To Remove or Not to Remove? The Challenge of Extracting the Template to Make the Cavities Available in Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (MIPs)

Template removal is a critical step in the preparation of most molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs). The polymer network itself and the affinity of the imprinted cavities for the template make its removal hard. If there are remaining template molecules in the MIPs, less cavities will be available for rebinding, which decreases efficiency. Furthermore, if template bleeding occurs during analytical applications, errors will arise. Despite the relevance to the MIPs performance, template removal has received scarce attention and is currently the least cost-effective step of the MIP development. Attempts to reach complete template removal may involve the use of too drastic conditions in conventional extraction techniques, resulting in the damage or the collapse of the imprinted cavities. Advances in the extraction techniques in the last decade may provide optimized tools. The aim of this review is to analyze the available data on the efficiency of diverse extraction techniques for template removal, paying attention not only to the removal yield but also to MIPs performance. Such an analysis is expected to be useful for opening a way to rational approaches for template removal (minimizing the costs of solvents and time) instead of the current trial-and-error methods.     

石蜡基原料催化裂化多产异构烷烃（MIP）技术的工业应用

应用石蜡基原料在中国石油大庆石化公司二套重油催化裂化装置上成功进行了催化裂化多产异构烷烃（MIP）技术的工业应用。通过对标定数据和日常生产统计数据的分析,比较了MIP技术改造前后汽油、柴油、油浆等性质的变化,表明MIP技术可有效控制裂化反应,强化氢转移、芳构化反应,使汽油烯烃含量明显下降。在汽油生产方案下,稳定汽油烯烃体积分数（荧光法）可降至30%以下,辛烷值可达90以上,总液体收率达到83.44%。     

Quantitative image analysis of bubble cavities in iron ore green pellets

Scanning electron microscopy and image analysis was used for quantitative analysis of bubble cavities in iron ore green pellets. Two types of pellets prepared with and without addition of flotation reagent prior to balling were studied. The bubble cavity porosity amounted to 2.8% in the pellets prepared without addition of flotation reagent prior to balling. When flotation reagent was added prior to balling, the bubble cavity porosity increased by a factor of 2.4 and the median bubble diameter was decreased slightly. It was also shown that mercury intrusion porosimetry is not suitable for determination of the distribution of bubble cavities. Finally, our data suggested that the difference in total porosity determined by mercury intrusion porosimetry and pycnometry between the two types of pellets was due to the bubble cavities.     

单频网适配器的设计与实现

介绍了一个单频网适配器的设计方案，该方案由基于FPGA实现的核心功能模块和基于ARM嵌入式CPU实现的控制模块组成。核心功能模块不仅实现了MIP计算和MIP插入功能，还实现了RS编解码、NIT更新、传输流速率适配和PCR调整等功能。     

Study of the TCP Dynamics over Wireless Networks with Micromobility Support Using the ns Simulator

Several IP micro-mobility protocols have been proposed to enhance the performance of Mobile IP in an environment with frequent handoffs. In this paper we make a detailed study of how some of these protocols namely Cellular IP, HAWAII and Hierarchical Mobile IP affect the behavior of TCP and their interaction with the MAC layer. The aim of the paper is to investigate the impact of handoffs on TCP by means of simulation traces that show the evolution of segments and acknowledgments during handoffs.     

对互联网频繁移动通信机制优化的探讨

充分利用Internet实现移动通信是移动通信的发展趋势,实现基于Internet的移动通信意义深远。首先对Internet端对端通信方式的特点及目前存在的问题进行了分析,给出了一种频繁移动终端的通信机制优化的方案。     

MIP降烯烃技术及其操作探讨

针对锦西石化重油催化裂化装置MIP技术应用后存在的汽油辛烷值低、柴汽比下降的主要问题,文章分析了MIP的工艺技术思路,结合重油催化装置的生产实际,通过改变一、二反的操作条件,应用专用催化剂,使汽油辛烷值达到88.5～90,柴油收率达到28%～30%,满足了生产要求。     

不相关并行机节能调度问题建模

针对以能耗最小化为目标的不相关并行机调度问题,提出了5个考虑关机/重启策略的混合整数规划(MIP)模型。针对非线性模型,通过引入中间决策变量将其转换为线性模型。从模型尺寸复杂度、计算复杂度两方面对所提5个MIP模型进行了详细的对比评估。试验结果表明：基于不同建模思路的MIP模型尺寸复杂度、计算复杂度差别很大,基于空闲能耗的线性模型求解效果最好。     

Towards optimal configuration of a manufacturer’s supply network with demand flexibility

Demand flexibility exhibits the degree to which customers are often willing to compromise on product features or performance levels for budgetary (reflected in price) or schedule (reflected in delivery) reasons. It is essential for a manufacturer to map demand flexibility into the supply side and investigate its impact on supply network configuration to maximise its total profit. This paper is among the first contributions that seek to address the challenge of optimal configuration of a manufacturer’s supply network that consists of raw material suppliers and contract manufacturers, considering demand flexibility and commonality among different product families. A new mixed integer programming model is developed to describe the characteristics of this problem. The objective was to maximise the manufacturer’s total profit subject to various operating constraints of the supply chain. In view of the complexity and non-deterministic polynomial-time (NP)-hard nature of the problem, a hybrid constraint programming and simulated annealing algorithm is proposed to solve the problem optimally. Extensive numerical studies are conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed model and the hybrid algorithm.     

Correlation of chloride diffusion coefficient and microstructure parameters in concrete: A comparative analysis using NMR,MIP, and X-CT

Permeability is a major indicator of concrete durability, and depends primarily on the microstructure characteristics of concrete, including its porosity and pore size distribution. In this study, a variety of concrete samples were prepared to investigate their microstructure characteristics via nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), and X-ray computed tomography (X-CT). Furthermore, the chloride diffusion coefficient of concrete was measured to explore its correlation with the microstructure of the concrete samples. Results show that the proportion of pores with diameters<1000 nm obtained by NMR exceeds that obtained by MIP, although the difference in the total porosity determined by both methods is minimal. X-CT measurements obtained a relatively small porosity; however, this likely reflects the distribution of large pores more accurately. A strong correlation is observed between the chloride diffusion coefficient and the porosity or contributive porosity of pores with sizes<1000 nm. Moreover, microstructure parameters measured via NMR reveal a lower correlation coefficient R² versus the chloride diffusion coefficient relative to the parameters determined via MIP, as NMR can measure non-connected as well as connected pores. In addition, when analyzing pores with sizes>50 µm, X-CT obtains the maximal contributive porosity, followed by MIP and NMR.