导航系统辅助下颈椎椎弓根螺钉置钉准确性的实验研究

目的：评价导航系统辅助下颈椎（C3～C7）椎弓根螺钉内固定置钉的准确性.方法：将32具成人尸体颈椎标本随机分为4组,分别采用盲法、透视法、透视导航法和CT导航法进行下颈椎椎弓根螺钉置入.术后采用标本大体解剖观察的方法评价置钉准确性.分优（螺钉完全在椎弓根内）、可（仅有螺纹穿出,对周围组织无损伤）和差（螺钉明显穿出）进行统计.结果：共置入螺钉318枚.盲法80枚,平均手术时间27min,优29枚（36 3%）、可21枚（26.3%）、差30枚（37.5%）;透视法78枚（有1例C4、C5右侧椎弓根均细小,不能容纳3.5mm螺钉）,平均手术时间112min,优35枚（44.9%）、可29枚（37.2%）、差14枚（17.9%）;透视导航法80枚,平均手术时间69min,优34枚（42.5%）,可36枚（45%）,差10枚（12.5%）;CT导航法80枚,平均手术时间98min,优70枚（87.5%）、可10枚（12.5%）.各组间手术时间均有显著性差异（P＜0.05）,透视法与透视导航法的置钉准确率间无显著性差异,其余各组间均有显著性差异（P＜0.05）.结论：单纯根据术前影像结果盲法行下颈椎椎弓根螺钉内固定不安全.透视法和透视导航法可提高置钉准确性,但手术风险仍较大,透视导航法比透视法置钉的手术时间缩短.CT导航法并未比透视法增加手术时间,但置钉准确性显著提高.     

颈椎旋转、半失稳在椎动脉型、交感型、神经根型颈椎病间的相关研究

目的:探讨椎动脉型颈椎病、交感型颈椎病、神经根型颈椎病之间颈椎旋转、半失稳的关系。方法:本组112例,其中椎动脉型38型、交感型36例、神经根型38例,应用图像存档和传输系统(picture archiving and communication systems,PACS)在X线正位片上测量患者每个颈椎椎体的旋转度和在侧位片上测量椎体半失稳的位移距离。结果:在C6旋转度上,椎动脉型颈椎病和交感型颈椎病均与神经根型颈椎病有统计学差异(P<0·01),椎动脉型颈椎病和交感型颈椎病间的C2旋转度有统计学差异(P<0·05),椎动脉型颈椎病和神经根型颈椎病间的C4旋转度有统计学差异(P<0·05)。在椎体半失稳的位移距离和椎体半失稳率上,椎动脉型颈椎病和交感型颈椎病均与神经根型颈椎病有统计学差异(P<0·01)。结论:在椎动脉型颈椎病和交感型颈椎病中椎体半失稳和颈椎旋转是它们发病的一个重要因素,而在神经根型颈椎病中不是发病的重要因素。     

宫颈环形电切术对阴道镜活检诊断为宫颈上皮内瘤变的再评估

目的通过宫颈环形电切术(LEEP)对阴道镜活检诊断为宫颈上皮内瘤变(C IN)的准确性和全面性进行评估。方法对118例阴道镜活检诊断为C IN的患者行LEEP,对比术前术后的病理结果。结果32例阴道镜活检病理为C INⅠ级病例中有11例与LEEP术病理相符,6例LEEP术后病理级别上升,15例LEEP术后病理级别下降;26例阴道镜活检病理C INⅡ级病例中有17例LEEP术后病理示相符,5例LEEP术后病理级别上升,4例LEEP术后病理级别下降;60例阴道镜活检病理为C INⅢ级病例中有44例LEEP术后病理示相符,11例LEEP术后病理级别上升,5例术后病理级别下降。结论LEEP术是明确诊断和治疗C IN的有效而理想的方法,阴道镜活检有一定局限性。     

椎动脉型颈椎病的影像学诊断

本文描述了椎动脉型颈椎病的概念及发病机制 ,并对该病的各种影像学检查的主要表现及优缺点进行了综述。     

Long-term results of surgical treatment of dysphagia secondary to cervical diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis

Background contextLarge, prominent osteophytes along the anterior aspect of the cervical spine have been reported as a cause of dysphagia. Improvement of swallowing after surgical resection has been reported in a few case reports with short-term follow-up. The current report describes outcomes of a series of five patients with surgical treatment for this rare disorder, with a long-term follow-up.PurposeTo study the clinical and radiographic outcomes of a case series of patients surgically treated for dysphagia secondary to cervical diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH).Study designRetrospective review of a case series.Patient sampleFive cases from a University Hospital.Outcome measuresClinical and imagenological follow-up.MethodsThe records of five patients with dysphagia who had undergone anterior surgical resection of prominent osteophytes secondary to DISH were reviewed. Extrinsic esophageal compression secondary to anterior cervical osteophytes was radiographically confirmed via preoperative barium esophagogram swallowing study. All patients underwent anterior cervical osteophytes resection without fusion. Postoperatively, patients were followed-up clinically and radiographically with routine lateral cervical radiographs.ResultsPreoperative esophagogram showed that the esophageal obstruction was present at one level in three cases and two levels in two cases. The C3–C4 level was involved in three cases, C4–C5 in three cases, and C5–C6 in one case. There were no postoperative complications, including recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy, wound infection, or hematomas. All patients had resolution of dyphagia soon after surgery (within 2 weeks). Postoperative radiographs demonstrated complete removal of osteophytes. At final follow-up, ranging from 1 to 9 years (average 59.8 months, median 53 months), no patients reported recurrence of dysphagia. Final radiographic examination demonstrated minimal regrowth of the osteophytes.ConclusionsAlthough rarely indicated, surgical resection of anterior cervical osteophytes from DISH causing dyphagia produces good clinical and radiographical outcomes. After thorough evaluation to rule out other intrinsic or extrinsic causes of swallowing difficulty, surgical treatment of this uncommon condition might be considered.     

CD44v7/8基因表达与宫颈癌关系的探讨

目的探讨宫颈癌组织中CD44v7/8基因的异常表达及临床意义。方法1986～2000年沈阳医学院附属中心医院采用免疫组化的方法随机测定59例宫颈癌、18例尖锐湿疣和18例慢性宫颈炎组织中CD44v7/8基因的表达情况。结果宫颈癌、尖锐湿疣及慢性宫颈炎3种疾病中CD44v7/8表达阳性率分别为76.27%、11.11%和11.11%,宫颈癌组的CD44v7/8表达分别高于慢性宫颈炎组及尖锐湿疣组,且差异非常显著(P<0.01)。慢性宫颈炎组及尖锐湿疣组比较差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论CD44v7/8蛋白的表达增强与宫颈癌的发生、发展及和局部浸润转移有关。     

颈椎病与中医辨证关系的探讨(附100例分析)

目的:探讨颈椎病与中医分型的辨证关系。方法:对100例该病的影像表现与中医分型进行系统分析。结果:主要临床表现颈部活动受限,颈、肩、背部疼痛,常伴头痛、头晕、视物模糊、耳鸣等症状。风寒型以软组织所致颈曲改变为主。肝肾亏虚型、痰湿交阻型以骨质增生、椎间隙及椎间孔狭窄为主。结论:X线、CT是本病首选检查方法,能与中医辨证有机结合,对中西医治疗有重要意义。     

Spinal canal narrowing during simulated frontal impact

Between 23 and 70% of occupants involved in frontal impacts sustain cervical spine injuries, many with neurological involvement. It has been hypothesized that cervical spinal cord compression and injury may explain the variable neurological profile described by frontal impact victims. The goals of the present study, using a biofidelic whole cervical spine model with muscle force replication, were to quantify canal pinch diameter (CPD) narrowing during frontal impact and to evaluate the potential for cord compression. The biofidelic model and a sled apparatus were used to simulate frontal impacts at 4, 6, 8, and 10 g horizontal accelerations of the T1 vertebra. The CPD was measured in the intact specimen in the neutral posture (neutral posture CPD), under static sagittal pure moments of 1.5 Nm (pre-impact CPD), during dynamic frontal impact (dynamic impact CPD), and again under static pure moments following each impact (post-impact CPD). Frontal impact caused significant (P<0.05) dynamic CPD narrowing at C0-dens, C2-C3, and C6-C7. The narrowest dynamic CPD was observed at C0-dens during the 10 g impact and was 25.9% narrower than the corresponding neutral posture CPD. Interpretation of the present results indicate that the neurological symptomatology reported by frontal impact victims is most likely not due to cervical spinal cord compression. Cord compression due to residual spinal instability is also not likely.     

PLDD治疗拒绝开放手术的脊髓型颈椎病患者的疗效观察与思考

目的：探讨经皮激光椎间盘减压术（PLDD）治疗拒绝开放手术的脊髓型颈椎病患者的疗效。方法：2002年～2006年应用PLDD治疗16例拒绝开放手术的脊髓型颈椎病患者，手术前后采用日本骨科学会（JOA）17分法进行评价．计算改善率及优良率，随访观察治疗效果。结果：手术时间平均为15min，术中无明显出血，无血管、神经损伤及感染等并发症发生。术后1、3、6、12个月时JOA评分改善率分别为28．54％、34．82％、41．09％和47．57％．优良率分别为31．3％、37．5％、37．5％和56．0％。随访24个月者11例，改善率为46．56％，优良率为54．4％。结论：PLDD治疗脊髓型颈椎病患者有一定疗效，对拒绝开放手术的脊髓型颈椎病患者是一种可供选择的微创治疗手段。     

歼击机飞行员颈椎X线分析

目的探讨我国歼击机飞行员受过载作用对颈椎及周围软组织的影响及其有效预防措施.方法对155名歼击机飞行员和127名地方人员颈椎异常发生率和各类颈椎X线表现进行对比分析.结果歼击机飞行员颈椎异常发生率与地方人员有非常显著差异,各类X线表现：椎体不稳、骨质增生、椎间隙变窄有非常显著差异,项韧带钙化、生理曲度异常有显著差异.结论持续性过载作用可致颈椎退变加剧.