100 MW汽轮发电机组轴承超温原因分析

神华煤制油自备热电厂1号机组试运行过程中,6号轴承超温发生跳机,其主要原因在于轴承座纵向扬度安装错误及发生变化,与轴径扬度不匹配,造成轴瓦前后部油膜润滑和冷却不良。对此,进行了处理。     

扩底抗拔桩承载力计算方法与工程应用

上海地区扩底抗拔桩具有中长度、小扩展角度的特点。基于现场足尺试验与工程实践,提出了适合该桩型抗拔承载力计算的两种方法:圆柱面剪切法和扩大系数法。其中圆柱面剪切法假定桩端扩大头以上一定范围内的土体剪切面直径等于扩大头最大直径,超过此范围的桩等截面部分的侧摩阻力不受影响。扩大系数法通过扩底扩大系数和旁压扩大系数来反映扩大头段抗拔阻力的提高。这两种方法分段套用现有规范的抗拔桩计算公式,参数选取容易,公式简洁,便于工程设计人员采用。这种新型的扩底抗拔桩及其承载力计算方法在瑞金医院地下车库和上海铁路南站南广场中得到应用,试验结果皆大于计算值,其中上海铁路南站南广场工程计算值与试验结果非常接近,进一步验证了计算方法的合理性,并为认识扩底抗拔桩的承载特性提供了参考。     

塔中隆起北坡顺托果勒区块志留系储层油气充注历史——以顺9井流体包裹体分析为例

受多期构造运动影响,塔里木盆地志留系储层油气成藏具有独特性。运用流体包裹体系统分析技术和方法,特别是单个油包裹体显微荧光分析技术,对顺托果勒低凸起顺9井柯坪塔格组油气成藏期次进行了划分,并确定其油气成藏时期。结果表明,位于斜坡带的顺托果勒低凸起顺9井区柯坪塔格组第1期成藏时间为417.5～409.5Ma;第2期成藏发生在335.0～231.5Ma,属于海西晚期,是该井区最主要的成藏期,油源可能来自于寒武系-下奥陶统烃源灶和中上奥陶统烃源灶;第3期发生在20.1～19.7Ma,属于喜马拉雅中晚期,油源可能来自于中上奥陶统烃源灶;天然气成藏时间为23.5～15.3Ma,气源可能来自于寒武系-下奥陶统烃源灶。     

塔中隆起中-下奥陶统岩溶水文地貌条件及控储机制

塔里木盆地塔中隆起中-下奥陶统古岩溶储层是深层碳酸盐岩油气勘探的重点目标。基于地震数据分析和地震属性提取,对塔中隆起的岩溶古地貌和古水文结构进行了精细刻画;通过钻井和成像测井对比、岩心和岩石学薄片观察,揭示了古岩溶储层空间分布的差异性;探讨了水文地貌条件对储层发育的控制作用。研究结果表明：①塔中隆起的中央主垒带位于古地形平坦的岩溶高地,发育以裂隙-扩散流为代表的流场结构;北斜坡带位于地势相对陡的岩溶斜坡,有利于形成顺层-径流的水流样式。②中央主垒带储层以裂缝-孔洞系统为主,为表层岩溶带的产物,其平面分布受控于NE和NWW向断裂;北斜坡带发育规模不一的孤立洞穴和多层溶蚀孔洞,其岩溶垂向结构相对完整。③由于水文地貌条件的差异,中央主垒带和北斜坡带分别形成了"裂隙-渗流"和"顺层-径流"表生岩溶储层发育模式,为储层预测提供了理论依据。     

测井曲线在识别陈家庄凸起北部缓坡带层序边界中的应用

针对陈家庄凸起北部缓坡带特殊的沉积、构造特征．应用测井曲线来识别层序边界。应用自然电位和电阻率测井曲线的组合来确定层序边界，可根据自然电位基线强烈偏移、视电阻率的突增或突减等异常现象的出现来判别；利用声波时差和电阻率曲线的叠合，在层序边界处常对应△logR的低谷值；应用累计倾角图来识别层序边界优于常规的地层倾角．累计倾角的一阶导数更能突出异常点的位置。测井曲线应用于识别层序边界，有其自身的优势，在该研究区取得了较好的效果。     

轮南低凸起原油中金刚烷类化合物的相分馏响应

相分馏作用是我国海相碳酸盐岩油气藏调整与改造(破坏)的一种重要形式。目前,国内外对于相分馏作用的识别标志主要局限于C7系列化合物(甲基环己烷、正庚烷、甲苯)的分异比。由于轻烃组分(C5—C8)稳定性较差,水洗作用、氧化降解作用、温压条件的改变、油气运移,甚至在分析测试的过程中,均会导致轻烃类组分发生不同程度的消耗与变化,从而导致利用C7系列化合物来判识相分馏过程存在一定的不准确性,而金刚烷类化合物具较强抗热解和生物降解能力。对塔里木盆地典型的气洗相分馏作用区(轮南低凸起地区)原油金刚烷系列进行系统分析认为,经气洗改造后的原油具有1-甲基金刚烷富集,1,3-二甲基金刚烷、1,4-二甲基金刚烷(顺)、1,4-二甲基金刚烷(反)、3-甲基-1-乙基金刚烷贫化的特征。因此,金刚烷类化合物可以作为有效示踪相分馏作用的识别标志。     

单桩抗拔极限承载力的预测

单桩抗拔极限承载力是抗拔桩基设计中的一个重要参数。基于抗拔单桩静载荷试验数据，采用灰色系统理论法，对单桩抗拔极限承载力进行预测。预测值与实测值比较，结果精度较高，说明该法预测有一定的准确性，能满足工程要求。     

GEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SKRUGARD OIL DISCOVERY,BARENTS SEA,ARCTIC NORWAY: A “PALAEO‐BIODEGRADED – GAS REACTIVATED” HYDROCARBON ACCUMULATION

This paper investigates the filling history of the Skrugard and Havis structures of the Johan Castberg field in the Polheim Sub‐Platform and Bjørnøyrenna Fault Complex, Barents Sea (Arctic Norway). Oil and gas occurs in the Early Jurassic and Middle Jurassic Nordmela and Stø Formations at Johan Castberg, and both free oil and bitumen are interpreted to be sourced from the Upper Jurassic Hekkingen Formation (Kimmeridge Formation equivalent). The geochemical characteristics of the petroleum from Skrugard and Havis, including the GOR, API and facies and maturity signatures, can be understood within a complex fill history which includes a palaeo oil charge, Tertiary uplift (>2 km), dismigration, in‐reservoir biodegradation, and late‐stage refill with gas. The API and GOR of the Skrugard oil are 31° and 60m³/m³, respectively. The petroleum is geochemically similar to that in the nearby Havis structure, to that in the Snøhvit region to the south of the Loppa High, and also to the petroleum recorded as traces in well 7219/9‐1, approximately 16 km SW of Johan Castberg field. However, the petroleum differs from the oil in the Alta well 7120/2‐1, located in the southern part of the Loppa High, illustrating the complexity of the regional petroleum systems. The Skrugard oil is of medium maturity (ca. 0.8–0.9% R_c), and is significantly biodegraded despite being gas‐saturated. Evidence for biodegradation includes the reduced concentrations of C₁₀‐C₂₅ n‐alkanes and the presence of a prominent unresolved complex mixture (UCM) in gas chromatogram traces. However non‐biodegraded C₄‐C₈ range hydrocarbons are also present in the reservoir. This suggests a recent charge of gas/condensate into the structure which therefore contains a mixture of palaeo‐degraded and unaltered petroleum. Oil‐type inclusions within authigenic quartz and feldspar from reservoir sandstones at Skrugard were analysed. The results indicate that the structure (present‐day depth 1276–1395m) underwent Tertiary uplift by ca. 2–3km following an earlier phase of oil emplacement. The presence of the oil type inclusions, both in the current gas zone (Stø Formation) and in the oil zone (Stø and Nordmela Formations), indicates that the positions of the oil‐water and gas‐oil contacts have changed over time. This is consistent with a recent gas charge to the upper part of the reservoir, and also with the gas being at dew point. These observations are supported by analyses of core extracts which show an increasing bitumen content towards the OWC, and the oil‐type bitumen in the present‐day gas zone. A charge history model for the Skrugard structure is proposed which integrates both the observations concerning the petroleum inclusions and the biodegraded oil together with observations of seismically‐monitored gas fluxes along the rim of the Loppa High. Improved understanding of the Skrugard structure and its filling history will assist exploration in similar settings in other parts of the Barents Sea and worldwide, particularly where multiple source rocks and a multi‐stage charge history have controlled reservoir filling.     

抗拔桩在铁路简支梁静载弯曲试验中的应用

以哈大铁路客运专线的静载试验为例,介绍了抗拔桩在铁路简支梁静载弯曲试验中的应用,对抗拔桩加载装置设计作了说明,具体阐述了单侧加载集中力P值,桩基抗拔能力,横梁受力等的验算方法,从而验证了抗拔桩方案的可行性。     

扩底桩的抗拔承载力试验及计算

通过对干旱地区黄土中扩底桩的抗拔试验 ,测试了扩底桩在上拔荷载、水平荷载作用下的上拔位移和水平位移以及位移与荷载的关系。研究了极限上拔承载力和抗拔桩的破坏机理。在相同条件下 ,增加扩大端的高度对提高桩的极限上拔承载力是有效的 ,破坏机理为土的减压软化和损伤软化的渐进性破坏。提出了极限上拔承载力的理论计算模式 ,并与实测资料进行了对比 ,理论计算结果与实测值是吻合的