Calgary-Cambridge会谈指南用于护生治疗性沟通教学实践

目的探讨Calgary-Cambridge会谈指南在护生实习期间治疗性沟通实践教学中的应用效果。方法采用随机数字表将167名实习护生分为实验组(84人)和对照组(83人),实验组按照Calgary-Cambridge会谈指南对护生进行治疗性沟通临床实践指导,包括开始会谈、收集信息、提供访谈结构、建立关系、解释和计划、结束会谈共6个步骤,对照组采用常规沟通指导,实习前后分别采用护生临床沟通能力测评量表进行测评。结果实习结束后,实验组护生沟通能力总分及5个维度(除建立和谐关系维度外)评分显著高于对照组(P0.05,P0.01)。结论在临床实践活动中,采用Calgary-Cambridge会谈指南对护生进行护患沟通技能训练,效果优于常规方法。     

Guideline for translation and national validation of the Quality of Life in Hand Eczema Questionnaire (QOLHEQ)

There is a need for well‐developed and validated questionnaires to measure patient reported outcomes. The Quality of Life in Hand Eczema Questionnaire (QOLHEQ) is such a validated instrument measuring disease‐specific health‐related quality of life in hand eczema patients. A re‐validation of measurement properties is required before an instrument is used in a new population. With the objective of arriving at a guideline for translation and national validation of the QOLHEQ, we have developed the design of a reference study on how to adequately assess measurement properties of the QOLHEQ based on interdisciplinary discussions and current standards. We present a step‐by‐step guideline to assess translation (including cross‐cultural adaptation), scale structure, validity, reproducibility, responsiveness, and interpretability. We describe which outcomes should be reported for each measurement property, and give advice on how to calculate these. It is also specified which sample size is needed, how to deal with missing data, and which cutoff values should be applied for the measurement properties assessed during the validation process. In conclusion, this guideline, presenting a reference validation study for the QOLHEQ, creates the possibility to harmonize the national validation of the various language versions of the QOLHEQ.     

《FIGO 2018癌症报告》——子宫肉瘤诊治指南解读

正子宫肉瘤约占所有女性生殖道恶性肿瘤的1%,子宫体恶性肿瘤的3%～7%。因其罕见和组织病理学的多样性,目前仍缺乏最佳治疗方案和与不良预后相关的危险因素的共识。子宫肉瘤的亚型有平滑肌肉瘤、子宫内膜间质肉瘤(ESS)和子宫腺肉瘤。目前,癌肉瘤被认为     

Pediatric Perioperative DNR Orders: A Case Series in a Children's Hospital

Context

Do-not-resuscitate (DNR) orders are common among children receiving palliative care, who may nevertheless benefit from surgery and other procedures. Although anesthesia, surgery, and pediatric guidelines recommend systematic reconsideration of DNR orders in the perioperative period, data regarding how clinicians evaluate and manage DNR orders in the perioperative period are limited.

The Breast Health Global Initiative: clinical practice guidelines for management of breast cancer in low- and middle-income countries

Breast cancer is an increasingly urgent problem in low- and mid-level resource countries of the world. Despite knowing the optimal management strategy based on guidelines developed in wealthy countries, clinicians are forced to provide less-than-optimal care to patients when diagnostic and/or treatment resources are lacking. For this reason, it is important to identify which resources commonly applied in resource-abundant countries most effectively fill the healthcare needs in limited-resource regions, where patients commonly present with more advanced disease at diagnosis, and to provide guidance on how new resource allocations should be made in order to maximize improvement in outcome. Established in 2002, the Breast Health Global Initiative (BHGI) created an international health alliance to develop evidence-based guidelines for countries with limited resources (low- and middle-income countries) to improve breast health outcomes. The BHGI serves as a program for international guideline development and as a hub for linkage among clinicians, governmental health agencies and advocacy groups to translate guidelines into policy and practice. The BHGI collaborated with 12 national and international health organizations, cancer societies and nongovernmental organizations to host two BHGI international summits. The evidence-based BHGI Guidelines, developed at the 2002 Global Summit, were published in 2003 as a theoretical treatize on international breast healthcare. These guidelines were then updated and expanded at the 2005 Global Summit into a fully comprehensive and flexible framework to permit incremental improvements in healthcare delivery, based upon outcomes, cost, cost–effectiveness and use of healthcare services.     

An educational intervention to update health workers about HIV and infant feeding

Clinical guidelines are used to translate research findings into evidence‐based clinical practice but are frequently not comprehensively adopted by health workers (HWs). HIV and infant feeding guidelines were revised by the World Health Organization to align feeding advice for HIV‐exposed and unexposed infants, and these were adopted in South Africa in 2017. We describe an innovative, team‐based, mentoring programme developed to update HWs on these guidelines. The intervention was underpinned by strong theoretical frameworks and aimed to improve HWs' attitudes, knowledge, confidence, and skills about breastfeeding in the context of HIV. On‐site workshops and clinical mentoring used interactive participatory methods and a simple low‐tech approach, guided by participants' self‐reported knowledge gaps. Workshops were conducted at 24 participating clinics over three sessions, each lasting 1–2 hr. Evaluation data were collected using a self‐administered questionnaire. Of 303 participating HWs, 249/303 (82.2%) attended all workshops. Achieving high workshop attendance was challenging and “catch‐up” sessions were required to achieve good coverage. Common knowledge gaps identified included antiretroviral therapy adherence monitoring during breastfeeding and management of viral load results (173 participants), management of breast conditions (79), and advice about expressing and storing breastmilk (64). Most participants reported all their knowledge gaps were addressed and anticipated that their practice would change. We describe a feasible, sustainable approach to updating HWs on HIV and infant feeding guidelines and improving skills in breastfeeding counselling in resource‐constrained settings. This approach could be adapted to other topics and, with further evaluation, implemented at scale using existing resources.