模拟酸性海洋大气环境中锌缓蚀剂的研究

目的 针对锌在海洋大气环境中的腐蚀状况,筛选有效的缓蚀复配体系,进一步研究多聚磷酸钠和硫脲的缓蚀剂复配体系在模拟酸性海洋大气环境中对锌的腐蚀影响,探讨复配体系对锌的缓蚀机理。方法 利用失重法评价复配体系在不同温度、不同浓度下的缓蚀性能,并利用强极化曲线法、电化学阻抗法和X射线光电子能谱法(XPS)探讨其缓蚀机理。结果 在40 ℃时,pH=4、0.3 mol/L的NaCl 溶液中,质量比1∶4的多聚磷酸钠和硫脲复配缓蚀剂能够有效抑制锌和热镀锌的腐蚀,缓蚀率分别达到92.19%和91.39%。该复配缓蚀剂对锌在气相环境中的腐蚀同样具有良好的抑制作用。电化学测试结果表明,在25、40、60 ℃时,缓蚀率随浓度的升高而增加;在80 ℃时,缓蚀率随浓度的增大而减弱。通过表面成分分析发现,添加复配缓蚀剂后,在锌表面出现了N、S、P三种新元素。结论 多聚磷酸钠和硫脲的复配体系是混合抑制型缓蚀剂。复配缓蚀剂中的多聚磷酸钠能够在锌表面形成保护性薄膜。硫脲属于小分子有机物,容易吸附在锌的表面,所以它能填充膜的间隙,并与锌紧密地结合在一起。多聚磷酸钠和硫脲共同作用可以使锌表面形成更致密、更稳定的膜,从而增强对锌的保护作用。     

An evaluation of antioxidants for vegetable oils at elevated temperatures

The antioxidant efficacy of various oxidation inhibitors in low erucic acid rapeseed oil has been studied in a screening test at 130°C by an induction period method. Hindered monophenols, sulphides, phosphites, aromatic amines and zinc dithiophosphates yielded no or only marginal stabilising effects. Remarkably increased oxidation stabilities were observed with certain hindered bisphenols, polyhydroxybenzenes, zinc and bismuth dithiocarbamates. In high oleic sunflower oil with a lesser portion of multiple unsaturation, these additives induced relatively longer induction periods. Mixtures of zinc dithiocarbamates and 4,4′-methylenebis-(2, 6-di-tert-butylphenol) or octylated di-phenylamine, as well as compositions of all three compounds, exhibited synergistic effects. Under the conditions employed these additives were distinctly superior to commercially recommended formulations. A mechanistic concept of the antioxidant action of zinc dithiocarbamate is briefly discussed.     

6-DAS/DMIC对Q235钢在甲醇甲酸介质中的缓蚀协同作用

目的 研究6-脱氢枞酰胺基己酸钠和1-十二烷基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐作为复配缓蚀剂对Q235钢在甲醇甲酸腐蚀溶液的协同缓蚀作用。方法 通过静态失重法、电化学极化测试和电化学阻抗法,结合SEM、EDX、AFM等一系列表面表征技术验证了复配缓蚀剂的性能与行为,同时利用软件模拟计算缓蚀剂分子的轨道排布与分子动力学,揭示分子结构与缓蚀性能间的联系。结果 该复配缓蚀剂能够抑制Q235钢在甲醇甲酸介质中的腐蚀过程,降低腐蚀速率。缓蚀效率随复配比的提高而增大。在复配比为6-DAS∶DMIC=1∶8时,失重法测得缓蚀效率最高达到93.98%;通过电化学法获得的缓蚀效率最高达到92.32%,并且通过电位的移动证明其为控制阳极过程的混合型缓蚀剂。表征技术表明,该复配缓蚀剂能有效吸附并在钢表面形成一层缓蚀分子膜层,其可以隔绝腐蚀介质与金属的接触,保护基底金属免受介质的腐蚀。结论 该复配缓蚀剂能够有效降低腐蚀介质对Q235钢的侵蚀作用,实验数据与表征技术相互吻合,证明了该复配缓蚀剂是一种优良的有机缓蚀剂。研究结果为后续开发更高效的绿色缓蚀剂提供了思路和方法。     

Soluble molybdenum compound and sulphur ep additive combinations: Synergistic and adverse effects on antifriction and antiwear characteristics

Antifriction and antiwear performance of three soluble molybdenum (Mo) compounds (Mo dithiophosphate, Mo dithiocarbamate and Mo amine complex) and four sulphur-containing EP additives (sulphurised isobutylene, dibenzyl disulphide, sulphurised fat and synthesised ethylene sulphur derivative) have been studied, alone and in combination, using an SRV test rig. The additive behaviour in combination has been found to be selective, and dependent on the chemistry and ratio of the additive components. Certain sulphur EP additives in combination with Mo compounds have exhibited a synergistic effect. The antifriction performance of additives, in general, has been found to be further enhanced at higher test temperatures. However, a reduction in antiwear property has been noticed.     

Metal-organic framework stabilizes Cu7S4-wrapped Cu2O heterostructure for photothermal-promoted methanol/water reforming into hydrogen

To realize highly efficient in situ release of hydrogen energy from methanol reforming at lower operation temperature, the introduction of solar energy can effectively activate the methanol and significantly reduce activation energy of reaction. Herein, the hierarchical integration of photoactive Cu₂O/Cu₇S₄ core-shell nanospheres stabilized by MIL-101(Cr) support for H₂ evolution from photothermal-driven aqueous phase reforming of methanol afforded nearly sixfold enhanced performance compared with thermocatalytic process. Impressively, the photothermal effect conferred the Cu₂O/Cu₇S₄@MIL-101(Cr) with unprecedented activity at low temperature subside to 100°C and accelerated the activation of water and methanol with distinctly decreased activation energy from 103.9 to 66.6 kJ·mol⁻¹. Meanwhile, the enhanced catalyst stability and facilitated charge separation between Cu₂O/Cu₇S₄ and MIL-101(Cr) also contribute to the extraordinary photothermal-enhanced H₂ evolution with an overall turnover number of up to 14,266 in 60 h (apparent quantum efficiency of 25.08% at 365 nm), almost 10,000 times higher than that of Cu₂O/Cu₇S₄.