Highly active lanthanum doped nickel anode for solid oxide fuel cells directly fuelled with methane

Lanthanum doped nickel and YSZ composite anode (LaNi–YSZ) exhibited a greatly reduced polarization resistance and high performance for electrochemical oxidation of hydrogen and methane, which resulted from a fine anode structure with a high dispersion of nickel catalyst and a high catalytic activity towards methane.     

一种奇特型阴极的分析研究与改进

本文主要叙述对Jc-300磁控管奇特型阴极的分析研究、改进过程及其投入生产使用的效果     

埋地管道不开挖地面腐蚀检测技术在胜利油田纯梁采油厂的应用

综合利用管道探测、防腐保温层破损点定位、防腐保温层性能检测评价、管道阳极倾向点识别和管壁剩余厚度检测评价等技术对胜利油田纯梁采油厂的纯梁首站—史南站19.92km输油管道进行了不开挖腐蚀检测。通过检测评价,对被检管道的走向与埋深进行了精确定位,并确定了需更换、维修及重点监控与维护的具体部位,为被检管道的更换、维修及维护提供了科学依据,对保障管道安全运行具有重要意义。     

胜利油田污水储罐腐蚀防护方法评价

对胜利油田纯粱采油厂A3钢制生产污水（水温约60℃）储罐使用寿命过低的原因进行了实验考察。水质分析数据表明氯离子浓度高（45-48gm）是污水腐蚀性强的主要因素。A3钢在60℃污水中的腐蚀速率，由极化曲线数据计算的值大大高于失重法测定值，敞开系统中失重法测定值又高于密闭系统中测定值，挂片上出现蚀孔，说明储罐中A3钢发生了氧存在下氟离子引起的局部腐蚀（孔蚀）。元素分析结果表明．储罐阴极保护所用的牺牲阳极铝材含铁等元素量超标。牺牲阳极密封不良，在实验污水中7天后电流效率仅为2．92％，失去阴极保护能力。处于实验污水环境中的有涂层保护的A3钢．14天后出现腐蚀极化电流，表明涂层已失去完整性。要提高该采油厂及胜利油田其他采油厂污水储罐的使用寿命，必须改用合格的牺牲阳极和保护涂层材料。图3表2参7。     

钛基Ru-La-Ti涂层阳极的电催化性能

利用热分解法制备了不同La含量的钛基Ru-La-Ti涂层阳极，并研究了所制备涂层的电催化性能。结果表明，在Ru-Ti涂层阳极中掺杂稀土元素La可以提高涂层阳极的电催化活性，且La的掺杂量存在一个最佳范围(La的摩尔分数O．2)。涂层阳极电催化活性提高的原因在于La的引入可以提高涂层的有效活性表面积。     

中高压铝电解电容器阳极箔研究进展

从铝箔杂质和腐蚀液添加剂两个方面概述了国内外在提高中高压铝电解电容器比电容方面的研究进展,其中包括镁、铁、硅、铅等杂质及缓蚀剂和表面活性剂的研究。并介绍了铝电解电容器的几种腐蚀机理,如氯离子的作用机理、腐蚀过程中电流与电位的关系、空位模型。最后预测了铝电解电容器新工艺的可能开发方向。     

Anodic oxidation of mecoprop herbicide at lead dioxide

The electrochemical oxidation of an aqueous solution containing mecoprop (2-(2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxy)propionic acid) has been studied at PbO₂ anodes by cyclic voltammetry and bulk electrolysis. The influence of current density, hydrodynamic conditions, temperature and pH on the degradation rate and current efficiency is reported. The results obtained show that the use of PbO₂ leads to total mineralization of mecoprop due to the production of oxidant hydroxyl radical electrogenerated from water discharge. The current efficiency for the electro-oxidation of mecoprop is enhanced by low current density, high recycle flow-rates and high temperature. In contrast, the pH effect was not significant. It has also been observed that mecoprop decay kinetics follows a pseudo-first-order reaction and the rate constant increases with rising current density.     

Mechanistic investigation into the electrolytic formation of iron from iron(III) oxide in molten sodium hydroxide

Iron(III) oxide tablets were electrolytically reduced to iron in molten sodium hydroxide at 530 °C and recovered to produce iron with 2 wt.% oxygen suitable for re-melting. The cell was operated at 1.7 V and an inert nickel anode was used. The thermodynamics and mechanism of the process was also investigated. By controlling the activity of sodium oxide in the melt, the cell could be operated below the decomposition voltage of the electrolyte with the net sequence of events being the ionization of oxygen, its subsequent transport to the anode and discharge leaving behind iron at the cathode. A reduction time of 1 h was achieved for a 1 g oxide tablet (close to the theoretical reduction time predicted by Faraday’s laws) at a current density of 520 mA cm⁻² with iron phase yields of ∼90 wt.%. The energy consumption was 2.8 kWh kg⁻¹.     

一种二维梯度电极模型的表面热应力缓和设计

针对一种侧面和一端的成分呈梯度变化的圆柱体电极模型进行了热应力缓和优化设计。模型材料成分是金属Cu和NiFe2O4尖晶石陶瓷。采用混合律定律确定材料组分．性质关系，利用ansys有限元分析软件计算了从300K(零应力状态)升温到1300K时模型表面的热应力，分析了层数n、成分指数p以及锥角θ对模型表面热应力分布的影响。结果表明：层数n主要影响应力曲线的光滑程度，层数增加，曲线变得平滑；成分指数p是热应力缓和设计的关键，指数越小，应力越小；锥角θ的增加也可缓和热应力，但作用不如成分指数。     

管道内壁阴极保护技术

阴极保护技术已广泛应用于管道的外防腐,而在管道的内防腐中还存在只适用于大口径管道、保护距离短、阳极与管道内壁绝缘难、安装复杂等问题。为此,江汉油田设计院开展了管道内壁阴极保护技术研究工作。试验证明,管道内壁采用强制电流和牺牲阳极阴极保护完全可行,用在柔性阳极或带状锌合金、铝合金牺牲阳极上外套打孔塑料管或塑料网的安装方式成功地解决了管道内壁阴极保护存在的上述问题,具有适用范围广、施工工艺简单、经济方便等优点。文章着重介绍了塑料套管或塑料网阳极安装方式及其模拟试验、现场试验的条件和结果。