氢吗啡酮自控镇痛在老年食管癌患者开胸术后中的应用

[目的]探讨氢吗啡酮自控镇痛在老年食管癌开胸术后的应用价值.[方法]择期接受开胸手术的82例老年食管癌患者,按随机数字表法分为两组,各41例,对照组给予常规自控静脉镇痛,观察组予以氢吗啡酮自控硬膜外镇痛,测定手术前后两组辅助性T细胞Th1、Th2的变化,记录两组手术前后皮质醇(Cor)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、铜-锌超氧化物歧化酶(Cu-Zn SOD)等应激指标的变化,采用视觉模拟评分法(VAS)、镇静评分法(Ramsay)评定术后4h、8h、12 h、24 h、48 h两组疼痛及镇静程度,比较两组不良反应发生率.[结果]①术后,两组Th1降低,Th2上升,与术前比较差异有显著性(P＜0.05),观察组Th1下降幅度,Th2上升幅度均低于对照组(P＜0.05);②与术前比较,术后两组Cor均上升,GSH-PX、Cu-Zn SOD均降低(P＜0.05),观察组各因子变化幅度均低于对照组(P＜0.05);③与术后4h比较,两组VAS评分均降低(P＜0.05),观察组各时段VAS评分均低于对照组(P＜0.05);④与术后4h比较,两组Ramsay评分均降低(P＜0.05),观察组术后4h、8 h Ramsay评分低于对照组(P＜0.05),其余各时段两组评分比较差异无显著性(P＞0.05);⑤观察组各不良反应发生率均低于对照组,仅呼吸抑制发生率差异有显著性(P＜0.05).[结论]氢吗啡酮自控硬膜外镇痛用于老年食管癌开胸术后镇痛,整体镇痛效果佳,患者疼痛程度轻,镇静效果好,应激因子变化小,对免疫调节影响小,安全性高.     

氢吗啡酮复合罗哌卡因膝关节腔内注射用于膝关节镜术后镇痛的观察*

目的观察氢吗啡酮复合罗哌卡因膝关节腔内注射用于膝关节镜手术患者的术后镇痛效果。方法 90例行膝关节镜手术患者,随机分为3组:膝关节腔内注射0.375%罗哌卡因20 ml(R组);氢吗啡酮0.3 mg+0.375%罗哌卡因20 ml(H1组);氢吗啡酮0.6 mg+0.375%罗哌卡因20 ml(H2组)。观察术后6、12、18和24 h患者静态视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分,术后镇痛持续时间、术后24 h使用帕瑞昔布的患者例数及次数。结果与R组相比,术后12和18 h,H1组和H2组VAS评分降低,术后镇痛持续时间明显延长,术后24 h使用帕瑞昔布的患者例数及次数明显减少(P0.05);H1组与H2组VAS评分、术后镇痛持续时间、使用帕瑞昔布的患者例数及次数差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论膝关节镜术后,关节腔内注入0.3 mg氢吗啡酮可明显增强罗哌卡因的镇痛效果,且增加氢吗啡酮剂量不再增强镇痛效果。     

预先使用氢吗啡酮对瑞芬太尼诱发患者术后痛觉过敏的效果

【摘要】 目的 观察预先使用氢吗啡酮对持续静脉输注瑞芬太尼后诱发痛觉过敏的影响。方法〓60名脊柱手术患者,32~65岁,ASA分级Ⅰ~Ⅱ级,被分为三组:对照组(C组),芬太尼组(F组),氢吗啡酮组(M组)。三组患者术中均持续静脉输注瑞芬太尼0.2 μg·kg-1·min-1、复合吸入地氟醚、间断静脉注射罗库溴铵维持麻醉。F组、M组分别于手术结束前10 min静脉注射芬太尼2 μg/kg、氢吗啡酮0.04 mg/kg,C组给予等容量的生理盐水。观察三组术后患者的躁动、疼痛评分、血糖的变化。结果〓与C组比较,F、M组患者拔管时躁动评分、拔管后各时间点疼痛评分、血糖水平显著性降低(P<0.05);与F组比较,M组术后各时间点疼痛评分、血糖水平显著性降低(P<0.05)。结论〓预先使用氢吗啡酮可以减轻瑞芬太尼诱发的痛觉过敏,其效果优于等效镇痛剂量的芬太尼。     

Gastrointestinal symptoms under opioid therapy: A prospective comparison of oral sustained‐release hydromorphone,transdermal fentanyl,and transdermal buprenorphine

Introduction: The purpose of this trial was to evaluate the effect of long‐term treatment with oral sustained‐release hydromorphone, transdermal fentanyl, and transdermal buprenorphine on nausea, emesis and constipation. Patients and methods: Randomly selected outpatients with cancer pain receiving one of the study medications were enrolled in a prospective, open‐labeled, controlled trial (n=174). Mobility, pain, and gastrointestinal symptoms were assessed directly and per selected item on the ECOG (Eastern Cancer Oncology Group), EORTC (European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer) questionnaires, NRS (Numerical Rating Scales), and analyzed statistically. Results: Demographic and medical data were comparable in all groups. Only 15% of patients suffered from constipation. 59% took the prescribed laxatives. The incidence of stool free periods >72h was significantly higher with transdermal opioids (transdermal fentanyl: 22%; transdermal buprenorphine: 21%; oral hydromorphone: 2%; p=0.003). 21% of patients revealed nausea and emesis. The mean NRS for nausea (transdermal fentanyl:1.3; transdermal buprenorphine: 1.2; oral hydromorphone: 1.5; p=0.6), the consumption of antiemetics (transdermal fentanyl: 42%; transdermal buprenorphine: 33%; oral hydromorphone: 36%; p=0.6) and laxatives (transdermal fentanyl:53%; transdermal buprenorphine:66%; oral hydromorphone: 61%; p=0.2) did not differ significantly, in contrast to the score for emesis (transdermal fentanyl: 16%; transdermal buprenorphine:13%; oral hydromorphone: 33%; p=0.02). Morphine equivalent opioid doses differed (mg/d transdermal fentanyl: 183; transdermal buprenorphine: 89; oral hydromorphone: 143; p=0.001), because of obvious tolerance varying after long‐term treatment. Conclusions: Gastrointestinal symptoms of cancer pain patients undergoing an opioid therapy are related to multifactorial causes. Transdermal opioids showed no benefit over oral controlled‐release hydromorphone with regard to gastrointestinal symptoms. The conversion ratios for transdermal fentanyl, transdermal buprenorphine, and oral hydromorphone did not accord to the literature, because of differing occurrences of opioid tolerance after long‐term therapy.     

Stability and Compatibility of Hydromorphone Hydrochloride in an Implantable Infusion System

With the exception of morphine, hydromorphone is the most commonly used intrathecal opioid for the treatment of intractable pain. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the stability and compatibility of hydromorphone in the implantable infusion system that is most commonly used in these patients. Hydromorphone solution was incubated at 37°C in infusion system reservoirs and with individual materials which comprise the fluid pathway of the infusion system. Stability was analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography; mechanical integrity of device materials was evaluated after drug exposure. After 4 months of exposure to device materials or intact devices, hydromorphone concentration remained greater than 95% of starting material. All device materials retained acceptable mechanical performance. These results demonstrate that hydromorphone is stable at physiological temperatures for at least 4 months in an implantable infusion system and that current clinical practice of refilling the pump every 3 months is appropriate.     

Neuraxial opioids for post-cesarean delivery analgesia: can hydromorphone replace morphine? A retrospective study

BackgroundCesarean delivery is the most common surgical procedure performed in the USA. We evaluated the postoperative analgesic properties of neuraxial hydromorphone compared to neuraxial morphine for post-cesarean delivery analgesia.MethodsA retrospective chart review was performed of women who underwent cesarean delivery and received neuraxial anesthesia from March to November 2011 and from March to November 2012. A total of 450 patients received intrathecal morphine 200 μg and 387 patients received intrathecal hydromorphone 60 μg. Eighty-one patients received epidural morphine 3 mg and 102 patients received epidural hydromorphone 0.6 mg.ResultsMedian time to first opioid after intrathecal morphine was 17.0 h versus 14.6 h after intrathecal hydromorphone (P <0.0001). Patients who received intrathecal hydromorphone consumed more opioids in the first 24 h; 37.0 mg versus 26.4 mg oral morphine equivalents (P <0.001). The side effect profile between the intrathecal groups was similar. Median time to first opioid with epidural morphine was 20.1 h versus 13.0 h with epidural hydromorphone (P=0.0007). Total opioid consumption was not significantly different between the epidural groups. The side effect profiles were similar.ConclusionsHydromorphone is a reasonable alternative to morphine for post-cesarean delivery analgesia. With the dosing used in our study, analgesia from morphine lasted longer than hydromorphone via intrathecal and epidural routes; however, neuraxial hydromorphone remains a reasonable option for long-acting analgesia post cesarean delivery.     

鞘内注射氢吗啡酮对罗哌卡因用于剖宫产半数有效量及麻醉效果的影响

目的观察鞘内注射氢吗啡酮复合罗哌卡因用于剖宫产的麻醉效果,探讨氢吗啡酮对罗哌卡因半数有效量(ED_(50))的影响。方法选择ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级于腰-硬联合麻醉下行剖宫产手术的患者44例,按随机数字表法分为氢吗啡酮复合罗哌卡因组(RH组)及单纯罗哌卡因组(R组),每组22例。采用序贯试验法:首例患者RH组鞘内注射氢吗啡酮75μg及0.5%罗哌卡因15 mg重比重混合液3 mL,R组鞘内注射0.5%罗哌卡因15 mg重比重混合液3 mL,根据前一例患者麻醉效果有效或无效,降低或提高后一例患者鞘内给药1个剂量梯度,剂量梯度设定为1:1.1。序贯法计算两组罗哌卡因用于剖宫产腰麻的ED_(50)。结果 RH组罗哌卡因ED_(50)为9.06 mg,其95%CI为8.74~9.38 mg;R组罗哌卡因ED_(50)为11.27 mg,其95%CI为10.93~11.62 mg。两组罗哌卡因ED_(50)比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。给药4、8、15 min后,R组MAP明显降低,且低于RH组(P<0.01),但均处于正常范围内。结论氢吗啡酮75μg复合罗哌卡因用于剖宫产腰麻时,可降低罗哌卡因的ED_(50),且术中生命体征更稳定,并可缩短局麻药起效时间,延长其作用时间。     

三种药物对复杂性肛瘘术后镇痛效果的临床观察

目的比较三种药物应用于复杂性肛瘘术患者的镇痛效果及不良反应。方法复杂性肛瘘患者90例,ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级,年龄15～65岁,体质量42～85 kg。随机分为三组：S组：舒芬太尼（100μg）＋左布比卡因（200 mg）;O组：羟考酮（20 mg）＋左布比卡因（200 mg）;M组：氢吗啡酮（2 mg）＋左布比卡因（200 mg）。术后行患者自控的硬膜外镇痛（PCEA）。术后12 h（T1）、24 h（T2）、48 h（T3）对患者进行疼痛视觉模拟评分（VAS）;并询问患者对术后镇痛的满意度;询问并记录相关不良反应如：恶心、呕吐、皮疹瘙痒、体位性头晕、头晕、情绪改变、失眠或嗜睡、尿潴留、口干及其他不良反应。结果在T1及T2时点,与S、O组比较,M组的术后镇痛有效性明显提高（P〈0.05）;T3时点,三组镇痛有效性比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。三组间各种不良反应比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。与S、O组比较,M组的满意程度最高,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;与S组比较,O组的满意程度较高,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;三组不满意程度比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;而可接受程度三组之间比较O组最高,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论氢吗啡酮联合左布比卡因适用于肛瘘患者的PCEA,镇痛效果优于舒芬和羟考酮,且不良反应比较差异无统计学意义。     

氢吗啡酮单次给药用于剖宫产术后硬膜外镇痛的临床观察

目的：观察氢吗啡酮单次给药用于剖宫产术后急性疼痛的硬膜外镇痛效果。方法选择120例接受剖宫产术要求术后镇痛的产妇,随机分为氢吗啡酮组和吗啡组,各组60例。分别应用氢吗啡酮和吗啡进行术后硬膜外镇痛,比较两组镇痛效果和不良反应。结果氢吗啡酮组术后4 h、6 h、8 h、12 h 疼痛评分与吗啡组疼痛评分无显著差异（P ﹥0.05）;不良反应方面差异显著（P ﹤0.01）,吗啡组出现明显的恶心、呕吐、瘙痒以及认知功能障碍。结论氢吗啡酮用于剖宫产术后急性疼痛的硬膜外镇痛效果确切,不良反应少,安全性高。