节细胞神经瘤的CT和MRI诊断

目的：分析节细胞神经瘤的影像表现特点,提高节细胞神经瘤影像诊断的准确性。方法：搜集经手术病理证实的21例节细胞神经瘤的CT和MRI资料,回顾性分析病灶的影像特点,并与组织病理学特征相对照。结果：所有病例均为单发病灶。4例位于后纵隔,9例位于肾上腺,8例位于腹膜后间隙,病灶平均大小约4.2cm,CT平扫为均匀或不均匀低密度,T1WI表现为不均匀低信号,T2WI表现为不均匀高信号,增强后不强化或轻度强化,延迟后可进行性增强,肿瘤包绕血管但管腔不狭窄,5例肿瘤内出现点状或条状钙化。结论：CT和MRI平扫及增强扫描能较好地显示节细胞神经瘤的内部结构和影像学特点,反映病灶的血供特点和病理特征,有助于其它病变进行鉴别。     

肾上腺节细胞神经瘤的CT、MRI表现及病理对照

目的：总结分析肾上腺节细胞神经瘤的CT和MRI表现,提高对本病的认识。方法：回顾性分析经手术病理证实的19例肾上腺节细胞神经瘤患者的CT和MRI表现。15例患者行CT平扫及增强扫描,5例患者行MRI扫描,其中l例患者同时行CT和MRI检查。结果：19例病灶均为单发,位于右侧肾上腺者14例（73．6％）,左侧肾上腺者5例（26．3％）。病灶最小者为2．0cm×2．0cm,最大者为10cm×7．0cm。肿瘤边界清楚,CT平扫密度低于肌肉组织,CT值20～30HU,增强扫描动脉期无明显强化,静脉期、延迟期呈轻度强化。2例（10．5％）肿块边缘见点状钙化。5例行MRl扫描的病例中,病灶T1wI呈低信号,T2wl呈高或稍高信号,增强扫描动脉期病灶无明显强化,静脉期、延迟期呈轻度强化。结论：CT、MRI能很好地显示肾上腺节细胞神经瘤的影像学特点,并能清晰显示病灶与周围组织结构的关系,有助于和肾上腺其他病变的鉴别。     

腹膜后神经节细胞瘤的CT诊断与文献复习

目的分析腹膜后神经节细胞瘤的CT表现。方法回顾分析8例经手术证实的腹膜后神经节细胞瘤CT表现。结果8例病灶呈类圆形或卵圆形,平扫呈低密度肿块,密度均匀,边界均较清晰,增强后动脉期8例病灶均无明显强化,静脉期轻度强化3例,无明显强化5例。结论明确腹膜后神经节细胞瘤的CT特征有助于对腹膜后肿瘤的准确诊断和鉴别。     

Cytoplasmic tubular inclusion in ganglioneuroma

Summary Unusual tubular inclusions were observed in the cytoplasm of ganglion cells of a mediastinal ganglioneuroma in a boy of 7 years. The inclusions consisted of an aggregation of about 100-nm-sized tubular structures resembling honeycomb-like tubular structures in the axoplasm of rats and mice and suggested to be derived from dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum. These structures differ from profiles reported in normal and pathologic conditions and seem to be related to the neoplastic character of the ganglion cells.     

椎管内节细胞神经瘤MRI征象

目的 分析椎管内节细胞神经瘤的MRI征象,以提高术前诊断能力。方法 回顾性分析9例经手术病理证实、累及椎管的节细胞神经瘤MRI资料,观察肿瘤位置、形态、大小、信号和强化程度等。结果 共纳入9个病灶,其中位于颈椎4个,胸椎2个,腰骶椎3个;7个累及椎管内外,呈哑铃状,2个位于椎间孔区,呈结节状;9个病灶T2WI均呈均匀或不均匀高信号,1个病灶内见囊变坏死。8个接受增强扫描的病灶中,3个呈明显强化,5个呈轻中度强化,4个病灶内见条状强化。所有病灶均伴有受累椎间孔扩大,但骨质未见破坏。结论 椎管内节细胞神经瘤MRI表现具有一定特征性,有助于术前准确诊断。     

肾上腺节细胞神经瘤的MR表现与病理对照分析

目的探讨肾上腺节细胞神经瘤的MR表现,以提高对该病的认识和诊断水平。方法回顾性分析8例经手术、病理证实的肾上腺节细胞神经瘤的MR表现,并与病理结果进行对照。结果 8例肾上腺节细胞神经瘤5例位于右侧,3例位于左侧;病侧肾上腺湮灭,所有病灶边界清楚,其中6例病灶呈圆形或椭圆形,2例呈不规则形,并呈塑形生长,无周围组织和血管侵犯征像;MR主要表现为T1WI呈等强度或低信号影,T2WI呈明显不均匀高信号影,5例内见条状、片状或漩涡状低信号影,DWI呈高信号影,增强后动脉早期轻度强化,实质期、延迟期呈渐进性不均匀轻中度强化;镜下肿瘤由呈束状、漩涡状排列的神经纤维细胞和散在分布的胞浆丰富的节细胞组成,细胞间质含大量黏液基质。结论肾上腺节细胞神经瘤的MR表现具有一定特征性,与病理特点有很好的相关性,有助于与肾上腺其他病变相鉴别。     

Adrenal ganglioneuroma

BACKGROUND: A 20-year-old man was referred after having been discovered a left adrenal incidentaloma. Characteristics on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) suggested the diagnosis of adrenal ganglioneuroma or carcinoma. Pathological examination after adrenalectomy concluded it was an adrenal ganglioneuroma. We studied the characteristics of adrenal ganglioneuroma. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed hormonal status, computed tomography and MRI features, and histological findings of our series of 8 adrenal ganglioneuromas. RESULTS: Specific features were: (1) no hormonal hypersecretion; (2) presence of calcifications, no vessel involvement; and a non-enhanced attenuation of less than 40 Hounsfield units on computed tomography; and (3) low non-enhanced T1-weighted signal, a slightly high and heterogeneous T2-weighted signal, and a late and gradual enhancement on dynamic MRI, especially if associated with a whorled pattern. CONCLUSIONS: Even if many aggressive tumors share some of those radiological features, the presence of all or most of them must lead the clinician to consider the diagnosis of adrenal ganglioneuroma.     

Excision of ganglioneuroma from skull base to aortic arch

High retropharyngeal neuroblastic tumors in children have been excised and debulked transorally or cervically, often with a covering tracheostomy. Although we and others have approached high thoracic lesions thoracoscopically, the trapdoor incision (or modification thereof) is generally reserved for cervicothoracic tumors with significant vessel encasement around the thoracic inlet. We report a case of symptomatic ganglioneuroma extending from the nasopharynx, at the level of the skull base, down to the aortic arch: macroscopic clearance was achieved via an extended trapdoor incision and without recourse to tracheostomy, transoral surgery, or transfusion.