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81.
82.
采用“溶胀-嵌入-收缩”方法改性聚酰胺反渗透膜,制备了一种高脱硼反渗透膜。通过甲醇溶胀增加了高分子链之间的距离,为疏水性癸酸分子的嵌入提供了场所,然后在压力和浓差极化共同作用下,改性分子选择性嵌入聚酰胺膜的孔内;当甲醇分子离开后,聚酰胺膜收缩将癸酸分子固定在高分子网络中。实验借助溶胀和分子嵌入以及溶胀后的收缩调节聚酰胺膜的孔径大小;利用脂肪酸的疏水性降低聚酰胺膜的极性,从而实现增加空间位阻和减少氢键结合位点数量的目的。实验结果显示,改性膜的脱硼率和截盐率均明显升高,截盐率从90.36%增加到96.46%,脱硼率从未改性膜的47.85%增加到77.32%,渗透液的硼含量达到WTO的使用标准。虽然水和硼的渗透性均下降,但是水和硼的渗透选择性增加,证明该方法有利于提高水硼选择性。 相似文献
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介绍了超高性能混凝土(UHPC)的制备原理和性能特点,对UHPC国内外研究和应用情况进行了综述,指出了我国UHPC研究和应用中存在的问题。结果表明:UHPC是一种具有优异的力学性能、耐久性能和环保效益的新型水泥基复合材料。国外在UHPC理论研究和应用研究方面都取得了大量成果,在实际工程中已经获得了广泛的应用;近年来我国在理论研究和应用方面也得到了快速发展;如何简化UHPC制备工艺、降低生产成本、补偿自收缩是今后的主要研究方向,完善相关规范标准以更好地指导UHPC现浇工程应用是目前首要解决的问题。随着环保和可持续发展理念的日益重视,UHPC这种低碳环保材料将有广阔的发展前景。 相似文献
86.
This DFG-funded research project aimed to gain a better understanding of the mechanisms of the W-Cl repair principle within the framework of fundamental investigations, to contribute to the creation of the necessary basis for a broader application of the repair principle in practice. The focus was on the development of a model to describe the chloride redistribution after the application of a system sealing surface protective coating. On the basis of Fick's second law of diffusion, a mathematical model with a self-contained analytical solution was developed, with the help of which the chloride redistribution after application of a system sealing surface protective coating can be calculated under the idealized assumption of complete water saturation of the concrete. Furthermore, the influence of the dehydration of the concrete, expected as a result of the application of the repair principle W-Cl, on the chloride redistribution was investigated. On the basis of laboratory tests and numerical simulations, material-specific reduction functions were developed to quantify the relationship between the chloride diffusion coefficient and the ambient humidity. 相似文献
87.
Using a comprehensive set of drop weight impact test data (h50) newly compiled from literature for 308 materials, a recent approach to predict impact sensitivities of nitro compounds is generalized to most explosive substances of interest. Compared to previous ones, this procedure is more thoroughly validated and exhibits a good predictive value. Furthermore, it yields new insight into the physical mechanisms involved, explaining for instance the unexpected desensitization of some oxygen-deficient triazoles upon nitration. 相似文献
88.
In this present work, Ca-alginate-biochar adsorbent has been synthesized, characterized and tested its effectiveness in the removal of aqueous phase Zn2+ metal. The removal efficiency was studied under various physicochemical process parameters. External mass transfer model, intraparticle diffusion model and pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models were used to fit the experimental Zn2+ adoption kinetic results and to identify the mechanism of adsorption. The desorption studies indicate the possibilities of ion-exchange and physical–chemical adsorption of Zn2+. The adsorption was best described by Langmuir isotherm model. Thermodynamic parameters suggested that the adsorption process becomes spontaneous, endothermic and irreversible in nature. 相似文献
89.
Traditional maximum power point tracking (MPPT) methods can hardly find global maximum power point (MPP) because output characteristics curve of photovoltaic (PV) array may have multi local maximum power points in irregular shadow, and thus easily fall into the local maximum power point. To address this drawback, Considering that sliding mode variable structure (SMVS) control strategy have such advantages as simple structure, fast response and strong robustness, and P&O method have the advantages of simple principle and convenient implementation, so a new algorithm combining SMVS control method and P&O method is proposed, besides, PI controller is applied to reduce system chattering caused by switching sliding surface. It is applied to MPPT control of PV array in irregular shadow to solve the problem of multi-peak optimization in partial shadow. In order to verity the rationality of the proposed algorithm, the experimental circuit is built, which achieves MPPT control by means of the proposed algorithm and P&O method. The experimental results show that compared with the traditional P&O algorithm, the proposed algorithm can fast track the global MPP, tracking speed increases by 60% and the relative error decreased by 20%. Moreover, the system becomes more stable near the MPP, the fluctuations of output power is greatly reduced, and thus make full use of solar energy. 相似文献
90.
Zhiyuan Jiang Peng Liu Qihui Chen Hung-Jue Sue Tim Bremner Lorenzo P. DiSano 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2020,137(33):48966
Interest in developing high-performance blends for niche applications has grown significantly in efforts to meet ever-increasing harsh environment demands. In this work, four model poly(aryl-ether-ketone)/polybenzimidazole (PAEK/PBI) blends were chosen to study the influence of premixing methods, processing, and matrix polymers, on their mechanical properties. Among the model poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) and PBI blends, mechanical properties are greatly enhanced by melt premixing. The molding process mainly affects the matrix crystallinity, which in turn greatly influences fracture toughness of the blend. Poly(ether ketone ketone) (PEKK) and PBI blend exhibits a slightly lower tensile strength and fracture toughness than PEEK/PBI due to the differences in inherent properties of PEEK and PEKK matrices and their interfacial interaction with PBI. The processing−structure–property relationship of PAEK/PBI blends is established to help guide optimal design of high-performance polymer blends for structural applications. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020 , 137, 48966. 相似文献