Reactive rock phosphate fertilizers and soil testing for phosphorus: The effect of particle size of the rock phosphate

North Carolina rock phosphate (NCRP) (highly carbonate—substituted apatite) was ground to produce three samples with different particle size distributions. The effectiveness of these fertilizers was compared with the effectiveness of superphosphate in a field experiment and three glasshouse experiments using lateritic soils from south-western Australia. Non-reactive Queensland rock phosphate (low carbonate-substituted apatite from the Duchess deposit) was also used in the pot experiments. Bicarbonate-soluble phosphorus extracted from the soil is widely used in Western Australia to predict plant yields from previously-applied fertilizer dressings. For both field and pot experiments bicarbonate-extractable phosphorus (soil test value) was measured and related to subsequent plant yields.As calculated from the initial slope of the relationship between yield and the level of P applied, finely powdered NCRP was about 5–32% as effective as freshly-applied superphosphate in the year of application and also for two years after application in the field experiment, and for two successive crops in the three pot experiments. For both field and pot experiments, finely powdered NCRP, was at best, 1.5–2.0 times as effective as granular NCRP. Relative to freshly-applied superphosphate, the effectiveness of rock phosphates usually decreased with increasing level of application.For each of the crops in the field experiment, the relationships between yield and phosphorus content of plants (i.e. internal efficiency curves) were similar for all fertilizers. Thus the low effectiveness of the rock phosphates relative to superphosphate was solely due to much less phosphorus being taken up by plants. By contrast, in the pot experiments internal efficiency curves differed for different fertilizers. This is attributed to differences in the rate of phosphorus uptake by plant roots during the early stages of plant growth.For both field and pot experiments, soil test calibrations (the relationship between yield and soil test value) differed for rock phosphates and superphosphate. For superphosphate, soil test calibrations also differed for the three different years after the initial application of this fertilizer in the field experiment. For the second crop in the pot experiment, soil test calibrations differed for superphosphate applied at different times (before the first and the second crop). These results point out the difficulty of applying soil testing procedures to soils that have experienced different histories of fertilizer application.     

Experimental design in soap manufacturing for optimization of fuzzified process capability index

In manufacturing industries, the quality of a product depends on the combined effect of multiple input variables working singly or together and therefore attention has been given on process capability indices to shift from single to multivariate domain. In case of multivariable domain the capability to incorporate uncertainties at the time of decision making becomes necessary. Fuzzy system is introduced to take care of this requirement. In this article the process parameters of soap manufacturing industries have been analyzed. The process capability is determined using Fuzzy Inference System rule editor based on a set of justified if then statements as applicable for the process. The data has been collected in linguistic form to derive its process capability, using a set of justified rules and the effect of each factor has been determined using Design of Experiments (DoE) and analysis of variance technique (ANOVA) for improving the soap quality from perspective of its softness. This article ventures to propose a new methodology by integrating Fuzzy with DoE providing better result followed by DoE and Fuzzy Inference system in isolation.     

皮革涂料用丙烯酸酯核-壳乳液的研制

采用种子乳液聚合法，以交联型软性聚合物为核，交联型硬性高聚物为壳，合成了具有优异耐寒性及高温抗回粘性聚合物。讨论了乳化剂种类及应用、核／壳比等对聚合物性能的影响。     

对接型销双向斜抽芯注塑模设计

给出了灯罩注塑模实用结构。该模具型芯由主型芯和副型芯组成，采用将副型芯推出方法实现塑件内侧壁凹槽抽芯，在塑件倾斜通孔处采用对接型销双向分型斜抽芯。既满足制品的成型和抽芯要求，又省去了斜抽芯和水平抽芯机构，模具结构紧凑，脱型可靠，成型塑件质量好。     

油田采出水的精细过滤技术

低渗透油层渗透率〈0．1μm^2，孔喉半径小，容易被堵塞，对注入水质要求高，目前缺乏对含有原油、化学添加剂、粉质颗粒和无机盐的油田采出水适应性强的精细过滤设备。本文介绍了油田采出水回注精细过滤材料试验和采用旋流配水、脉冲水流反洗技术的改性聚四氟乙烯滤芯过滤装置的小试和中试研究情况，研究开发的改性聚四氟乙烯精细过滤装置，当进水含油量〈20mg／L、悬浮物含量〈20mg／L时，出水达到了（《碎屑岩油藏注水水质推荐指标》（SY5329-94）规定的A1级注水水质标准。     

(Ag)_核·(Au)_壳复合纳米粒子的制备

以银原子团簇作晶种,采用微波高压液相合成法制备了分散性好、规则球形的(Ag)核·(Au)壳复合纳米粒子。研究了(Ag)核·(Au)壳复合纳米粒子的紫外可见吸收光谱和共振散射光谱特性。结果表明,液相(Ag)核·(Au)壳复合纳米粒子和高压微波合成的液相金纳米粒子的最强共振散射峰均在580nm处,它们的吸收光谱图相似,最大吸收分别在518.5nm和524.8nm。     

油水分离剂在低驱油剂含量三元复合驱采出液处理中的应用

通过室内和现场试验评价了针对聚合物驱采出液研制的油水分离剂SP1003处理大庆油田杏二中试验区低驱油剂含量(NaOH388mg/L,重烷基苯磺酸盐表面活性剂25mg/L,部分水解聚丙烯酰胺108mg/L)三元复合驱采出液的可行性。现场试验过程中在SP1003加药量为30mg/L的情况下,游离水脱除器放水和水处理设施进水含油量分别由试验前的平均40030mg/L和1547mg/L降低到858mg/L和197mg/L,降低幅度分别为97.9%和87.3%。试验过程中还发现杏二中试验站游离水脱除器前的离心脱水泵造成采出液严重二次乳化,二次乳化后的采出液在脱水泵至游离水脱除器间管道内的停留时间过短使得采出液中的油珠聚并不充分,以及采出液处理设施运行不平稳都对杏二中试验区三元复合驱采出液和采出水处理有非常严重的不良影响。     

Swelling kinetics of a hydrogel of poly(ethylene glycol) and poly(acrylamide‐co‐styrene)

A hydrogel incorporating the hydrophilic polymer poly(ethylene glycol) and a copolymer of acrylamide and styrene was synthesized, and the dynamics of the water‐sorption process were studied. The effects of the composition of the hydrogel and the temperature of the swelling medium were investigated with respect to the water‐sorption characteristics of the hydrogel, and the kinetic parameters, including the swelling exponent and diffusion constant, were evaluated. The hydrogel was also judged for the antithrombogenic property of its surface. The experimental findings were explained on the basis of the core–shell polymeric structure of the hydrogel. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 85: 1419–1428, 2002     

基于AMBA总线的IIC协议IP核设计与验证

介绍了一种基于AMBA总线verilogHDL实现的IIC主机模式的IP核设计。该模块能够在标准和快速模式下运行,能够灵活配置为十位地址寻址或七位地址寻址模式。详细说明了该IP核的架构,各部分设计及状态转换过程。最后该模块通过了系统验证,并在xilinxFPGA上转化为硬件电路实现了所有功能。     

Joint Determination of the State Dimension and Autoregressive Order for Models with Markov Regime Switching

Abstract. This paper is concerned with the problem of joint determination of the state dimension and autoregressive order of models with Markov‐switching parameters. A model selection procedure is proposed which is based on optimization of complexity‐penalized likelihood criteria. The efficacy of the procedure is evaluated by means of Monte Carlo experiments.