水中石油类物质测定的因素分析

监测水中石油类物质的目的是用来控制工业废水和生活污水的污染。对检测水中石油类物质的常用3种方法进行了对比研究,重点对应用面较宽、正在推广的红外分光光度法进行了研究,分析了影响该方法实验精度的主要因素,并提出了切实可行的改进措施,取得了良好的实验效果。     

加强石油尾矿利用的应对措施及政策建议

目前我国大部分油田已进入开发中后期,其中大量油田区块已属于尾矿,其产量和开发效益面临巨大挑战。而尾矿资源无论从保障国家能源安全还是实现国内2亿t稳产目标考量,都是重要的资源,应予以高度重视,国家政策支持是保障尾矿效益开发和可持续发展的关键。通过研究我国石油尾矿基本情况,借鉴美国石油尾矿优惠政策和措施,提出设立相关管理机构、创新尾矿管理模式、加强科技攻关力度等措施建议,以及制订尾矿法规条例,针对不同尾矿经济评价分类情况,对资源税、增值税等相关税费减免等提出政策建议。     

SBS和APP树脂石油沥青防水卷材的研制

用ＳＢＢ或ＡＰＰ树脂改性的石油沥青所制成的防水卷材，具有良好的防水性能，抗高温变形能力和抗寒性能，正逐步替代ＰＶＣ煤焦油防水卷材。     

API 579: a comprehensive fitness-for-service guide

This article presents an overview of the recently published American Petroleum Institute (API) Recommended Practice 579, which covers fitness-for-service assessment of pressure equipment in petrochemical and other industries. Although API 579 covers a wide range of flaws and damage mechanisms, including local metal loss, pitting corrosion, blisters, weld misalignment, and fire damage, the emphasis of the present article is on the assessment of crack-like flaws. The API 579 procedure for evaluating cracks incorporates a failure assessment diagram (FAD) methodology very similar to that in other documents, such as the British Energy R6 approach and the BS 7910 method. The API document contains an extensive compendium of K solutions, including a number of new cases generated specifically for API 579. In the initial release of the document, API has adopted existing reference stress solutions for the calculation of L_r in the FAD procedure. In a future release, however, API plans to replace these solutions with values based on a more rational definition of reference stress. These revised reference stress solutions will incorporate the effect of weld mismatch. In addition to the Appendices of K and reference stress solutions, API 579 includes appendices that provide guidance on estimating fracture toughness and weld residual stress distributions. Over the next few years these appendices will be enhanced with advances in technology. Recently, API has entered into discussions with the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) to convert API 579 into a joint API/ASME fitness-for-service guide.     

SPECTROSCOPIC CHARACTERIZATION OF SOLVENT SOLUBLE FRACTIONS OF PETROLEUM VACUUM RESIDUES

ABSTRACT

NMR and FTIR spectroscopic techniques were used to investigate the effect of different solvent extraction schemes on the composition and chemical nature of species of vacuum residues of two Indian crude oils (namely Jodhpur and Heera) extractable into polar (ethyl acetate) and non-polar (n-pentane and n-heptane) solvents. The obtained soluble fractions were found to consist of mainly simple aliphatic and naphthenic ring structures, while insoluble fractions consisted primarily aromatic compounds. The results were used to draw inferences on the relative utility of different extraction schemes to upgrade vacuum residues as feedstocks for secondary conversion processes in petroleum industry.     

新中国石油工业高速发展和科技人才努力方向

在新中国成立60周年的光辉历史中,我国石油工业得到高速发展,已经跨入世界先进产油国家中前五位,需要培养更多石油行业现代科技人才。概述新中国石油工业高速发展,总结江汉油区石油勘探开发创新实践,阐明科学发展观在石油工业中的重要指导作用,旨在为石油行业现代科技人才的培养指明努力的方向。     

The shift in US oil demand and its impact on OPEC's market share

Tremendous political pressure is being exerted on the US government by different political parties to diversify its sources of foreign oil supplies by switching from the reliance on OPEC's oil to that originating from non-OPEC nations. Without a doubt, such a shift would adversely impact the market share of some OPEC members, particularly Saudi Arabia, Venezuela and Nigeria. These countries should therefore consider seriously the negative impact of this scenario and consequently formulate individual or joint production policies aiming at protecting their oil market share. To help OPEC achieve this objective, there is a need to estimate the demand function of US oil imports. This paper proffers an estimate of such a function, taking into account, among other variables, the impact of US Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR).     

用粗C9合成深色C9石油树脂

粗Ｃ９馏份在２．０％的三氯化铝催化下于４０℃聚合反应３ｈ，得到软化点为１４６℃，得率为６２．６％，色泽为１７的深色Ｃ９石油树脂。     

Investigating the trade-off between operating revenue and CO2 emissions from crude oil distillation using a blend of two crudes

Blending of different crude types is frequently used in petroleum refineries to improve their profitability and products yields. However, energy consumption and consequential CO₂ emissions strongly depend on the types of crude being processed. The trade-off between CO₂ emissions and economic objectives, such as net revenue, is investigated for cases of different crude blends using the multi-objective optimization approach. The first objective is the minimization of CO₂ emissions whilst the second objective is maximizing the net revenue from the crude distillation unit (CDU). A rigorous model is used to estimate CO₂ emissions from different sources within the CDU. This emissions model incorporates pinch analysis for heat integration, to optimize the distribution of utilities related to emissions. Blends of two crudes, 36 API and 27.7 API, are used as feedstock to a rigorous CDU model of the atmospheric crude tower, vacuum tower and heat exchanger network. Lighter crude blends recorded higher CO₂ emissions and net revenue compared with the heavier blend due to the greater distilled fraction. However, CO₂ emissions did not vary linearly with the fraction of each crude, as the heat exchanger network also influenced the degree of heat recovery and consequently the level of CO₂ emissions. The multi-objective solutions show the influence of all 13 of the process variables on the objectives.