不同浓度右美托咪定联合瑞芬太尼辅助局部浸润麻醉对老年腹股沟疝开放修补术患者的镇静作用及安全性分析

目的探究不同浓度右美托咪定联合瑞芬太尼辅助局部浸润麻醉对老年腹股沟疝开放修补术患者的镇静作用及安全性。 方法2019年1至10月于重庆医科大学附属永川医院行局部浸润麻醉下腹股沟疝修补术治疗的90例老年腹股沟疝患者。通过随机数字表法将其分为对照组（45例）和观察组（45例）。对照组予以高剂量[0.6 μg/(kg·h）]盐酸右美托咪定注射液联合注射用盐酸瑞芬太尼辅助局部浸润麻醉;观察组予以低剂量[0.3μg/(kg·h）]盐酸右美托咪定注射液联合注射用盐酸瑞芬太尼辅助局部浸润麻醉。比较2组患者用药前（T1）、用药后10 min（T2）、20 min（T3）、30 min（T4）、患者清醒后（T5）的警觉/镇静（OAA/S）评分和血流动力学指标;观察2组局麻时、切皮时、手术中、缝皮时的疼痛程度及治疗期间的安全性。 结果T1～T4 2组OAA/S评分呈降低趋势,T5时OAA/S评分升高,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;T1～T4观察组平均动脉压（MAP）、心率（HR）呈降低趋势,T5时MAP、HR升高,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;且T3、T4时,观察组OAA/S评分、MAP、HR低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。观察组在各时间点（局麻时、切皮时、手术中、缝皮时）的视觉模拟评分（VAS）均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。观察组患者躁动、恶性呕吐的发生率为2.22%、4.44%,低于对照组的17.78%、17.78%,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。 结论低剂量右美托咪定联合瑞芬太尼辅助局部浸润麻醉可显著改善老年腹股沟疝患者的血流动力学,镇静、镇痛效果显著,安全性高。     

0.375%罗哌卡因不同注射速度对后入路腰方肌阻滞术后镇痛效果的影响

目的 探讨0.375%罗哌卡因不同注射速度对超声引导下后入路腰方肌阻滞术后镇痛效果的影响。
方法 拟在择期全麻下行腹腔镜Dixon直肠癌根治术患者60例,男40例,女20例,年龄35～70岁,BMI 18～30 kg/m²,ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,采用随机数字表法分为两组：每侧注射速度40 ml/min组（H组）和每侧注射速度20 ml/min组（L组）,每组30例。全麻诱导前行超声引导下双侧后入路腰方肌阻滞,H组和L组每侧分别以40 ml/min和20 ml/min给予0.375%罗哌卡因20 ml。术后均行舒芬太尼PCIA。记录术中舒芬太尼用量和术后镇痛泵首次按压时间。记录术后4、8、12、24 h静息、运动时VAS疼痛评分、舒芬太尼用量、补救性镇痛例数。记录内脏损伤、局麻药中毒、穿刺血肿等并发症的发生情况。
结果 与L组比较,H组术中舒芬太尼用量明显减少,术后镇痛泵首次按压时间延长（P<0.05）;术后4、8、12、24 h静息、运动时VAS疼痛评分明显降低,舒芬太尼用量明显减少（P<0.05）;补救性镇痛例数明显减少（P<0.05）。两组均无内脏损伤、局麻药中毒、穿刺血肿等并发症发生。
结论 超声引导下后入路腰方肌阻滞中,0.375%罗哌卡因注射速度40 ml/min的术后镇痛效果优于20 ml/min。     

静脉全麻复合骶管阻滞在小儿下腹部手术中应用分析

目的研究分析静脉全麻复合骶管阻滞在小儿下腹部手术中的应用效果。方法选取2012年12月-2013年12月收治的90例行下腹部手术患儿作为研究对象,将所有患儿按照随机数字法分为观察组和对照组两组,每组45例。对照组给予患儿单纯静脉复合麻醉,观察组给予患儿静脉全麻复合骶管阻滞。对比观察两组患者血流动力学变化情况、氯胺酮的使用剂量以及苏醒时间情况。结果观察组患儿在切皮时血氧饱和度（Sp O2）明显高于对照组,观察组患儿在切皮时和术后10 min的心率低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。观察组的氯胺酮的使用剂量及苏醒时间均明显优于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论对于行下腹部手术患儿采取静脉全麻复合骶管阻滞的麻醉方法能够有效镇痛。     

罗哌卡因复合芬太尼腰-硬联合麻醉用于第一产程潜伏期镇痛效果及安全性分析

目的：探讨罗哌卡因复合芬太尼腰-硬联合麻醉用于第一产程潜伏期分娩的效果及安全性。方法将78例足月产妇采用数字表法随机分为三组,每组各26例,其中A组未实施镇痛,B组于第一产程潜伏期行分娩镇痛（罗哌卡因复合芬太尼腰-硬联合麻醉）,C组于第一产程活跃期行分娩镇痛。观察三组产程时间、分娩方式、新生儿Apgar评分、镇痛前后VAS评分及不良反应发生情况。结果 B组镇痛后5、10、30 min时VAS评分分别为（5．01±0．61）分、（2．30±0．32）分和（1．65±0．21）分,均显著低于镇痛前（ t＝6.59、9．62、10．73,均P＜0．05）和A组（ t＝6．76、9．80、11．02,均P＜0．05）;C组镇痛后5、10、30 min时VAS评分分别为（4．92±0．57）分、（2．34±0．30）分和（1．61±0．23）分,均显著低于镇痛前（t＝9．72、9．55、10．91,均P＜0．05）和A组（t＝6．88、9．73、11．30,均P＜0．05）;B组与C组镇痛后各时间点VAS评分差异均无统计学意义（t＝2．22、2．08、1．99,均P＞0．05）;B组和C组第一产程分别为（327．43±31．02）min和（335．62±30.18）min,均较A组显著减少（t ＝7．21、6．90,均P＜0．05）;B组和C 组自然分娩率分别为80．77％和84.62％,均显著高于A组的57．69％（χ2＝8．43、8．81,均P＜0．05）;三组不良反应发生率差异均无统计学意义（χ2＝2．23、2．23,均P＞0．05）。结论罗哌卡因复合芬太尼腰-硬联合麻醉用于第一产程潜伏期和活跃期均具有较好的镇痛效果,可有效减轻产妇分娩疼痛,提高自然分娩率,且不良反应少。     

Efficacy of patient-controlled hydromorphone analgesia in those undergoing uterine fibroid artery embolization via the right radial artery

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) with hydromorphone as perioperative analgesia during uterine artery embolization (UAE) via the right radial artery.Patients and methodsA total of 33 patients with uterine fibroids, who underwent UAE at the authors’ hospital between June 2021 and March 2022, were selected. Hydromorphone (10 ​mg) was dispensed into a 100 ​ml PCA pump with normal saline. Pump administration was initiated 15 ​min before the start of the procedure, and the intraoperative dose was adjusted according to patient pain level. A numerical rating scale was used to evaluate pain immediately after embolization, 5 ​min after embolization, at the end of the procedure, and 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 ​h after the procedure. Side effects were also observed.ResultsThirty-three patients underwent uterine artery embolization via the right radial artery. Patient pain was well controlled at all time points surveyed, and patients reported satisfaction with analgesia. The median length of hospital stay was 5 days. There were 7 cases of adverse reactions, but no serious side effects were observed.ConclusionPatients reported positive experiences with arterial embolization of uterine fibroids via the right radial artery. Hydromorphone PCA effectively controlled pain. The PCA pump is easy to operate, has a low incidence of adverse reactions, and offers economic benefits at the patient and institutional levels.     

Single dose spinal analgesia: Is it a good alternative to epidural analgesia in controlling labour pain?

ObjectivesRegional anaesthesia is considered the optimal technique for obstetric patients; nevertheless, the optimal method of regional anaesthesia for delivery remains to be determined. In our study we investigate the safety, efficacy and cost benefits of single-dose spinal analgesia in comparison with epidural analgesia during labour.Study designIn our study women in advanced labour were randomly allocated into two equal groups using a computer-generated randomization table, one group (spinal group = S group) were given 3.75 mg hyperbaric bupivacaine +25 μg fentanyl with 0.75 ml saline, the other group (Epidural group = E group) were given 4 ml bupivacaine with 4 ml saline and 1 ml (50 μg) fentanyl pain intensity was recorded by the parturient on a visual analogue scale. The quality of pain relief was also rated with a verbal score directly after delivery. Side effects, such as hypotension, Pruritus, sedation, nausea and motor block were noted. Obstetric parameters were followed and recorded, Apgar score were noted, and all the results were compared in the two groups.ResultsOnset of sensory block (detected by pin-prick test) was early (4.4 ± 1.5 min vs 12.5 ± 2.3 min, p < 0.001) and duration of sensory block was longer (120.4 ± 15.6 vs 103.2 ± 18.3 min, p < 0.001) in S group compared to E group, time to reach maximum dermatome level of sensory block (T₁₀) was shorter in S than E group (8.3 ± 2.4 min vs 22.4 ± 5.7 min, p < 0.001), two segment regression occur late in S group compared to E group(75.6 ± 12.5 min vs 66.3 ± 9.4 min, p < 0.001). Visual analogue scores after 5, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 min were lower in S group compared to E group, all the previous result is statically significant (p < 0.001). 88% of the parturients in S group vs 60% in E group scored the analgesic quality as excellent, the mean duration of analgesia (Mean ± SD) was longer in S group compared to E group. 8% of parturients in S group vs 14% of parturients in E group had hypotension. Motor block, sedation and nausea were 2–6% in both groups. Pruritus was seen in 60% in E group vs 25% in spinal one. No caesarean section was performed. Vacuum extraction was done in 15% vs 25% among S group and E group respectively. Oxytocin augmentation was needed in 48% vs 62% of the parturients among S group and E group respectively. Faetal heart rate disturbances following the spinal block were seen in 2 cases. Apgar score were high and no neonate had Apgar score <7 in both group. The overall cost was lower in S group compared to E group.ConclusionsBased on the results of our study we concluded that single dose spinal analgesia is a good alternative to epidural analgesia in controlling labour pain i.e. spinal compared to epidural is more easy performed, faster, less expensive, and provide effective analgesia.     

金桔胶囊抗炎镇痛、镇咳祛痰和免疫增强的药理学作用

目的:研究金桔胶囊抗炎镇痛、镇咳祛痰和免疫增强的药理学作用。方法:采用小鼠耳廓肿胀法和腹腔致炎法,观察金桔胶囊的抗炎作用;采用醋酸刺激扭体法复制小鼠疼痛模型,观察金桔胶囊的镇痛作用;采用氨水引咳法和酚红祛痰法观察金桔胶囊镇咳和祛痰作用;采用碳廓清法观察金桔胶囊对小鼠非特异性免疫功能的影响。结果:8.0、4.0 g/kg金桔胶囊能明显抑制二甲苯致小鼠耳廓炎性肿胀,延长小鼠扭体反应潜伏期、减少扭体次数,延长小鼠咳嗽潜伏期、减少咳嗽次数,增加小鼠气管的酚红排泌量(P<0.05),升高碳廓清指数及吞噬指数(P<0.05);8.0、4.0、2.0 g/kg金桔胶囊能降低醋酸致小鼠腹腔毛细血管通透性(P<0.01或P<0.05)。结论:金桔胶囊具有明显的抗炎镇痛、镇咳祛痰和免疫增强作用。     

地佐辛与吗啡在重症医学科镇痛、镇静的疗效比较

目的：比较地佐辛、吗啡在重症医学科镇痛、镇静的疗效。方法将60例重症医学科患者随机均分为地佐辛组、吗啡组。地佐辛组：地佐辛1.25mg/h静脉持续泵入;吗啡组：吗啡2mg/h静脉持续泵入。记录并比较24h、48h、72h的疼痛视觉模拟评分（VAS评分）以及不良反应发生情况。结果两组疼痛VAS评分的差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。地佐辛组患者不良反应发生率为16.7%,显著低于吗啡组的43.3%,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论地佐辛镇痛效果与吗啡相似,但不良反应更少。     

地佐辛联合帕瑞昔布钠用于垂直斜视矫正术局部麻醉的镇痛效果研究

目的 研究地佐辛联合帕瑞昔布钠经静脉注射在垂直斜视的斜视矫正术中局部麻醉的镇痛效果.方法 选取山东省眼科研究所择期行斜视矫正术的垂直斜视患者80例,完全随机分为4组,每组20例,分别于术前15 min经静脉注射注射用帕瑞昔布钠40 mg（P组）、注射用地佐辛5 mg（D组）、注射用帕瑞昔布钠20 mg＋注射用地佐辛2.5 mg（PD组）、注射用等剂量0.9％氯化钠注射液（N组）.观察患者在术中5 min（T1）、术中15 min（T2）、术毕前5 min（T3）、术后2 h（T4）的疼痛数字模拟评分（NRS）、眼心反射及恶心呕吐、出汗等不良反应.因行上斜肌及下直肌手术的例数较少,故未对其在不同用药组间的NRS及眼心反射发生情况行统计学分析.结果 T1时点P、D、PD组NRS均较N组低,差异有统计学意义[（2.3±0.9）、（2.4±0.8）、（0.8±0.7）分比（5.2±0.7）分]（P＜0.05）;PD组NRS较P、D组低,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;P、D组间差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.P组和D组患者各有1例呕吐,PD组患者无呕吐,N组患者发生呕吐3例（15.0％）,但组间差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.T2时点P、D、PD组NRS均较N组低[（3.2±1.1）、（2.4±0.7）、（1.5±0.8）分比（6.9±1.0）分],PD组NRS较P、D组低,D组NRS较P组低,差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）.4组间恶心呕吐症状,N组较P、D、PD组明显,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;P、D组较PD组明显,差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）;P、D组差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.T3时点P、D、PD组NRS均较N组低,差异有统计学意义[（0.9±0.5）、（0.7±0.4）、（0.3±0.4）分比（1.9±0.9）分]（P＜0.05）;P、D、PD组间差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.4组间恶心呕吐症状,N组较P、D、PD 3组明显,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;P、D、PD组间差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.T4时点4组间NRS差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.4组间恶心     

经皮穴位电刺激镇痛在乳腺癌根治术中的应用

目的 观察经皮穴位电刺激(Transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation,TEAS)用于乳腺癌根治术的镇痛效果.方法 择期行乳腺癌根治术患者60例,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,年龄30～60岁,体重50～80kg,采用随机数字表法,按1∶1比例分为对照组(GA组)和经皮穴位电刺激组(EA组),各30例.GA组在进行手术操作前,选择双侧合谷穴(LI4)、内关穴(PC6)和足三里(ST36)连接华佗电子治疗仪(V型),不进行穴位电刺激;EA组连接华佗电子治疗仪(V型)进行穴位电刺激30min.麻醉诱导:靶控输注异丙酚,血浆靶浓度4μg/ml,静脉注射芬太尼3μg/kg和维库溴铵0.1mg/kg.喉罩插管后行机械通气,维持PETCO2 35～45mmHg.麻醉维持:靶控输注异丙酚,血浆靶浓度2～4μg/ml,微量泵输注瑞芬太尼10～25μg·kg-1·h-1,维持Narcotrend在D2～E1 (46～20)之间,根据Narcotrend监测结果及血流动力学调整异丙酚和瑞芬太尼泵注速度.分别于电针前(T0)、电针结束时(T1)、诱导前(T2)、插管后5min(T3)、切皮前即刻(T4)、手术结束(T5)、拔管后即刻(T6)、拔管后5min (T7),记录HR、MAP、PETCO2、SpO2、Narcotrend数值.记录患者苏醒时间、拔管时间、术中麻醉药物瑞芬太尼和异丙酚用量、术后VAS评分及术后恶心呕吐(PONV)的发生率.结果 与GA组比较,EA组T3～T5时HR、MAP更平稳,瑞芬太尼用药量明显减少,苏醒时间、拔管时间缩短,PONV发生率降低(P＜0.05).结论 在乳腺癌改良根治手术中,TEAS复合全麻有良好的镇痛镇静作用,能减少麻醉药用量,减轻全麻术后的不良反应.