Evaluation of Effects of C60 Fullerene and Its Derivatives on Selected Microorganisms

The contribution deals with preparation of C50 fullerene derivatives （oxo derivative, bromo derivative, hydrolyzed bromoderivative, bromo-chloro derivative）, their identification and pilot testing of their biological effects on unicellular organisms. The contribution describes effects of C60 fullerene derivatives, both on prokaryotic organisms （bacteria, cyanobacteria） and eukaryotic organisms （algae） and assesses their potential use as biocides.     

纳米TiO_2光催化去除水华藻类的研究进展

由水体富营养化而引起的蓝藻水华是目前全球面临的重大水环境问题,严重威胁水生生态环境以及人类的健康。综述了近年来以TiO_2为代表的纳米材料光催化技术在蓝藻水华治理方面的研究现状,其中光催化负载体技术与可见光响应下高效光催化性能的研究广泛;归纳并总结了TiO_2抑制蓝藻生长光催化机理的一般规律性以及其对蓝藻细胞作用的活性氧(ROS)破坏机制。TiO_2光催化技术未来的发展趋势具有长期可行性,但在实际应用中新型结构单元的高效光催化剂的探索,负载装置应用的完善以及对水体中有害毒素的去除仍然是研究的难题。     

Towards synthetic biological approaches to resource utilization on space missions

This paper demonstrates the significant utility of deploying non-traditional biological techniques to harness available volatiles and waste resources on manned missions to explore the Moon and Mars. Compared with anticipated non-biological approaches, it is determined that for 916 day Martian missions: 205 days of high-quality methane and oxygen Mars bioproduction with Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum can reduce the mass of a Martian fuel-manufacture plant by 56%; 496 days of biomass generation with Arthrospira platensis and Arthrospira maxima on Mars can decrease the shipped wet-food mixed-menu mass for a Mars stay and a one-way voyage by 38%; 202 days of Mars polyhydroxybutyrate synthesis with Cupriavidus necator can lower the shipped mass to three-dimensional print a 120 m³ six-person habitat by 85% and a few days of acetaminophen production with engineered Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 can completely replenish expired or irradiated stocks of the pharmaceutical, thereby providing independence from unmanned resupply spacecraft that take up to 210 days to arrive. Analogous outcomes are included for lunar missions. Because of the benign assumptions involved, the results provide a glimpse of the intriguing potential of ‘space synthetic biology’, and help focus related efforts for immediate, near-term impact.     

春季太湖叶绿素a浓度的光谱估算与分析评价

2011年3月27日于太湖梅梁湾和湖心区域进行光谱数据采集,同步水质理化分析数据得到叶绿素a浓度区间为4.99μg/L～31.06μg/L。基于较低叶绿素a浓度水平的实测光谱数据及同步的理化分析数据分别采用二波段模型、光谱反射率一阶微分模型、反射峰位置模型、三波段模型和四波段模型对梅梁湾和湖心区域的叶绿素a浓度进行建模遥感估算。5个模型的回归分析结果对应R2分别为0.775,0.811,0.786,0.826和0.846,RMSE分别为4.02μg/L,3.52μg/L,3.82μg/L,3.44μg/L和3.24μg/L。并针对春季较低叶绿素a浓度水平下的光谱估算模型在应用价值和精度方面做了比较评价。     

基于IDL语言的太湖蓝藻水华遥感监测信息系统设计

以MODIS L1B数据为数据源,采用IDL语言,运用系统配置与插件技术实现系统架构,设计中间件解决系统框架和IDLDrawWidget控件通信接口的衔接问题,设计模型对象管理器组织模型对象,设计IDL数据显示的组织结构实现图像显示及其与矢量数据的叠加显示,使用相对图像坐标系显示叠加的矢量数据,并运用影像匹配技术和仿射变换技术分别实现了MODIS L1B影像"双眼皮"消除及其几何校正,在此基础上运用蓝藻水华遥感监测模型,实现蓝藻水华空间分布信息自动化提取。     

太湖蓝藻监测及暴发情况分析

为了及时掌握太湖蓝藻发生和暴发状况,为保障流域供水安全和太湖富营养化治理提供必要的基础信息,以1996-2008年太湖各湖区藻类监测资料为基础,结合蓝藻历史变化状况,对太湖13 a的藻类群落组成、优势种的构成、数量和季节变化,以及蓝藻暴发情况进行分析,并对太湖9个湖区分区进行蓝藻暴发特征分析,探讨治理蓝藻水华的措施.结...     

湖库水华治理的微电流电解抑藻技术研究

相比于现有的水华末端治理方式,采用以预防为主的思路进行水华防控,避免水华发生带来的不利影响,是更为经济有效、生态友好的水华治理措施。详细阐述了控制藻类“种源”的微电流电解抑藻技术,对微电流电解抑藻技术的最佳应用时机、技术原理、应用效果等进行了分析,深入探讨了微电流电解技术抑制湖库藻类生长的机理,同时开展了技术应用研究。结果表明,移动式微电流电解对湖泊藻类生长具有良好的抑制效果,2 h的处理可使50 m3水体中85%的藻类失活。     

绿色化工新例—利用基因重组蓝细菌生产PHB的初步结果

在发现蓝细菌糖原合成与PHB合成相竞争的基础上，提出用基因工程手段改造蓝细菌，使催化糖原合成的关键酶?ADP-葡萄糖焦磷酸羧化酶的agp基因部分为红霉素抗性基因所取代，从而将与PHB合成形成竞争反应的糖原合成途径删除. 对该突变株的构建过程及培养进行了初步研究，所得突变株生长速度提高，最终生物量较野生株高，表明突变株细胞的光合效率较野生株细胞提高. 在突变株体内未检测到糖原，光合自养时PHB含量由野生株的3.4%提高到约15%.     

Cellular origin of dysiherbaine, an excitatory amino acid derived from a marine sponge

The cellular origin of dysiherbaine, a marine-sponge toxin, was investigated immunohistochemically by using an anti-dysiherbaine antibody. Dysiherbaine-like immunoreactivity was found to be localized in spherical cells harbored in the sponge mesohyl. A combination of ribosomal RNA gene (rDNA) analysis and cell-morphology analysis revealed that the spherical cells were Synechocystis cyanobacteria. However, the sponge, identified as Lendenfeldia chondrodes on the basis of its rDNA sequence, appeared to contain two different chemotypes--dysiherbaine-producing (DH+) and nondysiherbaine-producing (DH-)--both of which inhabited the same region. Synechocystis cells in the DH- sponge were not labeled with antibody, although the 16S rDNA gene profile of the cyanobacteria in the DH- sponge was indistinguishable from that of the cyanobacteria in the DH+ sponge. On the basis of these results, we hypothesize that dysiherbaine is a metabolite of certain varieties of endosymbiotic Synechocystis sp.     

Prerequisites of Isopeptide Bond Formation in Microcystin Biosynthesis

The biosynthesis of the potent cyanobacterial hepatotoxin microcystin involves isopeptide bond formation through the carboxylic acid side chains of d ‐glutamate and β‐methyl d ‐aspartate. Analysis of the in vitro activation profiles of the two corresponding adenylation domains, McyE‐A and McyB‐A₂, either in a didomain or a tridomain context with the cognate thiolation domain and the upstream condensation domain revealed that substrate activation of both domains strictly depended on the presence of the condensation domains. We further identified two key amino acids in the binding pockets of both adenylation domains that could serve as a bioinformatic signature of isopeptide bond‐forming modules incorporating d ‐glutamate or d ‐aspartate. Our findings further contribute to the understanding of the multifaceted role of condensation domains in nonribosomal peptide synthetase assembly lines.