保留后瓣及瓣下结构的二尖瓣置换术临床分析

目的总结保留二尖瓣后瓣及瓣下结构二尖瓣置换术(MVR)的经验,评价其临床效果。方法回顾性分析首都医科大学北京安贞医院2006年1月至2011年3月行MVR患者1 035例的临床资料,其中男562例,女473例;年龄37～78(53.84±13.13)岁。风湿性心脏瓣膜病712例,退行性瓣膜病323例;二尖瓣狭窄为主389例,二尖瓣关闭不全为主646例;均排除冠状动脉疾病。不保留后瓣及瓣下结构的MVR(不保留组)457例,保留后瓣及瓣下结构的MVR(保留组)578例,两组患者术前情况差异无统计学意义。分析比较两组患者手术后并发症、死亡率,以及左心室大小与功能。结果不保留组与保留组患者的死亡率(2.63%vs.1.21%,P=0.091)及并发症发生率(8.53%vs.7.44%,P=0.519)差异无统计学意义,但不保留组左心室破裂发生率高于保留组(1.09%vs.0.00%,P=0.012);术后6个月心脏超声心动图提示左心室舒张期末内径(LVEDD)较术前缩小,但两组差异无统计学意义;两组患者左心室射血分数(LVEF)均较术前提高,保留组中二尖瓣关闭不全为主患者的LVEF优于不保留组(56.00%±3.47%vs.53.00%±3.13%,P=0.000),两组二尖瓣狭窄为主的患者中LVEF差异无统计学意义(57.00%±5.58%vs.56.00%±4.79%,P=0.066)。结论保留二尖瓣后瓣及瓣下结构的MVR安全有效,可以减少术后左心室破裂的发生并改善术后心功能。     

Scapular fractures and concomitant injuries

Objective: The association of scapular fractures with other life-threatening injuries including blunt thoracic aortic injury is widely recognized.Few studies have investigated this presumed association...     

Regurgitation and aspiration

Regurgitation and aspiration remains one of the major complications of general anaesthesia. Aspiration is defined as oropharyngeal or gastric content entering the airway below the level of the cords. This can cause morbidity and mortality by direct effects of the particulate, acid- related damage and bacterial pneumonia. It occurs largely in patients with risk factors although occasionally in patients that are low risk. Anaesthetic technique should be adjusted depending on the patient's risk of aspiration with rapid sequence induction considered in high-risk patients. Recognition and appropriate management of aspiration is essential.     

胸主动脉假性动脉瘤破裂死亡1例

患者男,30岁,因＂晕厥＂入院。患者于1日前进餐后感上腹不适、寒战、发热（39℃）,当地社区门诊以呼吸道感染、肺炎给予治疗,治疗中出现右前胸痛剧烈、气短、双眼凝视并晕厥,间断解黑色糊便,呕吐淡红色血性液体及痰液。入院后患者烦躁,四肢冰凉,     

应用覆膜血管内支架植入术治疗DeBakey Ⅲ型主动脉夹层

主动脉夹层在急性期死亡率极高,血肿压迫主动脉分支血管时,相应脏器出现缺血症状。传统手术治疗需要阻断主动脉血流,导致内脏或脊髓缺血时间较长,加上人造血管吻合口渗血、术后切口易出现并发症及需要长时间的重症监护等因素,使其应用受到限制。自从1994年Dake     

The time-course changes of NT-proBNP and tissue Doppler indices in patients undergoing mitral valve replacement

Background: In severe mitral regurgitation, a subset of patients who are asymptomatic may develop left ventricular decompensation before changes in echocardiographic parameters become evident. Since N-terminal brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) is used to detect early heart failure, we hypothesised that NT-proBNP would be activated in patients with mitral regurgitation. Methods: Patients submitted to surgery were prospectively evaluated over eight months in the Department of Cardiology at Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital. Control patients with severe mitral regurgitation were obtained from the outpatient clinic. In order to define their value in identifying left ventricular decompensation, NT-proBNP levels and tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) indices were simultaneously measured and compared with conventional echocardiographic indices at baseline and this was repeated at one week and at six weeks after valve replacement. Results: Mean NT-proBNP levels were markedly elevated pre-operatively in all surgical cases compared to controls (p = 0.0001). The diastolic E-mitral/E-annulus ratio, measured using TDI, was higher in the study group, indicating higher left ventricular filling pressure present in the study group. NT-proBNP levels increased further at one week after surgery and subsided at the six-week follow-up visit to levels similar to the control group. The TDI diastolic ratio also decreased at one week, and increased slightly again at the six-week follow up. These changes were accompanied by significant reduction in left atrium and left ventricular chamber dimensions with an increase in the ejection fraction from one to six weeks. Conclusion: Marked differences in mean NT-proBNP levels and TDI ratios between the study and control groups suggest that using TDI and NT-proBNP assays may detect covert left ventricular decompensation.     

Clinically unrecognized mitral regurgitation is prevalent in lone atrial fibrillation

AIM:To investigate the prevalence of clinically unrecognized mitral regurgitation(MR) in lone atrial fibrillation(AF).METHODS:We studied the prevalence and severity of MR by transesophageal echocardiography(TEE) in patients with "lone" AF as compared to a matched cohort of patients in normal sinus rhythm(NSR) undergoing TEE for other indications besides recognized valvular heart disease.RESULTS:A total of 157 subjects(57 in the AF group and 100 in the NSR group) with structurally normal cardiac valves were included in the study.In the AF group,moderate MR or more was noted in 66% of thepatients,mild MR in 18%,trace or no MR in 16%.In the control group,moderate MR was noted in 6% of patients,mild MR 31%,trace or no MR in 63 % of patients.Moderate MR or greater was significantly more prevalent in the AF group compared to the NSR group(66% vs 6%,P < 0.0001).CONCLUSION:Clinically unrecognized moderate MR is prevalent in "lone" AF-either as an etiologic factor leading to "lone" AF or developing after onset of AF.     

Clinical and prognostic implications of atrial fibrillation in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation

AIM: To study a cohort of consecutive patients under-going transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) and compare the outcomes of atrial fibrillation (AF) patients vs patients in sinus rhythm (SR). METHODS: All consecutive patients undergoing TAVI in our hospital were included. The AF group comprised patients in AF at the time of TAVI or with history of AF, and were compared with the SR group. Procedural, echocardiographic and follow-up variables were compared. Likewise, the CHA 2 DS 2-VASC stroke risk score and HAS-BLED bleeding risk score and antithrombotic treatment at discharge in AF patients were compared with that in SR patients. RESULTS: From a total of 34 patients undergoing TAVI, 17 (50%) were allocated to the AF group, of whom 15 (88%) were under chronic oral anticoagulation. Patients in the AF group were similar to those in the SR group except for a trend (P = 0.07) for a higher logistic EuroSCORE (28% vs 19%), and a higher prevalence of hypertension (82% vs 53%) and chronic renal failure (17% vs 0%). Risk of both stroke and bleeding was high in the AF group (mean CHA 2 DS 2-VASC 4.3, mean HAS-BLED 2.9). In the AF group, treatment at discharge included chronic oral anticoagulation in all except one case, and in association with an antiplatelet drug in 57% of patients. During a mean follow-up of 11 mo (maximum 32), there were only two strokes, none of them during the peri-procedural period: one in the AF group at 30 mo and one in the SR group at 3 mo. There were no statistical differences in procedural success, and clinical outcome (survival at 1 year 81% vs 74% in AF and SR groups, respectively, P = NS). CONCLUSION: Patients in AF undergoing TAVI show a trend to a higher surgical risk. However, in our cohort, patients in AF did not have a higher stroke rate compared to the SR group, and the prognosis was similar in both groups.     

主动脉CTA及后处理技术对夹层动脉瘤的诊断价值

目的：探讨多层螺旋CT对主动脉夹层动脉瘤的诊断价值及其临床应用.材料与方法：对51例夹层动脉瘤患者进行MSCT平扫及增强扫描,并利用原始数据在工作站进行MPR、CPR及VR后处理.结果：横轴位图像上可观察到真假腔形态、大小、剥脱的内膜片、破口位置及内膜和主动脉壁钙化,而后处理重建图像能观察主动脉整体受累情况,确定内膜剥离范围,显示破口、内膜与各分支血管之间的关系,按DeBakey分型,表现为1型16例,Ⅱ型10例,Ⅲ型25例.结论：主动脉CTA是诊断夹层动脉瘤的首选检查方法,综合运用后处理技术对提高图像质量及确诊率具有较高的价值.     

超声心动图与CT血管成像诊断主动脉缩窄的价值对比研究

目的对比分析多普勒超声心动图和CT血管成像（CTA）在主动脉缩窄（COA）诊断中的价值。方法回顾性分析北京军区总医院2009年1月至2013年9月经手术证实的92例COA患者的术前多普勒超声心动图及CTA特征,并与手术结果进行对照。结果经手术证实的92例COA患者中,超声诊断正确87例,CTA诊断正确91例,两者对COA的诊断符合率分别为95%（87/92）和99%（91/92）,差异无统计学意义（χ^2=1.550,P=0.213）。手术证实的结构异常共计222处,包括心内结构异常110处、心脏-血管连接异常13处和心外血管异常99处。在110处心内结构异常中,CTA检出92处、漏诊18处,包括瓣膜或瓣环病变11处、卵圆孔未闭3处、房间隔缺损2处、室间隔缺损和心内膜垫缺损各1处;超声对所有心内结构异常全部检出;两者对心内结构异常的诊断符合率分别为84%（92/110）和100%（110/110）,差异有统计学意义（χ^2=18.801,P=0.000）。心脏-大血管连接异常13处,CTA与超声均全部检出。大血管异常99处,CTA漏诊2处,包括主肺动脉侧支循环和主动脉隔膜型缩窄各1处;超声漏诊15处病变,包括主动脉缩窄4处,侧支动脉3处,动脉导管未闭、迷走右锁骨下动脉和永存左上腔静脉各2处,头臂静脉走行异常和部分型肺静脉异位引流各1处;误诊1例,将主动脉缩窄误诊为主动脉弓离断;CTA、超声对大血管异常的诊断符合率分别为98%（97/99）和84%（83/99）,CTA明显高于超声（χ^2=11.350,P=0.000）。结论超声心动图和CTA均是诊断主动脉缩窄的有效检查方法,CTA在诊断心脏外大血管异常方面优于超声心动图,而超声心动图在诊断心内畸形方面优于CTA,两者联合应用能为临床诊断提供更准确的信息。