引气剂在南水北调中线工程中的应用

引气剂在混凝土中能够引人大量微小、封闭、稳定的气泡,可改善混凝土和易性、耐久性,延长建筑物的使用寿命.引气剂的使用效果与混凝土的原材料质量、拌和工艺及环境有关,使用时应适当调整掺量,满足含气量的技术指标要求.     

On the effect of wind direction and urban surroundings on natural ventilation of a large semi-enclosed stadium

Natural ventilation of buildings refers to the replacement of indoor air with outdoor air due to pressure differences caused by wind and/or buoyancy. It is often expressed in terms of the air change rate per hour (ACH). The pressure differences created by the wind depend - among others - on the wind speed, the wind direction, the configuration of surrounding buildings and the surrounding topography. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has been used extensively in natural ventilation research. However, most CFD studies were performed for only a limited number of wind directions and/or without considering the urban surroundings. This paper presents isothermal CFD simulations of coupled urban wind flow and indoor natural ventilation to assess the influence of wind direction and urban surroundings on the ACH of a large semi-enclosed stadium. Simulations are performed for eight wind directions and for a computational model with and without the surrounding buildings. CFD solution verification is conducted by performing a grid-sensitivity analysis. CFD validation is performed with on-site wind velocity measurements. The simulated differences in ACH between wind directions can go up to 75% (without surrounding buildings) and 152% (with surrounding buildings). Furthermore, comparing the simulations with and without surrounding buildings showed that neglecting the surroundings can lead to overestimations of the ACH with up to 96%.     

Adjustment of drag coefficient correlations in three dimensional CFD simulation of gas-solid bubbling fluidized bed

Fluidized beds have been widely used in power generation and in chemical, biochemical, and petroleum industries. 3D simulation of commercial scale fluidized beds has been computationally impractical due to the required memory and processor speeds. In this study, 3D Computational Fluid Dynamics simulation of a gas-solid bubbling fluidized bed is performed to investigate the effect of using different inter-phase drag models. The drag correlations of Richardon and Zaki, Wen-Yu, Gibilaro, Gidaspow, Syamlal-O’Brien, Arastoopour, RUC, Di Felice, Hill Koch Ladd, Zhang and Reese, and adjusted Syamlal are reviewed using a multiphase Eulerian-Eulerian model to simulate the momentum transfer between phases. Furthermore, a method has been proposed to adjust the Di Felice drag model in a three dimensional domain based on the experimental value of minimum fluidization velocity as a calibration point. Comparisons are made with both a 2D Cartesian simulation and experimental data. The experiments are performed on a Plexiglas rectangular fluidized bed consisting of spherical glass beads and ambient air as the gas phase. Comparisons were made based on solid volume fractions, expansion height, and pressure drop inside the fluidized bed at different superficial gas velocities. The results of the proposed drag model were found to agree well with experimental data. The effect of restitution coefficient on three dimensional prediction of bed height is also investigated and an optimum value of restitution coefficient for modeling fluidized beds in a bubbling regime has been proposed. Finally sensitivity analysis is performed on the grid interval size to obtain an optimum mesh size with the objective of accuracy and time efficiency.     

Unsteady fluid mechanics effects in water based human locomotion

Computational fluid mechanics (CFD) has made substantial progress on modelling a variety of important problems in industry. However, there is still lack of reliable methods to model the motion of the body in water. This is a central issue in understanding animal and human propulsion in water not only to advance science but to explore the possibility of utilising such propulsion modes for man made vehicles. The presented work identified the added mass effect as the prime contributor to propulsive force generation. The use of boundary element method (BEM) proved very successful as it allowed reducing this dynamic problem to a quasi-static one without sacrificing accuracy in the model. The comparison between the experimental data and the simulation result was in the range of 95% (average accuracy) suggesting that the added mass effect and dynamic lift and drag are the most significant physical phenomena in propulsive force generation despite the fact that there is undoubtedly and the presence of turbulent effects that were not considered.     

风机流场并行数值模拟在集群系统上的应用

介绍集群系统的特点及其软硬件配置环境。利用计算流体力学商用软件Fluent对一种新型垂直轴风力机风轮在曙光天潮超级服务器4000A集群上进行数值模拟及并行计算,得到风轮内外部的三维流场,实现该软件在高性能并行计算机上的应用,为并行有限元分析提供一个基础计算平台。     

基于不确定型AHP法的南水北调中线工程对河南省水源区经济影响评价

南水北调中线工程的兴建与运行在缓解我国北方地区水资源短缺的局面的同时,对水源区的经济发展和环境保护提出了更高的要求。中线工程对于水源区经济发展的影响是多方面的,因此很难采用单一指标进行描述和定量测算。以河南省水源区为研究对象,采用不确定型层次分析方法(AHP),构建南水北调中线工程对河南省水源区经济影响评价的指标体系,并在此基础上确定指标相互间的区间判断矩阵,最后,利用最优传递矩阵的方法计算得出了各层指标的权重,计算中线工程对河南省水源区各产业的影响效应。测算结果表明,南水北调中线工程对于河南水源区第二产业发展影响效应最大,其次是第一产业,最后是第三产业。     

南水北调东线睢宁二站中高扬程水泵机组选型设计

睢宁二站是南水北调东线一期工程江苏省境内第五梯级提水泵站,为大型Ⅰ等、中高扬程水利工程,同时扬程和特征参数变幅较大,运行工况复杂,技术难度较高.结合工程特点,通过水力模型的比对、叶片调节方式的遴选、流道形式及断流方式的计算,最终选定导叶式混流泵为合理的机组类型,配套肘型进水、虹吸出水,可有效加大机组容量,提高水泵调节范围,优化运行方式.对该工程和南水北调工程建设及后期运行具有一定的参考价值.     

Status of the TOUGH-FLAC simulator and recent applications related to coupled fluid flow and crustal deformations

This paper presents recent advancement in and applications of TOUGH-FLAC, a simulator for multiphase fluid flow and geomechanics. The TOUGH-FLAC simulator links the TOUGH family multiphase fluid and heat transport codes with the commercial FLAC^3D geomechanical simulator. The most significant new TOUGH-FLAC development in the past few years is a revised architecture, enabling a more rigorous and tight coupling procedure with improved computational efficiency. The applications presented in this paper are related to modeling of crustal deformations caused by deep underground fluid movements and pressure changes as a result of both industrial activities (the In Salah CO₂ Storage Project and the Geysers Geothermal Field) and natural events (the 1960s Matsushiro Earthquake Swarm). Finally, the paper provides some perspectives on the future of TOUGH-FLAC in light of its applicability to practical problems and the need for high-performance computing capabilities for field-scale problems, such as industrial-scale CO₂ storage and enhanced geothermal systems. It is concluded that despite some limitations to fully adapting a commercial code such as FLAC^3D for some specialized research and computational needs, TOUGH-FLAC is likely to remain a pragmatic simulation approach, with an increasing number of users in both academia and industry.     

基于Fluid的大规模带宽限制蠕虫仿真模型

在利用子网抽象技术的基础上,进一步针对带宽限制蠕虫高速扫描的特点,提出了一种基于Fluid的大规模带宽限制蠕虫仿真模型.通过Fluid仿真技术对蠕虫高速扫描产生的数据包进行抽象,降低其对仿真系统计算能力和存储能力的要求,进而提高仿真执行效率.仿真结果和数据包级仿真以及和实测数据的对比表明,该仿真模型可以在消耗较少资源的...