Synthesis of Cellulose-Based Macromolecular Coupling Agent and its Utilization in Poly (butylene succinate)/Wood Flour Composites

A long fatty side chain was introduced into the macromolecule of hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) via esterification reaction. The hydrophobicity of hydroxyethyl cellulose lauric acid ester (HECLAE) was enhanced in comparison with HEC. The obtained HECLAE was used as macromolecular coupling agent in poly (butylene succinate)/wood flour composites and exhibited a positive influence on improving the mechanical performance of composites. Besides, HECLAE plays a role as a hydrophobic agent in composites. A significant increase in storage modulus (E’) was observed upon the incorporation of treated wood flour. SEM images showed that the dispersion of treated wood flour in PBS matrix was improved.     

CO2驱沥青质沉积对致密储层的伤害机理——以鄂尔多斯盆地延长组长8储层为例

为了揭示CO2驱替过程中沥青质沉积对致密储层的伤害机理,文中基于岩心核磁共振T2谱测试原理,开展了CO2注入压力下的岩心驱替实验,研究了沥青质在岩心中的沉积特征,评价了沥青质沉积对储层的伤害程度。实验结果表明:沥青质沉积量和渗透率伤害率随着CO2注入压力的升高呈现先快速上升后趋于平缓的趋势;在CO2注入过程中,沥青质主要沉积在弛豫时间大于10 ms的大、中孔隙,导致大、中孔隙占比下降,微细、小孔隙占比增加,且随着CO2注入压力的升高,大、中孔隙占比下降幅度增大,微细、小孔隙占比上升幅度增大;此外,沥青质沉积会引起润湿性发生反转,随着沥青质沉积量的增加,润湿反转指数增大,岩心润湿性不断向强油湿方向转变。     

基于Q-learning的不确定环境BDI Agent最优策略规划研究

BDI模型能够很好地解决在特定环境下的Agent的推理和决策问题,但在动态和不确定环境下缺少决策和学习的能力。强化学习解决了Agent在未知环境下的决策问题,却缺少BDI模型中的规则描述和逻辑推理。针对BDI在未知和动态环境下的策略规划问题,提出基于强化学习Q-learning算法来实现BDI Agent学习和规划的方法,并针对BDI的实现模型ASL的决策机制做出了改进,最后在ASL的仿真平台Jason上建立了迷宫的仿真,仿真实验表明,在加入Q-learning学习机制后的新的ASL系统中,Agent在不确定环境下依然可以完成任务。     

Bilayer-mediated assembly of cationic nanoparticles adsorbed to lipid bilayers: Insights from molecular simulations

Understanding interactions between functionalized gold nanoparticles (NPs) and lipid bilayers is essential for biomedical applications. Experiments have shown that NPs that are stable in solution can assemble into clusters when adsorbed to a lipid bilayer, suggesting that bilayer-mediated interactions facilitate assembly. In this work, we use coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations to study bilayer-mediated interactions between NPs adsorbed to single- and multicomponent lipid bilayers. We perform unbiased simulations and umbrella sampling calculations using an implicit solvent force field to determine the thermodynamic contributions to assembly. We show that bilayer-mediated interactions drive the assembly of NPs into linear aggregates on liquid-disordered bilayers, which we attribute to a reduction in bilayer curvature. Similar bilayer-mediated interactions induce the alignment of NP clusters with phase boundaries in phase-separated bilayers. Together, these simulation results provide new physical insight into the balance of forces that dictate the assembly of charged NPs at multicomponent lipid bilayer interfaces.     

The benefit of being physically present: A survey of experimental works comparing copresent robots,telepresent robots and virtual agents

The effects of physical embodiment and physical presence were explored through a survey of 33 experimental works comparing how people interacted with physical robots and virtual agents. A qualitative assessment of the direction of quantitative effects demonstrated that robots were more persuasive and perceived more positively when physically present in a user׳s environment than when digitally-displayed on a screen either as a video feed of the same robot or as a virtual character analog; robots also led to better user performance when they were collocated as opposed to shown via video on a screen. However, participants did not respond differently to physical robots and virtual agents when both were displayed digitally on a screen – suggesting that physical presence, rather than physical embodiment, characterizes people׳s responses to social robots. Implications for understanding psychological response to physical and virtual agents and for methodological design are discussed.     

膨胀剂对约束条件下UHPC早期抗裂性能影响的试验研究

超高性能混凝土(UHPC)在钢桥面铺装结构中由于铺装材料受到钢板、栓钉等的约束,加上材料本身水胶比小,更易收缩,早期容易承受拉应力导致开裂。通过在拌和过程中添加膨胀剂可以起到减小收缩的作用,但该方法对于约束条件下的UHPC铺装的早期抗裂性能提升是否有促进作用,仍需通过更多试验进行合理评估和深入研究。通过圆环法对3组不同配方的UHPC在均匀约束条件下的早期抗裂性能进行定量测试,并将试验数据进行回归分析和计算,得到了各组的平均应力发展速率,进而评估了各组的开裂风险等级。试验结果表明,通过在UHPC中加入适量膨胀剂,可使其最终收缩应力减小,并可降低其收缩应力发展速率,进一步降低其在约束条件下的开裂风险。     

含磷固化剂及固化环氧树脂的合成及表征

以4,4′-二氨基二苯基甲烷(DDM)、苯甲醛和亚磷酸二乙酯为原料,合成了两种含磷固化剂PM1和PM2,用红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱对PM1和PM2的结构进行了表征。用DDM,PM1,PM2分别固化双酚A型(DGEBA)环氧树脂,得到DGEBA-DDM,DGEBA-PM1,DGEBA-PM2树脂,采用示差扫描量热法、热重分析(TGA)和极限氧指数(LO I)对DGEBA-DDM,DGEBA-PM1,DGEBA-PM2树脂的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)、反应活性、热稳定性和阻燃性能进行了表征。实验结果表明,PM2的反应活性比PM1低;DGEBA-DDM,DGEBA-PM1,DGEBA-PM2树脂的Tg分别为178,112,145℃;TGA结果表明,700℃时DGEBA-PM1和DGEBA-PM2树脂的成炭率分别为29%和35%,而700℃时DGEBA-DDM树脂的成炭率只有19%;DGEBA-PM1和DGEBA-PM2树脂的LO I值由DGEBA-DDM树脂的24%分别增至30%和35%,且阻燃性能大幅度提高。     

高温高盐高含水油藏提高水驱采收率配套技术

针对江汉油区高温高盐高含水油藏的储层条件,应用国内外油藏精细描述、油藏工程最新理论与技术,提出了高含水油田合理钻加密井、完善注采井网、水平井挖潜、不稳定注水及高温高盐油藏采油工艺配套技术措施,形成了一套适应高温高盐高含水油藏提高水驱采收率的配套技术。     

油藏中分散非连续残余油膜的驱替机理分析

水驱后的残余油膜将贴于孔隙壁面，为壁面边界层流体，处于三相界面的包围和共同作用下。目前的调研结果显示，油膜的组成及力学特性沿孔壁方向上是变化的。在化学驱过程中油膜不仅受到驱油剂的驱替作用。还受驱油剂／油界面张力、油／固体界面张力及驱油剂／固体界面张力的阻碍作用。由于油膜组成、力学特性及相间作用的复杂性．以往对油膜驱替机理的研究都是从微观实验的角度对现象作观察和定性解释。本文根据水驱后残余油膜在油藏孔隙中存在的特点，提出了油膜驱替的简化模型。基于油膜驱替的微观实验，采用数值方法从定量的角度分别计算了不同黏弹性驱油剂在不同的驱油剂／原油界面张力作用下对残余油膜的驱替效率。考察了驱油剂的流变性、驱油剂／油界面张力、驱替速度等因素对驱替不同厚度油膜的影响规律。进一步探讨了驱油剂／原油界面特性和流变性在驱替残余油中的综合作用。研究结果表明，驱油剂对油膜的驱替始于驱油剂／油界面，要同时克服驱油剂／油界面约束力和油膜的屈服应力。降低界面张力、增强驱油剂的黏弹性、增加驱替速度，有利于提高驱替残余油膜的驱替效率。适当增加驱油刑的黏弹性可以放宽驱替薄油膜时对超低界面张力的要求。图13参9。     

芳烃联合装置节能降耗方法探讨

结合芳烃联合装置的发展形势，通过对国内某4套典型芳烃联合装置运行能耗的构成进行分析，确定该类装置的主要能耗在于燃料、电和蒸汽的消耗。总结了目前国内外常用的芳烃联合装置节能降耗方法，利用实际经验和调研结果，从采用新型吸附剂、采用单台吸附塔新工艺、采用轻质解吸剂替代对二乙苯（PDEB）、优化吸附塔运行参数、加热炉节能优化和选用高效节能设备等角度探讨芳烃联合装置的节能降耗方法。芳烃联合装置节能降耗应该由设计单位和生产单位紧密结合，在设计阶段就应充分考虑生产过程面临的问题，充分优化工艺路线、方案和设备设计，尽可能降低装置的能耗。同样，装置运行过程中，生产部门应标准化、精细化管理，优化日常操作，从而进一步降低装置的操作能耗。