Macrophage Polarization in Cardiac Tissue Repair Following Myocardial Infarction

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity around the globe, creating a substantial socio-economic burden as a result. Myocardial infarction is a significant contributor to the detrimental impact of cardiovascular disease. The death of cardiomyocytes following myocardial infarction causes an immune response which leads to further destruction of tissue, and subsequently, results in the formation of non-contractile scar tissue. Macrophages have been recognized as important regulators and participants of inflammation and fibrosis following myocardial infarction. Macrophages are generally classified into two distinct groups, namely, classically activated, or M1 macrophages, and alternatively activated, or M2 macrophages. The phenotypic profile of cardiac macrophages, however, is much more diverse and should not be reduced to these two subsets. In this review, we describe the phenotypes and functions of macrophages which are present in the healthy, as well as the infarcted heart, and analyze them with respect to M1 and M2 polarization states. Furthermore, we discuss therapeutic strategies which utilize macrophage polarization towards an anti-inflammatory or reparative phenotype for the treatment of myocardial infarction.     

纳米Cr颗粒对Ni-Mo复合镀层性能的影响

为了研究纳米Cr颗粒对Ni-Mo复合镀层性能的影响,采用脉冲电沉积方法制备具有不同Cr含量的Ni-Mo复合镀层.利用扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射仪分别观察和分析复合镀层的组织形貌及结构.采用电化学测试和X射线光电子能谱研究复合镀层的析氢性能和耐蚀性能.结果表明:随着镀液中纳米Cr颗粒含量的增加,镀层晶粒得到细化,析氢过电位增大,复合镀层析氢性能得到提高;当镀液中纳米Cr颗粒含量为20 g/L时,复合镀层表面钝化膜中MoO₃含量较高,且可与Cr产生协同效应,因而复合镀层具有较好的耐蚀性能;但随着镀液中纳米Cr颗粒含量的进一步增加,复合镀层中沉积的Cr元素含量降低,复合镀层的析氢性能和耐蚀性能均降低.因此,当镀液中纳米Cr颗粒含量为20 g/L时,复合镀层具有较好的析氢性能和耐蚀性能.     

利用宽带回波的目标微动参数提取方法

高速目标平动补偿是弹道目标微动特征信息提取中一个较难解决的问题.利用弹道导弹宽带回波信号,提出了一种基于散射中心极化散射特性的非相干宽带回波对齐方法,通过极化相似性参数实现散射点中心对齐,并利用目标散射中心的高分辨一维距离像走动提取瞬时微动参数,对目标的尺寸和微动参数进行估计.仿真结果表明,该方法可以有效地在较低信噪比下实现包络对齐与微动参数提取,为后续工程化应用奠定了理论基础.     

氧化薄膜对锆-4合金表面性能的影响

为了研究氧化薄膜对Zr-4合金表面性能的影响,对样品分别进行了350℃和400℃各10 min,15 min,20 min和25 min氧化.结果发现,不同条件下氧化生成的样品表面呈现不同的颜色.小角掠射X射线衍射分析(GAXRD)表明,生成的氧化物为非化学计量的六方相氧化锆.样品在0.5 mol/L的H2SO4溶液中进行电化学试验发现,氧化后样品的耐电化学腐蚀性能有所提高.而用纳米压痕仪试验的结果表明,氧化后样品有较高的纳米硬度和较低的弹性模量,意味着氧化后样品可能有更好的耐磨性.400℃氧化样品对合金性能的提高优于350℃氧化样品.     

季辚盐对Al缓蚀作用的研究

用微分极化电阻和微分电容测量法研究3种季辚盐化合物在1mol·L-1MgCl2溶液中对Al的缓蚀作用及季辚盐分子结构对缓蚀效率的影响。结果表明,季辚盐化合物具有较好的缓蚀作用,链长的季辚盐比链短的缓蚀效率高。季辚盐在Al表面上吸附服从Langmuir吸附等温式,且为物理吸附。     

Corrosion-Electrochemical behavior of 13% chromium (Cr) martensitic stainless steel in hydrochloric acid (HCl) solutions

Corrosion-Electrochemical behavior of a commercial API5CT grade L80 type 13Cr tubing enriched with microalloying elements is studied in 6, 7.5, 9, 12 and 15% HCl solutions by electrochemical methods. The objective is to contribute to the comprehension of corrosion phenomena caused by HCl of similar concentrations, generally used in acidizing job. The corrosion morphology is examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with EDAX. The soluble corrosion products are analyzed by atomic absorption spectroscopy and colorimetric methods. General, as well as localized, corrosion is present. The severest general corrosion with a maximum rate of 26 mm/year is obtained at 15% HCl. The localized corrosion which morphologically differs as function of HCl concentrations is revealed by SEM investigation. In all the above HCl solutions, the commercial 13% Cr martensitic stainless steel tubing shows no passive state. Above 6% HCl, the microalloying elements promote forming a discontinuous film of the corrosion products. The corrosion rate slightly decreases in 15% HCl compared to the published data on a conventional 13% Cr martensitic stainless steel tubing. This is due to both the chemical composition (silicon, manganese and vanadium) and microstructural properties. Copper seems to additionally accelerate the corrosion of the alloy. Published in Russian in Zashchita Metallov, 2007, Vol. 43, No. 4, pp. 372–380. The article was translated by the authors in English.     

NaCl盐膜对CuCr合金高温腐蚀行为的影响

用金相、X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜/能谱（SEM/EDX）及热重分析法研究了NaCl盐膜对CuCr合金在700℃～900℃下的腐蚀行为的影响.结果表明：CuCr合金在NaCl盐膜下比在单独空气中发生更严重的腐蚀,其腐蚀产物疏松且易剥落,Cr相较Cu易腐蚀,且在腐蚀区以下的合金基体中有贫铬现象.讨论了在该环境下变形对CuCr合金腐蚀的影响及NaCl加速CuCr合金腐蚀作用的机制.     

非晶态Fe_(75)Cr_5P_(13)C_7合金粉末的耐蚀性研究

非晶合金性能的研究主要集中在磁性和机械性能方面,相比之下耐腐蚀等化学性能的研究较少。本文讨论的耐蚀非晶态Fe_(75)Cr_5P_(13)C_7合金粉末是采用工艺简单,成本低廉的内旋转溶液方法制的。在粉末中加入适量的粘结剂,压制成型,得到块体材料,研究其耐蚀性能。     

Evaluation of corrosion behavior of Al-Mg-Li alloys in seawater

Weldalite 050, a high-strength Al-Mg-Li alloy, was evaluated for its corrosion resistance in deaerated and air saturated Arabian Gulf water to determine its suitability for marine applications. Weight loss and electrochemical studies showed that the alloy had minimum corrosion rates of 1.82 and 4.82 mpy (mils per year), respectively, in deaerated and air saturated Arabian Gulf water with very high total dissolved solids (TDS) content. Weldalite 050 exhibited good resistance to corrosion at velocities up to 3.9 m/s. The formation of Al₂MgLi, Al-Li, Al₁₂Mg₁₇, and Al-Li precipitates has a pronounced effect on its corrosion resistance. The corrosion resistance of Weldalite 050 compares favorably with that of alloys 5052 and 5054, wrought alloys 6061 and 6013, and silicon carbide (SiC) reinforced alloys 6061 and 6013.     

快速凝固耐热铝合金耐蚀性能的研究

采用腐蚀失重法和极化曲线，对比研究了FVS0611，FVS0812，2618，2618 Sc，2014，6061合金在人工模拟海水和海洋环境中的耐蚀性能。结果表明：2014，2618和2618 Sc腐蚀较严重；RS／PM生产的FVS0611，FVS0812和6061有较小的腐蚀速率，出现明显的钝化现象；并因为加工残余应力导致出现钝化-腐蚀-再钝化现象。