Some new operational modes and parameters of stress relaxation for the viscoelastic characterization of solid polymers. III. The area ratio mode and the intrinsic “strain–clock” function

The introduced area ratio mode of operation with its corresponding parameters seems to have a fairly high sensitivity to the viscoelastic response of the solid polymer. This appeared from the fact that a good distinction among the linear viscoelastic, the nonlinear viscoelastic, and the viscoplastic ranges of behavior can be made. By using a relevant rheological modeling and its corresponding algorithmical approach, in the case of isotactic polypropylene, this material can be characterized as a morphological three‐phase material consisting of an intraspherulitic crystalline, an amorphous phase, and a interspherulitic para‐crystalline phase. In this sense, the material was simulated using two models: the Poynting–Thomson and the Maxwell–Wierchert, from where a good response of the material to the first model appeared. The so‐called intrinsic “strain–clock” function and its corresponding coefficient of strength of nonlinear viscoelastic behavior, which were relieved by the experimental data, seem to be some powerful and very practical “tools” that can give a proven suplementary characterization of the material. Finally, by this intrinsic function, the existence of permanent internal stresses, was confirmed, in an indirect way, which was mentioned in part II of this study. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 87: 149–158, 2003     

拉压不同弹性模量变厚度圆柱壳基本方程及其应用

本文以变厚度圆柱壳微分单元为分析模型,导出了拉压不同弹性模量复合材料变厚度圆柱壳弯曲问题的平衡微分方程及其关系式.该方程的COLSYS数值解与ANSYS有限元结果比较表明,本文理论公式正确,基本假定合理,可作为复合材料变厚度圆柱壳较为精确的弯曲理论.     

Adhesion Mechanisms of Polyurethanes to Glass Surfaces I. Structure-Property Relationships in Polyurethanes and Their Effects on Adhesion to Glass

Polyurethanes were prepared from toluene diisocyanate (TDI), 1-4-butane diol (BDO) and polycaprolactone-based triols with varying molecular weights. Among each molecular weight triol-based urethane, hard segment content was varied from 20% to 70%. Differential scanning calorimetry, tensile testing, and Iosipescu shear testing were done on all the various urethanes prepared. Thermal characterization data revealed the dependence of phase separation on hard segment content as well as on the triol molecular weight. Tensile data and Iosipescu shear data further confirmed the observations made from the DSC data. The data further indicated that phase separation can greatly improve the modulus of cross-linked segmented urethanes. Adhesion of these urethanes to glass surface was evaluated using soda-lime float glass plate. Urethane samples were cast on the air side of the glass plates and adhesion was measured in shear mode. Adhesion data indicated that in addition to hard segment content, modulus, cross-link density, and molecular weight of the triols, phase separation seems to be a major factor in controlling adhesion. Surfaces of the failed adhesion samples were also analyzed and the failure mode was found to be cohesive, in varying degree, with the different urethane systems.     

HDPE管材专用树脂的流变性能

应用动态流变仪、毛细管流变仪和转矩流变仪,对新型双峰高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)管材专用树脂 6380 M进行流变性能测试分析,并与国内外相同压力等级的HDPE管材专用树脂进行比较。结果表明,6380 M的各种流变性能与进口管材专用树脂相当,而与单峰HDPE管材专用树脂相比具有弹性模量低、零切黏度低、拉伸黏度低的流变特性,从而对其加工性能产生影响。6380 M流动性好,其临界剪切速率高,但熔体强度不及单峰HDPE。     

界面扩展粘度的测量

介绍了界面扩展粘度κ的测定方法及其原理 ,列出了其相应的测定结果 ,同时对各种测定方法进行了分析与比较 ,并对它们的优缺点进行了讨论     

环氧-聚酰胺体系中增韧剂的研究

在环氧-聚酰胺体系中分别加入“海岛结构”QS-1、聚硫橡胶、液体丁腈橡胶增韧改性,通过对固化物剪切强度、弯曲弹性模量及断裂强度的对比,“海岛结构”QS-1增韧综合性能较好.     

用弯曲模型推导二组元复合材料杨氏模量新公式

用弯曲模型推导了适用于悬丝耦合弯曲共振法检测金属第二组元的杨氏模量的理论公式。通过实验数据计算。结果表明在两组元h2/h1≈1时与文献[2]的计算结果几乎接近，为用悬丝耦合弯曲共振法检测各种减振材料，陶瓷材料杨氏模量提供了理论公式；同时用改进后的弯曲模型推导出了适用于纤维复合材料横向杨氏模量的预测公式。     

驱油用聚丙烯酰胺溶液界面特性研究

使用 TRACKR全自动液滴界面张力仪测量了不同试验条件下十二烷 /聚丙烯酰胺溶液界面扩大、缩小时的流变特征及界面张力 ,开发出了用以表征液膜强度的界面黏弹性 E的测量方法。在十二烷 /聚丙烯酰胺界面形成稳定的过程中界面 (扩张 )黏弹模量不断增加 ,并逐渐达到恒定 ,其中弹性成分所占比例远大于黏性成分即 E′>E″。考察的聚合物浓度范围为 5 0～ 2 0 0 0 mg/ L ,界面黏弹模量从 1 7.6提高到 3 0 .6m N·m-1。放置 3 d后的聚合物溶液界面黏弹模量保留率为 82 .8%。实验结果表明聚合物浓度变化对界面张力影响不显著。     

Adhesion and Hydrolytic Stability of the Interface Between High-Modulus Polyethylene Fibers and Acrylic Resins

The effects of oxyen plasma treatment on the surface chemistry of Spectra 1000® high modulus polyethylene fibers and on the mechanical properties of fiber-reinforced composites of the fibers in a Bis-GMA based acrylic resin have been studied. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and diffuse reflectance FTIR spectroscopy have been used to show that the majority of oxygen on the fiber surface exists mostly in the form of ether and/or epoxy linkages, with carbonyl-, carboxylic- and ester-containing compounds accounting for less than 10 percent of the total. While the untreated and plasma-treated fibers have similar chemical compositions, the surfaces of the plasma-treated fibers are more polar and the oxygen is chemically bonded instead of being merely physisorbed. The interfacial shear strength between the fibers and the acrylic resin is increased by a factor of 2.3 by the plasma treatment indicating the presence of a weak boundary layer on the surface of the untreated fibers. The hydrolytic stability of the composite interfaces was investigated for fibers sized with several Bis-GMA-based adhesives. Maximum stability was attained by sizing with Bis-GMA containing a peroxide catalyst or an amine accelerator. The flexural properties of composites utilizing plasma-treated and untreated fibers were compared in three-point bending. The ultimate bending loads for composites using treated fibers were much higher than those for composites with untreated fibers, but only a fraction of that for glass or Kevlar®-reinforced materials.     

Improvement of polymer blend properties by changing sequence of mixing

The basic objective of this article is to improve the polymer blend properties by changing mixing sequence. Blending of two elastomers does not lead to a molecularly homogeneous blend (true solution), but to a heterogeneous system in which both polymer phases are present. In this article, the detailed study of heterogeneous distribution of carbon black as well as blend inhomogenity and the physicomechanical including dynamic mechanical properties of the blend has been carried out. The choice of the blend was natural rubber/polybutadiene rubber as 85:15. Heterogeneous carbon black distribution study was also performed in differential scanning calorimeter. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 2735–2742, 2007