosterone or pyrimethamine pretreatment groups. In the rat kidney, pyrimethamine increased, and a low dose of corticosterone (5 mg/kg) decreased, the berberine concentration. However, there was no apparent change in the renal concentration of berberine in rats pretreated with corticosterone (10 or 20 mg/kg). Thus, berberine is not only a substrate of OCT2 and P‐glycoprotein, but is also a substrate of MATE1. Both OCT2 and MATE1 mediate the renal vectorial transport of berberine.