技术进步模型的参数调整及其应用

本文根据石油企业的生产特点与相关因素,对技术进步计算模型即索洛生产函数的参数进行了调整。并用调整后的模型推导出的技术进步贡献率计算式对原石油天然气总公司及所属的19个油田进行了测算,其结果基本符合实际。     

热喷快固石油沥青聚氨酯涂料

制备了一种石油沥青聚氨酯厚浆型重防腐涂料。添加石油炼制副产品及酯类稀释剂,使石油沥青与羟基组分（环氧树脂）混溶。涂料适用于石油沥青类涂层管道大修或补口,也可作为新的涂料产品应用。由于其具有无溶剂（或低溶剂）及热喷快固等特性,减少了环境污染,降低了劳动强度。     

电位滴定测定石油产品中硫醇硫

本方法系将无硫化氢试样溶解在乙酸钠的异丙醇溶剂中,用硝酸银醇标准溶液进行电位滴定,采用梅特勒-托利多仪器(上海)有限公司制造的DL-77型滴定仪,通过电极电位突越指示滴定终点。实验表明,反应采用现代复合银电极DM141-SC比传统的双电极系统更为简捷、快速、准确。为进出口石油产品检验硫醇硫提供了更好的科学技术依据。     

Solubility Parameter from an Acoustic Method: Temperature Effect and Applications to Petroleum

The thermodynamic information relating cohesive energy and internal pressure is explored in order to calculate the solubility parameter for hydrocarbons, some of its mixtures, and crude oils taking into account the effect of temperature. Single-phase data of pure hydrocarbons and some of their binary and ternary mixtures, such as speed of sound, density, and heat capacity at constant pressure, are used to adjust the proposed models. Finally, the results are compared with an experimental method recently presented by us in a previous publication. This evaluation demonstrates that the proposed methods are robust for highly saturated oils. Moreover, a general expression including SARA (percentage by weight of saturates S, aromatics A, resins R, and asphaltenes As) composition is proposed to predict the solubility parameter of oils with high content of resins and asphaltenes.     

Research on petroleum patent valuation based on Value Capture Theory

The valuation of patent technology is a research hotspot in the area of intellectual property. How to objectively value a patent is still a thorny issue, especially in industries with long industry chains like the petroleum industry. This paper combines with the technical characteristics of the petroleum industry, builds up a set of patent value evaluation systems including the index system, the calculation of indicator weights, the determination of scoring criteria, and the expert score calculation innovatively. The model constructed based on the Value Capture Theory effectively combines the cost method and the benefit method in traditional assessment methods, avoiding the problem of obtaining the patent transaction data that market method required. The calculating process which adopts triangle fuzzy matrix increases the objectivity of the evaluation process. Different criteria for eight different fields of petroleum are applied in this paper, which make each specific patent evaluation model suitable for the petroleum industry. In addition, the process of evaluation becomes relatively simple and easy to implement.     

Can the Shanghai LNG Price Index indicate Chinese market? An econometric investigation using price discovery theory

China became the world’s second largest liquefied natural gas (LNG) importer in 2018 but has faced extremely high import costs due to a lack of bargaining power. Assessments of the Shanghai LNG Price Index, first released in 2015, are vital for improving the understanding of these cost dynamics. This paper, using the LNG price index data from the Shanghai Petroleum and Gas Exchange (SHPGX) coupled with domestic and international LNG prices from July 1, 2015 to December 31, 2018, estimates several econometric models to evaluate the long-term and short-term equilibriums of the Shanghai LNG Price Index, the responses to market information shocks and the leading or lagging relationships with LNG and alternative energy prices from other agencies. The results show that the LNG price index of the SHPGX has already exhibited a long-term equilibrium and short-term adjustment mechanisms to reflect the average price level and market movements, but the market information transparency and price discovery efficiency of the index are still inadequate. China’s LNG market is still relatively independent of other natural gas markets, and marketization reforms are under way in China. The influence of the SHPGX LNG price index on the trading decisions of market participants is expected to improve with further development of China’s LNG reforms, the formation of a natural gas entry-exit system, and the increasing liquidity of the hub.     

Alternative method for determining API degrees of petroleum in contaminated soil by FTIR

A method was developed to determine °API from the relative abundance of polar and aliphatic functional groups as measured by FTIR. Twenty-two samples of petroleum were collected from the southern region of Mexico and analyzed by FTIR using an Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) accessory. API gravity was run in parallel using the convention hydrometer method (ASTM D6822-12b). Variables were analyzed for principal components and a minimum of squares regression. API gravity of the petroleum used was between −8.8 and 41.5. For correlation, an index of the relative abundance of polar functional groups vs. saturates was developed. Data from calibration gave an R² = 0.9632 and a standard error of 0.0129, with an absolute error of 0.0104. During the validation (with petroleum from contaminated sites), the results gave an R² = 0.9024, with a standard error estimated at 0.0307 and an absolute mean error of 0.0199. Thus, the determination of API degrees of petroleum extracted from contaminated soil was shown to be viable using FTIR-ATR. The algorithm was developed to fit well for the whole range of crudes, from extra heavy (<10 °API) to super light (>39 °API) crudes. This method is simple, quick, does not require extensive sample preparation, uses very small sample proportions (<1 g) and produces only a minimum of waste as compared to the conventional (hydrometer) method.     

土壤中石油烃类物质检测方法综述

石油烃类物质具有高毒性、难降解等特征,土壤是石油烃类物质污染的主要载体之一,土壤中石油烃类物质的高效准确分析对土壤污染风险评估和修复工作具有重要意义。本文从原理、优缺点和实际应用情况等方面,对土壤中石油烃类物质的前处理和检测分析方法进行比对分析,总结发现加速溶剂萃取法/加压流体萃取法是较为高效、回收率高且成本较低的前处理方法；气相色谱法是较为稳定、准确性和重复性较好的分析方法,也是目前检测石油烃类物质的方法中应用最为广泛的。随着信息技术飞速发展和对污染现场快速检测的需要,遥感技术和便携式检测设备逐渐广泛应用,对污染场地土壤中石油烃类物质的现场原位快速检测具有重要意义。     

Optimization of a solvent extraction route for the recovery of Mo from petroleum refinery spent catalyst using Cyphos IL 102

In this study, trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium bromide (Cyphos IL 102) diluted in toluene has been explored for the first time as an organic phase for the extraction, separation, and recovery of Mo(VI) from hydrochloric acid medium. The study focuses on the recovery of metals from spent catalyst, a hazardous solid waste. The metal recovered in the form of metal oxide has further applications in various fields. The widespread use of solvent extraction for metal recovery can be assigned to its economic feasibility and the built-in concentration step thereby providing an appropriate commercial technology for the beneficiation of low-grade sources of metals and recovery of substances from complex matrices. The influence of fundamental extraction variables on Mo(VI) extraction and loading and recycling capacity of the extractant has also been evaluated. Binary separations of Mo(VI) from other associated metal ions have been achieved with high separation factors. Optimized conditions have been employed for the extraction and recovery of Mo(VI) from petroleum refinery spent catalyst leach liquor containing Mo-1141.18 ppm, Al-2158.42 ppm, Ni-270.39 ppm, and Co-61.82 ppm. Quantitative and selective extraction (98.4%) of Mo from spent petroleum refinery catalyst was achieved in two stages at A:O = 3:2 using 2.0 × 10^?2 mol/L Cyphos IL 102. Almost 99% Mo was stripped with 1.0 mol/L (NH₄)₂CO₃ in two stages at O:A = 1:1. MoO₃, obtained from the stripped solution by thermal decomposition was characterized by XRD, FESEM, and EDX techniques. Economical and environmental aspect of present work is supported by high loading capacity and reusability of extractant.     

Risk and resilience in the Nigerian oil sector: The economic effects of pipeline sabotage and theft

Political unrest in the Niger Delta has long been viewed as a hurdle for extracting maximum value from Nigeria's oil resources. Recently, investors and policymakers have laid blame for sector under-performance on pipeline sabotage and theft, and sounded the alarm for an impending ‘oil crisis’. However, our understanding of the economic effects of social action against oil companies is incomplete. Rigorous analysis has not heretofore been offered as evidence for such dire futures. Despite the obvious risk of pipeline interdiction, price dynamics and aggregate production respond minimally to pipeline interdiction. Based on quantitative analysis of the relationship among price, production and pipeline interdiction from multiple data sources covering different time intervals (monthly data from 2005 to 2014 and annual data from 1999 to 2013), we find no evidence of significant effects of pipeline interdiction on production and a weak relationship between pipeline interdiction and Bonny light crude prices. Reported losses in product are substantial, but there is no evidence of statistically significant impacts on price or production in the aggregate. Explanations for this counterintuitive result are cast in terms of sector resilience. The implications of this finding for producer risk and the likelihood of an impending ‘oil crisis’ are discussed.