Pomegranate protective effect on experimental ischemia/reperfusion retinal injury in rats (histological and biochemical study)

Oxidative stress is one mechanism involved in the pathogenesis of ischemia/reperfusion (/R) retinal injury. The histological, biochemical, and functional changes associated with pomegranate (PMG) treatment prior to retinal I/R were analyzed using 40 adult male albino rats. Rats were divided into four groups: Groups I and II (sham operated and received saline or PMG, respectively); Groups III and IV (I/R rat models with prior administration of saline or 250 mg/kg/day PMG, respectively). Electroretinogram (ERG) results were recorded and eye specimens were taken and processed for light and electron microscopic examinations and for assessment of oxidative status in retinal homogenate. I/R lead to degenerative changes in retinal layers with a significant reduction in nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) immunoreactivity in concomitant with significant oxidant–antioxidant disturbance and decreased a- and b-wave amplitude in the ERG. These alterations were ameliorated with prior PMG treatment. In conclusion, PMG treatment, as an antioxidant, attenuated retinal structural and functional I/R injury through activation of Nrf2 which could be a base for future therapy designs.     

山刺玫根的生药学研究

目的为山刺玫根的鉴别,开发利用提供依据。方法根据山刺玫根来源、性状、显微、理化对其鉴别。结果首次系统阐明了山刺玫根的生药学理论。结论为制定山刺玫根的质量标准提供依据。     

药物性卵巢早衰动物模型的制备

目的 通过测定大鼠的卵泡刺激素(follicle stimulating hormone,FSH)、黄体生成素(luteinizing hormone,LH)、雌二醇(estradiol,E2)水平,以及透射电镜下观察卵巢超微结构的改变,探索经济、简便易行的药物性卵巢早衰动物模型的制备方法,进而为寻找药物性卵巢早衰的治疗方法提供可靠的实验依据.方法 采用分别胃饲生理盐水和雷公藤多甙片悬浮液的方法,通过比较两组大鼠的FSH,LH,E2水平、透射电镜下观察卵巢皮质超微结构的变化等,确定药物性卵巢早衰动物模型的简便易行的制备方法.结果 ①性激素结果:模型组的FSH升高至(4.27±0.89)IU/L,LH升高至(5.18±1.08)IU/L,E2降至(5.12±3.33)pg/L,分别较正常对照组的FSH(1.43±0.81)IU/L,LH(2.44±0.82)IU/L明显升高(P＜0.05),较E2(9.13±3.84)pg/L明显降低(P＜0.05).②电镜结果:模型组较正常对照组卵巢皮质颗粒细胞中约有10%的细胞超微结构发生变化,细胞内空泡变显著,粗面内质网出现明显的扩张及脱颗粒现象.结论 ①胃饲雷公藤多甙片建立药物性卵巢早衰动物模型的方法周期短、成功率高、简便易行,且实验对象痛苦小、易配合、不易死亡;②模型组与正常对照组相关性激素数值有明显差异,同时透射电镜下观察到细胞内部明显的衰退征象,故视为结果可靠.     

显微镜下放液、定位、冷凝治疗视网膜脱离

目的总结显微镜直视下治疗非复杂性裂孔性视网膜脱离手术的临床经验。方法对27例非复杂性裂孔性视网膜脱离27只患眼，先预置硅胶块和（或）环扎带，然后在显微镜直视下完成排视网膜下液、视网膜裂孔定位、视网膜冷凝、检查裂孔位置，术后观察视力、视网膜复位情况及并发症。结果一次手术后视网膜视网膜复位率92％（25只眼），仅有两只眼由于视网膜脱离需再次手术。末次随诊最佳矫正视力和术前相比有明显的提高：〈0．1者5只眼，占（18．5％），0．3-0．5者15只眼，占（55．5％），〉0．5者7只眼，占（25．9％）。未见到严重的并发症发生。结论显微镜下放液、定位、冷凝治疗非复杂性裂孔性视网膜脱离手术具有操作简单、方便、直视、效果良好等优点，尤适于初学者应用。     

贯叶连翘提取物中金丝桃苷的分析鉴别与稳定性研究

目的探讨贯叶连翘提取物中金丝桃苷鉴别方法和稳定性。方法对贯叶连翘提取物进行化学、薄层、紫外鉴别。通过加速实验从不同影响因素分析贯叶连翘提取物中金丝桃苷的稳定性。结果贯叶连翘提取物的盐酸-镁粉反应显阳性,薄层色谱斑点清晰,紫外光谱在363 nm处有最大吸收峰。贯叶连翘提取物在酸、碱、热、湿、光、氧化、加速实验等条件下金丝桃苷的含量均有不同程度的损失。结论3种鉴别方法能很好地鉴别出黄酮苷类(金丝桃苷)的存在,定性方法简便、准确、专属性强。鉴于金丝桃苷的稳定性,在对贯叶连翘进行贮存时,应密闭、闭光、置阴凉干燥处保存。     

Draf额窦炎性疾病鼻内引流术(附132例报告)

目的:介绍额窦炎性疾病鼻内引流术的类型、适应证、手术方法及疗效.方法:回顾性分析132例采用鼻内进路显微-内镜下行Draf Ⅰ～Ⅲ型额窦引流术、随访1～12年的患者的临床资料.结果:有效率分别为,Ⅰ型83.4%,Ⅱ型83.7%,Ⅲ型89.4%,3型疗效差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论:对重症、慢性息肉性鼻窦炎以及经内镜鼻窦手术后仍复发的鼻窦炎患者,鼻内进路显微-内镜下额窦引流术可获得确切疗效.     

Scanning Electron Microscopic Evaluation of the Surfaces of Artificial Hearts

This Report summarizes the surface changes seen in artificial hearts implanted in calves for periods up to four months. Fabrication defects as well as degradation resulting from wear are identified. SEM evaluation of the blood contacting surface as well as the surface of the diaphragm associated with the drive mechanism has revealed potential problems with current heart designs and methods of fabrication. Materials evaluation of implanted hearts is crucial for a clinically useful system to evolve.     

Historical prospective of human cytogenetics: from microscope to microarray

After the fundamental discovery in 1956 that normal human cells contain 46 chromosomes, clinical cytogenetics was born and studies into the relation of chromosomal defects and disease could begin. Although many technical advances have been made over this long period, including the introduction of molecular techniques, until now, all cytogenetic studies have been performed through regular microscopes, which was throughout the years the most important equipment of a cytogenetic laboratory. However, recently a new technique has been introduced based on comparative genomic hybridization on an array of thousands of different probes (array-CGH). This technique enables an increase in the sensitivity of detecting chromosomal aberrations far beyond the detection limit of regular banding techniques. Furthermore, it gives us the possibility to detect genomic changes in malignant cells in cases where aberrations are too complex to study or when chromosomes are not available at all. Cytogenetic laboratories are now challenged to introduce and incorporate this new application next to the various well-established microscopical techniques to provide optimal diagnostic services.     

The Cohesive-Adhesive Balances in Dry Powder Inhaler Formulations II: Influence on Fine Particle Delivery Characteristics

PURPOSE: To investigate the influence of the cohesive-adhesive balances on dry powder formulation aerosolization and delivery characteristics. METHODS: De-agglomeration properties of pharmaceutical powders were investigated using an Aerosizer at various shear forces. Aerosol drug deposition properties of drug-only formulations and carrier-based formulations were investigated using a low-resistance device (Rotahaler) and a high-resistance device (Turbuhaler) via a twin-stage impinger. RESULTS: A paradoxical relationship between particle cohesive strength and de-agglomeration efficiencies of drug-only formulations was observed, where an increase in cohesive strength led to a higher fine particle fraction. A possible explanation for the variation in the fluidization and aerosolization properties between low and high cohesive particles was modeled on the relationship between cohesion, metastable agglomerate size, and the resulting aerodynamic drag force acting on the fluidized agglomerates. The addition of a fine particle lactose carrier influenced the drug deposition patterns in different ways depending on the relative cohesive and adhesive force balances within the formulation. CONCLUSIONS: The use of the colloid Atomic Force Microscrope (AFM) technique in combination with the cohesive-adhesive balance (CAB) system provides a novel preformulation tool for investigating the likely behavior of a dry powder formulation and a possible means of interpreting the possible de-aggregation and dispersion mechanisms of carrier-based formulations.