试论依法信访的必要性及途径

当前 ,依法信访观念淡薄 ,信访的法律、法规不够健全和完善 ,信访执法无力的现象仍很突出 ,部分信访干部法律素质低下等因素直接影响着依法信访的进程。要实现依法信访就得进一步健全和完善信访法律法规 ,加大信访执法的力度 ,加强信访行政监督 ,大力提高公民和公务员的法律素质。     

中外英语教学"言语活动"的比较与研究

随着社会经济的发展,学习外国语言显得日益重要。由于英语语言所具有的国际性,根据教学大纲的要求,应使英语教学尽快地适应发展的趋势,深化中外英语教学的比较与研究。     

Crime Trends in Western Europe from 1990 to 2000

This paper analyses the evolution of police recorded crime rates for nine offences (intentional homicide, assault, rape, robbery, theft, vehicle theft, burglary, domestic burglary, and drug offences) over the period 1990–2000 in 16 Western European Countries. The analysis shows that there was an increase in drug and violent offences, while property offences reached a peak at the beginning of the 1990s and started decreasing afterwards. The evolution of property offences can be related to the emergence of a large black market for stolen goods in Central and Eastern Europe at the beginning of the time series, while by the end of it that market was saturated and there had also been a reinforcement of police measures in the frontiers and of security measures in Western European households. The increase in drug offences is correlated to the rise of drug use in Europe shown by other indicators, and can be related to an increased availability of drugs in European markets. Finally, the upward trend in violent offences can be explained partially by gang struggles over the control of illegal markets and by the consolidation of problematic neighbourhoods, but seems also due to a large extent of increase in the reporting of violent offences by their victims and the recording of such offences by the police. The analysis shows that opportunity-based theories provide a satisfactory explanation of the trends in recorded crime, and that the crime opportunities are heavily influenced by socio-economical factors.Versions of this paper were presented at the 3rd Annual Conference of the European Society of Criminology (Helsinki, August 27–30, 2003) and at the Societies of Criminology 1st Key Issues Conference (Paris, May 13–15, 2004). The paper was written during a stay at the Max Planck Institute for Foreign and International Criminal Law (Freiburg imBreisgau, Germany) made possible through the support of Swiss National Science Foundation     

对意义的追问与心理学研究——兼论“第二次认知革命”的原则和结果

现代西方心理学在经过了行为主义、认知主义的描写后,正在接受一种新的描述方式."第二次认知革命"有可能使心理学向心理学是有关个体或者群体中的积极人的研究这一传统的、常识性观念回归.认知革命明确了一个真理,心理学应该成为对意义的心理研究.然而,在方法论上传承了行为主义的认知心理学,片面地将"意义制造"理解为"信息加工",追求心灵——"自然之镜"——中的"心理表象".话语观念的导入,使得处在语用平台上心理学家认为,语境、社会-语言的约定以及社会交换的模式,是构成意义的唯一决定因素.在这三描述方式中,对意义的理解和建构发挥着关键的作用.话语在心理现象中占有中心地位.这使我们认为,心灵是个动态的观点,植根于历史、政治、文化、社会和人际的语境之中.     

新警务机制下的思想政治工作

在新警务体制改革过程中 ,公安机关必须改进和加强思想政治工作。建立新的领导机制 ,坚持传统教育与现代教育相结合 ,坚持形式与内容的辩证统一 ,坚持继承与创新相结合 ,坚持领导同志与一般民警的协调性 ,坚持思想教育与解决实际问题相统一 ,是改进和加强思想政治工作的途径     

和谐社会中法律价值的冲突与选择

法律价值冲突曾经对我国的和谐发展产生过一定的负面影响,例如,城乡发展不平衡与“公平”、“效率”间的价值冲突有关,地区发展不平衡与“自由”、“平等”间的价值冲突有关,经济社会发展不平衡与“人权”、“秩序”间的价值冲突有关。妥善协调法律价值冲突是构建和谐社会的第一步。法律价值冲突的原因是多方面的,既是由法律的本质特征决定的,又与我国现阶段的国情、建设法治的历史环境以及制度选择密切相关。妥善协调法律价值冲突,应遵循以人为本、相对位阶、化解冲突和多元适用原则。     

犯罪现场心理痕迹分析的途径

面对日益复杂化、暴力化、智能化的犯罪案件 ,办案人员在寻找犯罪嫌疑人时开辟了多种信息渠道 ,其中之一就是用心理分析的方法 ,从犯罪行为人在犯罪现场遗留的痕迹中寻找犯罪人作案时的心理痕迹 ,为进一步确定侦查范围和方向提供帮助。     

中国国家安全学：生成逻辑、体系创新与未来展望

国家安全学的设立既是呼应新时代发展课题的必然要求,也是国家安全总体战略布局中的重要一环。时代赋予国家安全学现实土壤,战略赋予学科建设内在动力,交叉是学科产生的关键内核,作为战略性新兴学科的国家安全学在时代与战略的共鸣下应运而生。国家安全学在总体思维和交叉思维的指导下,在学科体系建设上提高站位、科学错位;在学术体系建设上立足国情、注重内涵;在话语体系建设上言之有理、言之有道,不断探索国家安全学的体系创新,逐渐发展出一条中国国家安全学建设的独特路径。面向未来,需要牢牢把握总体国家安全观,以探索学科基础研究范式为主线,立足学科自身的交叉属性、战略属性和政治属性,推动国家安全学自主知识体系建设与学术共同体建设,促进学科进一步高质量发展。     

共同社会化与中国的国际秩序战略

国际秩序是由国家、国际组织等多种行为体构成的共同体,既包括确认秩序成员资格和调整成员互动的规范与规则,也包含反映秩序成员利益分配的地位或位置排序。共同社会化是崛起国与国际秩序成员共同调适,就秩序的规则与规范构成、利益分配份额以及崛起国在秩序中的地位与行为取得共识的过程。它具有调适过程的协商性、调适目标的共识性、调适结果的不确定性等特点。崛起国可从“改革+示善”两方面出发,实施共同社会化国际秩序战略。一方面,崛起国可主动改革国际秩序,加强治理能力,提升自身在国际秩序中的地位。另一方面,崛起国也需要以实际行动表明对改革秩序的善意,以获得外界的认可和支持。当今中国的国际秩序实践体现了共同社会化特点,既推动秩序改革,提升治理能力,提升中国在国际秩序中的影响力,又通过履行承诺展现改革的善意与效益。今后,中国可继续采用共同社会化的国际秩序战略,从有所作为地推进国际秩序改革、积极战略示善、理性处理对美关系、合理匹配成本与收益等方面出发,不断优化自身复兴的外部秩序环境。     

Insecure peace: understanding citizen and local government relations in a Maoist-affected region in India

This paper examines emerging citizen and local government relations in a village in the Junglemahal region of the state of West Bengal, once a major bastion of the Maoist insurgency in India. Since 2014, Junglemahal has not experienced a single Maoist-related incident. This has been widely attributed to the West Bengal government’s “model” handling of the insurgency, which rests on the rapid mobilization of public services through the non-elected arms of local governments, bypassing elected officials. How have Junglemahal’s residents experienced this particular form of post-conflict governance? Drawing on the culture-centered approach that ethnographically observes the processes of identifying development problems and developing community-grounded solutions to these problems, our findings indicate that the hyper-developmental state was paradoxically experienced by our respondents as a very distant entity. A recurrent theme in our interviews is the absence of a locally embedded party leadership that could be approached regarding issues of distributive justice. We argue that this desire for party mediation in public service delivery is an expression of a powerful social norm that has survived the conflict and ought to be integrated into post-conflict governance structures if the current peace is to endure.